Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	abcd
authors	Lewis, H. and Papadimitriou, C.
year	1981
title	Elements of the Theory of Computation
source	Prentice Hall, New Jersey
summary	Provides an introduction to the classical and contemporary theory of computation and deep insights into the fundamental paradigms of computer science. Covers sets, relations, and languages, finite automata & Turing machines. Revised new edition. DLC: Machine theory.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	a5c3
authors	Er, M.C.
year	1981
title	The Relations of the Computation of Fibonnaci Numbers with the Polyphase Sort
source	8 p. Wollongong: Department of Computing Science, University of Wollongong, September, 1981. includes bibliography
summary	The theory of polyphase sort has simplified the mathematical derivations of Wilson and Shortt's (1980) algorithm, and offered an intuitive explanation of why Gries and Levin's (1980), and Urbanek's (1980) algorithms work. The computation of order-k Fibonacci numbers is equivalent to moving a window of matrix upwards in a series of ideal distributions
keywords	Fibonacci, sorting, mathematics, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	ecaade2012_087
id	ecaade2012_087
authors	Lorenz, Wolfgang E.
year	2012
title	Estimating the Fractal Dimension of Architecture: Using two Measurement Methods implemented in AutoCAD by VBA
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 505-513
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.505
wos	WOS:000330322400052
summary	The concept of describing and analyzing architecture from a fractal point of view, on which this paper is based, can be traced back to Benoît Mandelbrot (1981) and Carl Bovill (1996) to a considerable extent. In particular, this includes the distinction between scalebound (offering a limited number of characteristic elements) and scaling objects (offering many characteristic elements of scale) made by B. Mandelbrot (1981). In the fi rst place such a differentiation is based upon a visual description. This paper explores the possibility of assistance by two measurement methods, fi rst time introduced to architecture by C. Bovill (1996). While the box-counting method measures or more precisely estimates the box-counting dimension D b of objects (e.g. facades), range analysis examines the rhythm of a design. As CAD programs are familiar to architects during design processes, the author implemented both methods in AutoCAD using the scripting language VBA. First measurements indicate promising results for indicating the distinction between what B. Mandelbrot called scalebound and scaling buildings.
keywords	Box-Counting Method; Range Analysis; Hurst-Exponent; Analyzing Architecture; Scalebound and Scaling objects
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	a6f1
authors	Bridges, A.H.
year	1986
title	Any Progress in Systematic Design?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 5-15
summary	In order to discuss this question it is necessary to reflect awhile on design methods in general. The usual categorization discusses 'generations' of design methods, but Levy (1981) proposes an alternative approach. He identifies five paradigm shifts during the course of the twentieth century which have influenced design methods debate. The first paradigm shift was achieved by 1920, when concern with industrial arts could be seen to have replaced concern with craftsmanship. The second shift, occurring in the early 1930s, resulted in the conception of a design profession. The third happened in the 1950s, when the design methods debate emerged; the fourth took place around 1970 and saw the establishment of 'design research'. Now, in the 1980s, we are going through the fifth paradigm shift, associated with the adoption of a holistic approach to design theory and with the emergence of the concept of design ideology. A major point in Levy's paper was the observation that most of these paradigm shifts were associated with radical social reforms or political upheavals. For instance, we may associate concern about public participation with the 1970s shift and the possible use (or misuse) of knowledge, information and power with the 1980s shift. What has emerged, however, from the work of colleagues engaged since the 1970s in attempting to underpin the practice of design with a coherent body of design theory is increasing evidence of the fundamental nature of a person's engagement with the design activity. This includes evidence of the existence of two distinctive modes of thought, one of which can be described as cognitive modelling and the other which can be described as rational thinking. Cognitive modelling is imagining, seeing in the mind's eye. Rational thinking is linguistic thinking, engaging in a form of internal debate. Cognitive modelling is externalized through action, and through the construction of external representations, especially drawings. Rational thinking is externalized through verbal language and, more formally, through mathematical and scientific notations. Cognitive modelling is analogic, presentational, holistic, integrative and based upon pattern recognition and pattern manipulation. Rational thinking is digital, sequential, analytical, explicatory and based upon categorization and logical inference. There is some relationship between the evidence for two distinctive modes of thought and the evidence of specialization in cerebral hemispheres (Cross, 1984). Design methods have tended to focus upon the rational aspects of design and have, therefore, neglected the cognitive aspects. By recognizing that there are peculiar 'designerly' ways of thinking combining both types of thought process used to perceive, construct and comprehend design representations mentally and then transform them into an external manifestation current work in design theory is promising at last to have some relevance to design practice.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	0776
authors	Er, M.C.
