Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	e825
authors	Baybars, Ilker and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1980
title	Enumerating Architectural Arrangements by Generating Their Underlying Graphs
source	Environment and Planning B. 1980. vol. 7: pp. 289- 310 : ill. includes bibliography. -- See also 'Enumerating Architectural Arrangements: Comment on a Recent Paper by Baybars and Eastman' by C.F. Earl
summary	One mathematical correspondence to the partitioning of the plane is a Weighted Plane Graph (WPG). This paper first focuses on the systematic generation of WPGs, in a fashion similar to crystal growth. During this process, the WPGs are represented by adjacency matrices. The authors, thus, present a method for embedding the WPG in the plane, given its adjacency matrix. These graphs can, then, be mapped into floor plans. The common practice here is the use of the `geometric dual' of a WPG. The authors propose, instead, the use of the `Pseudogeometric dual' of a WPG directly to translate (part of) a design brief into alternative spatial layouts. Also discussed is the ability to create courtyards and/or circulation spaces given a specific WPG, without increasing the size of the problem
keywords	enumeration, architecture, floor plans, graphs, design process, automation, algorithms, space allocation, CAD
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	8593
authors	Braid, I.C.
year	1980
title	Superficial Blends in Geometric Modelling
source	12 p. : ill. February, 1980. Document No. 105. includes bibliography
summary	In engineering practice, many blended surfaces are both indicated and manufactured by rounding off a sharp edge. The authors term them `superficial' blends in contrast to `designed' blends for which existing surface techniques are appropriate. The provision of superficial blends in a geometric modeling system is explained, and a method is given for drawing objects containing blended edges
keywords	geometric modeling, CAD, representation, solids
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	659f
authors	Earl, C.F.
year	1981
title	Enumerating Architectural Arrangements : Comment on a Recent Paper by Baybars and Eastman
source	Environment and Planning B. 1981. vol. 8: pp. 115-118 : ill. includes bibliography. -- See Baybars, I. and Eastman, Charles M. 'Enumerating Architectural Arrangements by Generating Their Underlying Graphs' (Environmental and Planning B, 1980, vol.7, pp. 289-310)
summary	Comments and discussion on the method proposed for generating the graphs for enumerating architectural arrangements by Baybars and Eastman (1980)
keywords	enumeration, architecture, floor plans, graphs
series	CADline
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	d22c
authors	Eastman, C.M.
year	1980
title	System Facilities for CAD Databases
source	17th Design Automation Conference Proceedings
summary	In this paper, an attempt is made to lay out the special needs of design databases, as compared to the facilities provided in conventional database systems now commercially available. The paper starts from a point of commonality and focusses on the limitations and shortcomings commonly found in current database systems. It is impossible and unwise to make universal statements about DBMS capabilities. Instead, the goal is to identify those special features that, by their capability, provide distinctions beyond the general notions of speed and ratio of logical size to physical size.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	a5c3
authors	Er, M.C.
year	1981
title	The Relations of the Computation of Fibonnaci Numbers with the Polyphase Sort
source	8 p. Wollongong: Department of Computing Science, University of Wollongong, September, 1981. includes bibliography
summary	The theory of polyphase sort has simplified the mathematical derivations of Wilson and Shortt's (1980) algorithm, and offered an intuitive explanation of why Gries and Levin's (1980), and Urbanek's (1980) algorithms work. The computation of order-k Fibonacci numbers is equivalent to moving a window of matrix upwards in a series of ideal distributions
keywords	Fibonacci, sorting, mathematics, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	b190
authors	Goldberg, Adele and Robson, David
year	1983
title	Smalltalk-80: The language and its implementation
source	New York, NY: Addison Wesley Co
summary	Smalltalk-80 is the classic standard Smalltalk language as described in Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation by Goldberg and Robson. This book is commonly called "the Blue Book". Squeak implements the dialect of Smalltalk described in this book, but has a different implementation. Overview of the Smalltalk Language Smalltalk is a general purpose, high level programming language. It was the first original "pure" object oriented language, but not the first to use the object oriented concept, which is credited to Simula 67. The explosive growth of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) technologies began in the early 1980's, with Smalltalk's introduction. Behind it was the idea that the individual human user should be the most important component of any computing system, and that programming should be a natural extension of thinking, and also a dynamic and evolutionary process consistent with the model of human learning activity. In Smalltalk, these ideas are embodied in a framework for human-computer communication. In a sense, Smalltalk is yet another language like C and Pascal, and programs can be written in Smalltalk that have the look and feel of such conventional languages. The difference lies * in the amount of code that can be reduced, * less cryptic syntax, * and code that is easier to handle for application maintenance and enhancement. But Smalltalk's most powerful feature is easy code reuse. Smalltalk makes reuse of programs, routines, and subroutines (methods) far easier. Though procedural languages allow reuse too, it is harder to do, and much easier to cheat. It is no surprise that Smalltalk is relatively easy to learn, mainly due to its simple syntax and semantics, as well as few concepts. Objects, classes, messages, and methods form the basis of programming in Smalltalk. The general methodology to use Smalltalk The notion of human-computer interface also results in Smalltalk promoting the development of safer systems. Errors in Smalltalk may be viewed as objects telling users that confusion exists as to how to perform a desired function.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0a4c
authors	Holt, R.C. and Hume, J.N.P.
