Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	6509
authors	Blinn, J.F.
year	1978
title	Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces
source	Computer Graphics 12 3. 286-292
summary	Computer generated shaded images have reached an impressive degree of realism with the current state of the art. They are not so realistic, however, that they would fool many people into believing they are real. One problem is that the surfaces tend to look artificial due to their extreme smoothness. What is needed is a means of simulating the surface irregularities that are on real surfaces. In 1973 Ed Catmull introduced the idea of using the parameter values of parametrically defined surfaces to index into a texture definition function which scales the intensity of the reflected light. By tying the texture pattern to the parameter values, the texture is guaranteed to rotate and move with the object. This is good for showing patterns painted on the surface, but attempts to simulate rough surfaces in this way are unconvincing. This paper presents a method of using a texturing function to perform a small perturbation on the direction of the surface normal before using it in the intensity calculations. This process yields images with realistic looking surface wrinkles without the need to model each wrinkle as a separate surface element. Several samples of images made with this technique are included.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	2612
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1978
title	Wall Representations of Rectangular Dissections and Their Use in Automated Space Allocation
source	Environment and Planning B. 1978. vol. 5: pp. 215-232 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A procedure is described which generates dissections of rectangles into rectangular components in order to obtain solutions to space-allocation problems which are restricted through topological and dimensional constraints. Solutions are generated in two steps: step 1 determines basic geometric properties of the arrangements to be produced, and step 2 computes the dimensions of the spaces in such an arrangement. Both steps are based on `wall representations' of the solutions. These representations allow geometric relations and operations to be transformed into relations and operations defined on character strings. They furthermore allow the (possibly infinite) set of solutions to be systematically searched for a finite set of `principal options'. The importance linear-programming techniques for step 2 is described
keywords	space allocation, linear programming, representation, CAD, design,automation, layout, synthesis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	6635
authors	Scherrer, P.K. and Hillberry, B.M.
year	1978
title	Determining Distance to a Surface Represented in Piecewise Fashion with Surface Patches
source	Computer Aided Design. September, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 320-324 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A previously reported method for finding the points of intersection of a vector and a parametric surface patch is examined. However, before the point of intersection of a vector and a patch can be determined, it is necessary to find the patch (or patches) on a multipatch surface intersected by the vector. A technique is described for determining the patch or patches intersected by a vector, given the patches intersected by a single plane containing the intersecting vector. Once these have been found, the point of intersection can be determined and the distance to the multipatch surface obtained
keywords	computational geometry, curved surfaces, intersection
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	26ef
authors	Seebohm, Thomas
year	1991
title	A Possible Palladian Villa
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1991.135
source	Reality and Virtual Reality [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-00-4] Los Angeles (California - USA) October 1991, pp. 135-166
summary	Ever since Wittkower published Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism in 1949, in which he showed that Palladio's villa plans are based on a tartan grid, it seemed that Palladio's design principles had been encapsulated. When subsequently, in 1978, Mitchell and Stiny enunciated all the topological possibilities for Palladian villa plans, it appeared that the case was closed. Freedman and Hersey have since shown that it is precisely in the application of specific building dimensions and proportions that additional design rules come into play, however. The present study builds on the work of Freedman and Hersey. It uses and extends their method which involves incorporation of the known design principles for Palladian villas, as given implicitly in Palladio's Four Books of Architecture and in his built works, into a computer program capable of generating schematic plans and elevations based on those principles and visually comparing the generated plans and elevations with the known works of Palladio. In cases of disagreement, the reasons for the disagreement help formulate further design rules.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	4df6
authors	Cohen, Elaine and Riesenfeld, Richard F.
year	1978
title	An Incompatibility Projector Based on an Interpolant of Gregory
source	computer Graphics and Image Processing. 1978. vol. 8: pp. 294-298. includes bibliography
summary	This paper develops an 'incompatibility Projector' Qm, which is an intrinsically bivariate projector that is not the composition of two univariate projectors. Then it employs Qm to manifest a recent rational interpolant due to Gregory in projector form as a triple Boolean sum. This creates a mold for additional compatibility projectors which yield interpolants to functions that do not meet the ordinary compatibility constraints required for Boolean sum interpolation
keywords	algorithms, computational geometry, curves, curved surfaces, mathematics, theory
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	2b4b
authors	Giloi, Wolfgang K.