year	1981
title	Matrices of Fibonacci Numbers
source	12 p. Wollongong: Department of Computing Science, University of Wollongong, October, 1981. includes bibliography
summary	The matrices of Fibonacci numbers (called windows) possess some unusual properties which are not shared by normal matrices, such as commutativity under multiplication and +1 for all determinants. The beauty of multiplicative closure lends a hand to the fast computation of generalized order-k Fibonacci numbers in O(k2 log n) time
keywords	Fibonacci, mathematics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	20b5
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1981
title	Interactive Shape Generation and Spatial Conflict Testing
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (18th : 1981 : Nashville, Tennessee). pp. 75-81 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A general purpose, research oriented, interactive modeling system is presented. It is based on two different coherent polyhedral shape representations: a planar graph, used for computation and data manipulation, and relational-database for compact store and general communication with application programs. The two representations effectively partition the system shape-space into active and inactive shapes, respectively. These are explicitly interchangeable by the user, keeping the actual workspace at a manageable size. The basic functionalities provided by the system include the combination of primitive shapes into complex objects by means of spatial set operators (union, intersection and difference), their modeling by means of scaling, rotation and translation, spatial interference detection and graphical display capabilities
keywords	geometric modeling, solid modeling, representation, boolean operations, B-rep, intersection
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2008_166
id	sigradi2008_166
authors	Papanikolaou, Dimitris
year	2008
title	Digital Fabrication Production System Theory: Towards an Integrated Environment for Design and Production of Assemblies
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	A Digital Fabrication Production System (DFPS) is a concept describing a set of processes, tools, and resources that will be able to produce an artifact according to a design, fast, cheap, and easy, independently of location. A DFPS project is a complex assembly of custom parts that is delivered by a network of fabrication and assembly processes. This network is called the value chain. The workflow concept of a DFPS is the following: begin design process with a custom geometric form; decompose it into constructible parts; send the part files for fabrication to various locations; transport all parts at the construction site at the right time; finally, assemble the final artifact. Conceptually it means that based on a well structured value chain we could build anything we want, at anyplace, at controllable cost and quality. The goals of a DFPS are the following: custom shapes, controllable lead time, controllable quality, controllable cost, easiness of fabrication, and easiness of assembly. Simply stated this means to build any form, anywhere, accurately, cheap, fast, and easy. Unfortunately, the reality with current Digital Fabrication (DF) projects is rather disappointing: They take more time than what was planned, they get more expensive than what was expected, they involve great risk and uncertainty, and finally they are too complex to plan, understand, and manage. Moreover, most of these problems are discovered during production when it is already late for correction. However, there is currently no systematic approach to evaluate difficulty of production of DF projects in Architecture. Most of current risk assessment methods are based on experience gathered from previous similar cases. But it is the premise of mass customization that projects can be radically different. Assembly incompatibilities are currently addressed by building physical mockups. But physical mockups cause a significant loss in both time and cost. All these problems suggest that an introduction of a DFPS for mass customization in architecture needs first an integrated theory of assembly and management control. Evaluating feasibility of a DF project has two main problems: first, how to evaluate assemblability of the design; second, how to evaluate performance of the value chain. Assemblability is a system’s structure problem, while performance is a system’s dynamics problem. Structure of systems has been studied in the field of Systems Engineering by Network Analysis methods such as the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) (Steward 1981), and the liaison graph (Whitney 2004), while dynamics of systems have been studied by System Dynamics (Forrester 1961). Can we define a formal method to evaluate the difficulty of production of an artifact if we know the artifact’s design and the production system’s structure? This paper formulates Attribute Process Methodology (APM); a method for assessing feasibility of a DFPS project that combines Network Analysis to evaluate assemblability of the design with System Dynamics to evaluate performance of the value chain.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Production System, System Dynamics, Network Analysis, Assembly
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	20a8
authors	Ruffle, Simon
year	1986
title	How Can CAD Provide for the Changing Role of the Architect?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 197-199
summary	At the RIBA Conference of 1981 entitled 'New Opportunities', and more recently at the 1984 ACA Annual Conference on 'Architects in Competition' there has been talk of marketing, new areas of practice, recapturing areas of practice lost to other professions, more accountability to client and public 'the decline of the mystique of the professional'. It is these issues, rather than technical advances in software and hardware, that will be the prime movers in getting computers into widespread practice in the future. In this chapter we will examine how changing attitudes in the profession might affect three practical issues in computing with which the author has been preoccupied in the past year. We will conclude by considering how, in future, early design stage computing may need to be linked to architectural theory, and, as this is a conference where we are encouraged to be outspoken, we will raise the issue of a computer-based theory of architecture.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	eb23
authors	Akin, Omer
year	1981
title	Efficient Computer-User Interface in Electronic Mail Systems
source	Department of Computer Science, April, 1981. ii, 24 p. includes bibliography