year	1980
title	Programming Standard PASCAL
source	x, 381 p. Reston, Verginia: Reston Publishing Company, Inc., 1980. includes index
summary	A comprehensive look at data structures, records, files, pointers and more, for effective programming using PASCAL. A practical guide book from an introduction level through advanced coverage of numerical methods, assembly language programming and compiler construction
keywords	PASCAL, programming, languages, education
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c3f4
authors	Joy, William
year	1980
title	An Introduction to Display Editing with VI
source	September, 1980. 30 p
summary	VI (Visual) is a display oriented interactive text editor. When using VI the screen of the terminal acts as a window into the file which is being editing. Changes which made to the file are reflected in what is seen. Using VI the user can insert new text any place in the file quite easily. Most of the commands to VI move the cursor around in the file. There are commands to move the cursor forward and backward in units of characters, words, sentences and paragraphs. A small set of operators, like d for delete and c for change, are combined with the motion commands to form operations such as delete word or change paragraph, in a simple and natural way. This regularity and the mnemonic assignment of commands to keys makes the editor command set easy to remember and to use. VI works on a large number of display terminals, and new terminals are easily driven after editing a terminal description file. While it is advantageous to have an intelligent terminal which can locally insert and delete lines and characters from the display, the editor will function quite well on dumb terminals over slow phone lines. The editor makes allowances for the low bandwidth in these situations and uses smaller window sizes and different display updating algorithms to make best use of the limited speed available. It is also possible to use the command set of VI on hardcopy terminals, storage tubes and 'glass ty's' using a one line editing window; thus VI's command set is available on all terminals. The full command set of the more traditional, line oriented editor ED is available within VI; it is quite simple to switch between the two modes of editing
keywords	UNIX, display, word processing, software
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	caadria2014_102
id	caadria2014_102
authors	Lopes, João V.; Alexandra C. Paio and José P. Sousa
year	2014
title	Parametric Urban Models Based on Frei Otto’s Generative Form-Finding Processes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.595
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 595–604
summary	Presently there is a progressive tendency to incorporate parametric design strategies in urban planning and design. Although the computational technologies that allow it are recent, fundamental theories and thinking processes behind it can be traced back to the work conducted at the Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL) in Stuttgart, between the 1960’s and 1980’s. This paper describes an experimental urban research work based on Frei Otto and Eda Schaur's thoughts on unplanned settlements, and on the form-finding experiences carried out at IL. By exploring the digital development of parametric and algorithmic interactive models, two urban design proposals were developed for a site in Porto city. Out of this experience, this paper suggests that today the act of design can benefit from a deeper understanding of the natural processes of occupation and connection.
keywords	Parametric urbanism; generative design; form-finding; Frei Otto
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2006_252
id	2006_252
authors	Penttilä, Hannu
year	2006
title	Managing the Changes within the Architectural Practice - The Effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.252
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 252-260
summary	The architectural working environment has changed during the last 30 years more than ever before. Most of the changes have been related with information and communication technologies (ICT). Architectural working methods and tools have changed profoundly, when CAD has replaced more traditional methods and tools. Communicative working environment and document management within design & construction has also been changed to digital, meaning email and project webs. Completing a traditional architectural profile of the 20th centrury, a drawer-designer, contemporary communicating and managing skills plus mastering ICT are needed today to operate modern architectural practise properly. The objective of this study is to create a change-oriented understanding of the contemporary architectural profession concentrating on architectural information management. The first phase, a literature study, will be followed by interviews and case-studies, to examine three hypothetically different periods of time: a) 1980-85 the era before CAD, the last days of hand-drawing, b) 1993-98 the era of digital drawing, the expansion of architectural CAD, c) 2000-05 the rise of integrated and pervasive web-supported digital design. The study will propose new aspects to be included in the modern architectural profile, namingly project coordination, collaborative team-work, design information integration and profound digital content management.
keywords	architectural profession; design practice; architectural ICT; change management
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	fc80
authors	Ubbelohde, S. and Humann, C.
year	1998
title	Comparative Evaluation of Four Daylighting Software Programs
source	1998 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Proceedings. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
summary	By the mid-1980's, a number of software packages were under development to predict daylighting performance in buildings, in particular illumination levels in daylighted spaces. An evaluation in 1988 by Ubbelohde et al. demonstrated that none of the software then available was capable of predicting the simplest of real daylighting designs. In the last ten years computer capabilities have evolved rapidly and we have four major packages widely available in the United States. This paper presents a comparative evaluation from the perspective of building and daylighting design practice. A contemporary building completed in 1993 was used as a base case for evaluation. We present the results from field measurements, software predictions and physical modeling as a basis for discussing the capabilities of the software packages in architectural design practice. We found the current software packages far more powerful and nuanced in their ability to predict daylight than previously. Some can accurately predict quantitative daylight performance under varying sky conditions and produce handsome and accurate visualizations of the space. The programs differ significantly, however, in their ease of use, modeling basis and the emphasis between quantitative predictions and visualization in the output.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

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