year	1978
title	Interactive Computer Graphics : Data Structure, Algorithms, Languages
source	xiii, 354 p. : ill
summary	Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978. includes bibliography: p. 320-329 and indexes. Part 1 is devoted to data structures and algorithms: an introduction to the subject and chapters on data structure, data bases, and list handling; picture structure and picture transformations; interpolation of curves and surfaces; and rendering of surfaces and solids. Part 2 emphasizes languages and their interpreters: interactive handling, the display processor, display file and picture file organization, language concepts for interactive computer graphics, and high level language implementation of display programming systems
keywords	computer graphics, algorithms, data structures, languages, database, transformation, curves, curved surfaces, solids, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	4697
authors	Griffiths, J.G.
year	1978
title	A Surface Display Algorithm
source	Computer Aided Design. January, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 65-73 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	An algorithm is described for displaying curved surfaces with their hidden parts removed. The algorithm calculates a number of points on a surface at which the surface disappears from view, and joins the points to form a piece-wise smooth `critical boundary'. With a knowledge of this critical boundary, the task of displaying the visible parts of the surface becomes simple
keywords	algorithms, curved surfaces, representation, display, hidden lines, hidden surfaces, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2023_90
id	sigradi2023_90
authors	Codarin, Sara and Daubmann, Karl
year	2023
title	Rom[AI]nterrotta
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 705–716
summary	This contribution presents the outcomes of a three-credit elective course offered at Lawrence Technological University’s College of Architecture and Design that involved a week-long travel experience in Rome with undergraduate and graduate students. The course used on-the-fly digital synthetic creations with AI text-to-image and image-to-image generation. The students collectively produced a disciplinary design-fiction tour book for a futuristic Rome, integrated into the city's historical layers. Inspired by the 1978 Roma Interrotta/Interrupted Rome project, the students reimagined the city using AI-informed storytelling to create altered narratives that explored common themes and critical insights. The digital tools allowed students to seamlessly blend AI-generated ideas with photos from the tour, linking historical contexts and contemporary design proposals. The critical use of AI served as a valuable tool in this process, educating designers on the importance of site-specific considerations and capturing the essence of a place through innovative creations informed by their experiences.
keywords	AI, Text-to-Image, Storytelling, Travel Experience, Rome
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	0354
authors	Goodman, Gary and Reddy, Raj D.
year	1978
title	Alternative Control Structures for Speech Understanding Systems
source	1978 ? [13] p. : ill. includes bibliography Control structures are an essential part of any speech recognition system. They are the devices by which passive knowledge about the task and language is transformed into active and effective processes. In the chapter, three areas of control structures are defined and discussed: knowledge source interaction, knowledge source activation, and knowledge source focusing. Discussion relates the concepts presented to systems developed during the five-year ARPA speech understanding project. speech recognition / systems / control / structures / AI. 64. Goodman, Tim and Keith Unsworth. 'Manipulating Shape and Producing Geometric Continuity in B-spline Curves.' IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. February, 1986. vol. 6: pp. 50-56 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	This article examines some of the desirable features of B- splines that make them particularly suitable for computer- aided design. First, a theoretical analysis is presented regarding the effects upon the shape of a design curve when the bias and tension parameters are allowed to vary in certain ways. Second, the concept of geometric continuity is discussed, and conditions are derived upon the control vertices to ensure that the design curve has second-order geometric continuity. Illustrations of B-spline curves are presented to support the theoretical conclusions
keywords	computational geometry, B-splines, curves, CAD
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	10a8
authors	McCall, Raymond Joseph
year	1978
title	On the structure and use of issue systems in design
source	University of California, Berkeley