summary	This research explores the question of improving user- computer interface. The approach is one of observing and codifying various parameters that influence the efficiency of interface in the context of electronic mail tasks. In the paper the authors observe 'expert' and 'regular' users of a mail system and analyze the sources of efficiency. It is clear that experts use a different, more specialized, set of commands in performing standard mail tasks. While experts perform these tasks with fewer errors and more 'completely,' it is not clear that they achieve this any faster than regular users. Recommendations for design are made
keywords	user interface, protocol analysis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:09

_id	c9dc
authors	Avron, Barr and Feigenbaum, Edward A. (editors)
year	1981
title	The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
source	xiv, 409 p. Stanford, California: HeurisTech Press., 1981. vol. 1 of 3: includes bibliography p.[365]-388 and indexes
summary	Part 1 of a three volume set that contains some 200 articles on AI. Volume 1 discusses the goals of AI research, the history of the field and the current active areas of research. It explains how the book is organized, and the literature of the field. How to access journal articles and technical reports for further reading
keywords	AI
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	barakat_theses_eaea2007
id	barakat_theses_eaea2007
authors	Barakat, Husam
year	2008
title	Analytical Study of the Projects of Students in the Architectural Design - Comparision Between Physical and Digital Models
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	Since its foundation in 1981, Architectural faculty has adopted traditional teaching methods for practical subjects such as architectural design and Urban planning. In these subjects, students submitted their projects and exams on (chanson) and (calk) sheets using various drawing tools. Such tools are still in use by students up to date in manually architectural concept presentation. This comes after the students pass a number of subjects related to art and engineering drawing that help the students in gaining drawing representation and rendering skills.
keywords	architectural concept, traditional teaching, computer technology
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	c0ee
authors	Bentley, Jon L. and Ottmann, Thomas
year	1981
title	The Complexity of Manipulating Hierarchically Defined Sets of Rectangles
source	40 p. : ill. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Computer Science, CMU., April, 1981. CMU-CS-81-109. includes bibliography
summary	Algorithms that manipulate sets of rectangles are of great practical importance in VLSI design systems and other applications. Although much theoretical work has appeared recently on the complexity of rectangle problems, it has assumed that the inputs are given as a list of rectangles. In this paper the authors study the complexity of rectangle problems when the inputs are given in a hierarchical language that allows the designer to build large designs by replicating small designs. They show that while most of the problems are NP-hard in the general case, there are O(N log N) algorithms that process inputs obeying certain restrictions
keywords	rectangles, algorithms, computational geometry, data structures
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4555
authors	Bergland, Glenn D. and Gordon, Ronald D.
year	1981
title	Tutorial : Software Design Strategies.--2nd. ed
source	vi, 479 p. Los Angeles: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1981. includes bibliography and permuted title index p.449-477
summary	A tutorial text attempting to clarify and focus on aspects of software design that have direct effect on the structure of the final program. Several major design strategies are developed and compared, including: traditional forms of functional decomposition, the data structure design method of Michael Jeckson, the data-flow design method of Larry Constantine, and the programming calculus of Edsger Dijkstra. The process of organizing and coordinating the efforts of the design team is also studied especially practices of top-down development, code walkthroughs, and design reviews are presented and evaluated
keywords	software, design, programming, techniques
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	91c4
authors	Checkland, P.
year	1981
title	Systems Thinking, Systems Practice
source	John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
summary	Whether by design, accident or merely synchronicity, Checkland appears to have developed a habit of writing seminal publications near the start of each decade which establish the basis and framework for systems methodology research for that decade."" Hamish Rennie, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1992 Thirty years ago Peter Checkland set out to test whether the Systems Engineering (SE) approach, highly successful in technical problems, could be used by managers coping with the unfolding complexities of organizational life. The straightforward transfer of SE to the broader situations of management was not possible, but by insisting on a combination of systems thinking strongly linked to real-world practice Checkland and his collaborators developed an alternative approach - Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - which enables managers of all kinds and at any level to deal with the subtleties and confusions of the situations they face. This work established the now accepted distinction between hard systems thinking, in which parts of the world are taken to be systems which can be engineered, and soft systems thinking in which the focus is on making sure the process of inquiry into real-world complexity is itself a system for learning. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (1981) and Soft Systems Methodology in Action (1990) together with an earlier paper Towards a Systems-based Methodology for Real-World Problem Solving (1972) have long been recognized as classics in the field. Now Peter Checkland has looked back over the three decades of SSM development, brought the account of it up to date, and reflected on the whole evolutionary process which has produced a mature SSM. SSM: A 30-Year Retrospective, here included with Systems Thinking, Systems Practice closes a chapter on what is undoubtedly the most significant single research programme on the use of systems ideas in problem solving. Now retired from full-time university work, Peter Checkland continues his research as a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow. "