summary	The purpose of this dissertation is to explain and justify the concept of issue serving-systems as a new paradigm for descriptive and normative models of design processes. This paradigm is based in general on Horst Rittel's "Argumentative Planning Paradigm" and in particular on Rittel's "Issue-Based Information System" --IBIS-- method. Like IBIS, the issue serving-system concept views design as consisting of the raising and answering of various questions, called issues. The addition of the issue serving-system concept to IBIS is the claim that the serving relationship is the main means for structuring issues into a system for design. That relationship is the one in which an issue A serves an issue B, by which it is meant that the answering of A is useful in deriving the answer to B. Collections of issues structured by this relationship are labelled "issue serving-systems." In the dissertation it is explained that an issue servingsystem has a quasi-hierarchical structure and has as its function the answering of a P!L issue, i.e., an issue of the form, "What should this plan be." Two projects are undertaken in order to demonstrate the normative significance of the issue serving-system concept. The first is to show that the concept forms the basis of a variety of techniques for mechanical (algorithmic) generation of issues and answers. The second is to show how the concept provides criteria for determining which issues should be dealt with and in what order. In particular, it is argued that a topdown breadth-first order of raising issues is best. These conclusions are incorporated into procedures for design, and two applications of these procedures are described. One application involves use of an interactive computer program written by the author. The other involves a non-computerized version of the method.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	87a9
authors	Napolitano, Luigi G. and Losito, Valentine
year	1978
title	The Closed Spline Functions
source	Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. North Holland Pub. Co., 1978. vol. 13: pp. 335-350 : ill. one bibliographical note
summary	Spline functions defined over a closed interval are inadequate for solving interpolating problems related to closed curves. The inadequacy can be overcome by spline functions defined over a closed contour. Such new functions, called closed spline functions, are introduced, characterized and studied in this paper. Examples of applications are presented and discussed
keywords	curves, B-splines
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	629c
authors	Ball, A. A.
year	1978
title	A Simple Specification of the Parametric Cubic Segment
source	computer Aided Design. Business Press, May, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 181-182
summary	A parametric cubic segment may be specified in many ways but most specifications require quantities peculiar to the parametric representation rather than the geometric properties of the curve segment. This paper shows that a three- dimensional cubic segment is specified completely by its end points, end slopes and one intermediate point
keywords	parametrization, curves, curved surfaces, representation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	e1e8
authors	Bezier, Pierre E.
year	1978
title	General Distortion of an Ensemble of Biparametric Surfaces
source	computer Aided Design. March, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 116-120 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	When the shape of an object has been numerically defined, it is sometimes necessary to distort it to improve either its technical performance or its aesthetic appearance. After briefly recalling the major properties of space curves and surfaces defined by Bernstein polynomials, it is shown how the result can be automatically obtained by distorting an auxiliary triparametric set of references. The principle of an approximate method for high-order curves and surfaces is explained
keywords	curves, curved surfaces, Bernstein, representation, Bezier, computational geometry
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0bd5
authors	Dube, R., Herron, G.J. and Little, F.F. (et al)
year	1978
title	SURFED -- An Interactive Editor for Free-Form Surfaces
source	Computer Aided Design. March, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 111-115 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	An editor is described for creating and modifying free-form surfaces. A modular system was developed in order to provide the researchers with a facility for communicating design ideas and new mathematical forms through an interactive graphical interface to a computer based model. To achieve this it was necessary to invent a new graphical construct called a `spider' for inputing three-dimensional parameters. This experimental system has the essential features of a large- scale implementation, with the capability of utilizing many new surface forms that have not yet been tried in actual applications
keywords	curved surfaces, computer graphics, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e671
authors	Bentley, Jon L., Haken, Dorothea and Saxe, James B.
year	1978
title	A General Method for Solving Divide-and-Conquer Recurrences
source	10 p Carnegie Mellon University: December, 1978. includes bibliography.
summary	The complexity of divide-and-conquer algorithms is often described by recurrence relations of the form T(n) = kT(n/c) + f(n). The only method currently available for solving such recurrences consists of solution tables for fixed functions f and varying k and c. In this note the authors describe a unifying method for solving these recurrences that is both general in applicability and easy to apply without the use of large tables
keywords	recursion, algorithms, divide-and-conquer
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a9b7
authors	Pal, T.K.
year	1978
title	Intrinsic Spline Curve with Local Control
source	Computer Aided Design. January, 1978. vol. 10: pp. 19-29 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	Stationary values of mean tangent rotation angles are used in the intrinsic curve design method which defines curves for CAD by specifying curvature and/or torsion profiles. This paper discusses these mean angles and makes use of them to derive approximate formulas for fast integration of curvature profiles
keywords	algorithms, curves
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	898a
authors	Bay, J.H.
year	2002
title	Cognitive Biases and Precedent Knowledge in Human and Computer-Aided Design Thinking
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.213
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 213-220
summary	Cognitive biases (illusions) and potential errors can occur when using precedent knowledge for analogical, pre-parametric and qualitative design thinking. This paper refers largely to part of a completed research (Bay 2001) on how heuristic biases, discussed by Tversky and Kahneman (1982) in cognitive psychology, can affect judgement and learning of facts from precedents in architectural design, made explicit using a kernel of conceptual system (Tzonis et. al., 1978) and a framework of architectural representation (Tzonis 1992). These are used here to consider how such illusions and errors may be transferred to computer aided design thinking.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	0fd5
authors	Borkin, Harold J., McIntosh, John F. and Turner, James A.
year	1978
title	The Development of Three-Dimensional Spatial Modeling Techniques for the Construction of Nuclear Power Plants
source	SIGGRAPH-ACM Quarterly Report. August, 1978. pp. 26-30 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper presents the results of the first phase of a research project on the application of spatial modeling techniques to the process of planning and executing the construction of a nuclear power plant. A computer modeling technique, based on sets of polyhedra and spatial set operations, was developed and applied to modeling the components of a nuclear power plant. The objectives of the modeling are: To store and retrieve information about the various systems in the facility; to produce drawings of those systems from any angle in differing amounts of detail; to aid in the search for interference among the parts of the plant by identifying those elements that occupy the same space or are too close to each other; to calculate information such as surface area, length, and volume of selected elements of the plant; and to aid in finding the optimum construction sequence by simulating the construction of selected areas of the plant. Computer techniques are described for inputing information by digitizing directly from engineering drawings, for editing the spatial model, for management of the spatial and non-spatial data, and for graphic output from the model. The software is implemented on the University central time- sharing computer system and on a mini-computer system in the Architectural Research Laboratory
keywords	geometric modeling, polyhedra, relational database, construction, synthesis, evaluation, design, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0189
authors	Brodlie, K.W. (editor)
year	1980
title	Mathematical Methods in Computer Graphics and Design
source	xi, 147 p. : ill. New York: Academic Press, 1980. includes subject index
summary	Based on the proceeding of the conference on mathematical methods in computer graphics and design, organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications and held at the university of Leicester on september 28th, 1978
keywords	algorithms, geometric modeling, techniques, computer graphics, mathematics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	35a7
authors	Brown, André G.P.
year	2001
title	Architectural critique through digital scenariobuilding. Augmenting Architectural Criticism and Narrative
source	Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 697-709
summary	As an idea scenario-building has parallels the use of creative faking in related disciplines, most particularly, in contemporary art. The techniques involved in scenario-building and faking offer us enhanced ways of undertaking creative thinking and critical review of architecture and architectural projects. Critical review and theoretical analysis of architecture can be undertaken via a range of methods that Attoe (1978) classifies as Normative, Interpretive and Descriptive. Digital representation now offers us new ways of augmenting these critical styles in ways that have yet to be fully exploited, and possible means of exploitation are illustrated in this paper. In short the work described here shows how digital techniques can be used to enrich architectural investigation, critical reporting and debate.
keywords	Digital Recreation, Scenario-Building, Narrative, Fake, Architectural Critique
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

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