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	a8ca
authors	Courtieux, Gerard
year	1981
title	Man Machine Interface Problems in Computer Aided Architectural Design
source	1981. pp. 231-250 : ill. includes bibliography. -- discussion (pp. 247-250)
summary	The author and two other researchers conducted a world-wide survey of existing computer aided architectural design programs in 1978. The purpose of the survey was to validate an earlier study of the architectural design process and to investigate problem areas in Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). The survey indicated that two problems of man machine interaction in CAAD, though partly solved, remain a challenge for computer scientists: the description and graphical representation of three-dimensional objects. The formalization of the information collected in the survey, together with the experience of the author in teaching computer graphics to architecture students for the past ten years, is used to give some insight in these two problems and to make some recommendations for the improvement of the man machine interface in CAAD
keywords	architecture, CAD, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	sigradi2009_1044
id	sigradi2009_1044
authors	Cruz, Débora Melo; Gabriela Celani
year	2009
title	A influência de Frank Lloyd Wright sobre João Batista Vilanova Artigas – uma análise formal [The Influence of Frank Lloyd Wright on João Batista Vilanova Artigas - A Formal Analysis]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	This study intends to propose a new use of the shape grammar: verify the influence of a certain architect’s language over another architect’s language. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics suggest the existence of an influence of Wright’s prairie houses over Artigas’ early work, but the methods used to reach to this conclusion are always empirical and not very objective. The present work aims to confirm this influence in a more rational manner, comparing Wright’s prairie houses grammar developed by Koning and Eizenberg (1981) to Artigas’ first phase grammar that will developed in this work.
keywords	Gramática da forma; F. L. Wright; J. V. Artigas
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	2f1a
authors	Dabney, M.K., Wright, J.C. and Sanders, D.H.
year	1999
title	Virtual Reality and the Future of Publishing Archaeological Excavations: the multimedia publication of the prehistoric settlement on Tsoungiza at Ancient Nemea
source	New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
summary	The Nemea Valley Archaeological Project is a study of settlement and land use in a regional valley system in Greece extending from the Upper Paleolithic until the present. Active field research was conducted by four teams between 1981 and 1990. The first component was a regional archaeological survey. Second, and closely related to the first, was a social anthropological study of modern settlement and land use. Next was a team assigned to excavate the succession of prehistoric settlements of Ancient Nemea on Tsoungiza. Last, historical ecologists, a palynologist, and a geologist formed the environmental component of the research. As a result of advances in electronic publishing, plans for the final publication of the Nemea Valley Archaeological Project have evolved. Complete publication of the excavation of the prehistoric settlements of Ancient Nemea on Tsoungiza will appear in an interactive multimedia format on CD/DVD in Fall 2000. This project is planned to be the first electronic publication of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. We have chosen to publish in electronic format because it will meet the needs and interests of a wider audience, including avocational archaeologists, advanced high school and college students, graduate students, and professional archaeologists. The multimedia format on CD/DVD will permit the inclusion of text, databases, color and black-and-white images, two and three-dimensional graphics, and videos. This publication is being developed in cooperation with Learning Sites, Inc., which specializes in interactive three-dimensional reconstructions of ancient worlds http://www.learningsites.com. The Nemea Valley Archaeological Project is particularly well prepared for the shift towards electronic publishing because the project's field records were designed for and entered in computer databases from the inception of the project. Attention to recording precise locational information for all excavated objects enables us to place reconstructions of objects in their reconstructed architectural settings. Three-dimensional images of architectural remains and associated features will appear both as excavated and as reconstructed. Viewers will be able to navigate these images through the use of virtual reality. Viewers will also be able to reference all original drawings, photographs, and descriptions of the reconstructed architecture and objects. In this way a large audience will be able to view architectural remains, artifacts, and information that are otherwise inaccessible.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	882d
authors	Eastman, Charles M. and Liu, Clive K.
year	1981
title	The C-MU Drafting System
source	September, 1981
summary	This document describes the objectives and design of a drafting system under development by the CAD-Graphics Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University
keywords	CAD, drafting, software
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	85bb
authors	Eastman, Charles M.
year	1981
title	Computers in Architecture, Design, and Fine and Performing Arts Education
source	5, [6] p. May, 1981
summary	In the next ten years it is expected that the processes and techniques for teaching design will greatly change. Feedback on design decisions - visually and analytically - will be fast and more powerful than is possible today. Much of the busy paper and pencil construction work will be eliminated or greatly reduced. The author anticipates students designing buildings and artifacts on the computer, quickly and with sophistication, achieving results beyond what can be expected through manually based education today. This proposal cannot realize this whole revolution. Rather, it attempts to only take a step outward from the neck of a funnel, showing people opportunities and providing a framework that allows easy extension. Some of these extensions, most of them trivial to develop, are presented in the scenario section of the proposal
keywords	architecture, design, education, CAD
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

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