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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	8d59
authors	Andersen, J.M.
year	1983
title	CAD in Architectural Practice
source	Mechanical Engineering. July, 1983. pp. 48-54 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	A leading architecture/engineering firm has made use of in- house computer system since 1963. This paper discusses some special topics in using computers for the design of HVAC systems, and the process of implementing CAD in the HVAC engineering practice
keywords	computer graphics, HVAC, applications, practice, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	8d5e
authors	Hayes-Roth, Frederick, Waterman, Donald A. and Lenat, Douglas B. (editors)
year	1983
title	Building Expert System
source	vii, 444 p. : ill
summary	Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub., 1983. 1: include bibliography: p. 405-420 -- (Teknowledge Series in Knowledge Engineering. Hayes-Roth, Frederick, series editor). This book is a collaboration of 38 expert system researchers and developers. It provides a broad introduction to the concepts and methods necessary for an understanding of how these systems work
keywords	AI, expert systems
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4843
authors	Lee, Y.C. and Fu, K.S.
year	1983
title	Integration of Solid Modeling and Data Base Management for CAD/CAM
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 367-373 : ill
summary	For the fast growing CAD/CAM technologies, geometric solid modeling plays one of the most important roles. In order to satisfy a variety of engineering applications, an integrated database management system based on solid modeling is highly desirable. In the proposed approach, a concise object representation scheme, Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG), is adopted as the basis for database design. The underlying generic relational model is found to be more adequate than the conventional relational model in characterizing the embedded data abstraction. A systematic method is devised for converting the CSG scheme into a generic model based on the BNF grammar which depicts the CSG scheme. A relational query language, SEQUEL, has been modified to define, control, and manipulate the flat relations which represent the highly structural generic model
keywords	integration, CSG, relational database, management, solid modeling, CAD, CAM
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a04f
authors	Smeltzer, G.T.A.
year	1983
title	Integration of Design Methods, Industrial Engineering and Informatics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.q8r
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.20-I.28
summary	With the composition of a new CAD education plan the opportunity presents itself to enter into new, valuable relationships with other faculties or faculty-units, at present already working in specific fields as computing or designing. Certain aspects, which are important for CAD-Education, have already been taught for a longer period before CAD became a special, recognized part in the curriculum of the faculty. Because the university cannot afford duplication anymore, and because a unit concerned with CAD cannot have all the necessary knowhow of all specialities at its own disposal, it is an important task of that unit to integrate relevant parts or aspects of faculty or unit-curricula.
keywords	CAD Education, Curriculum
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ceb1
authors	Maver, T.
year	1984
title	What is eCAADe?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.d0s
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
summary	The main interest of the organisation is to improve the design, teaching. The design remains the core of the professional education, while computer science can support a better understanding of the design methods. Computers should amplify the human capabilities like engines allowed to carry higher forces, radio and television enabled communication over larger distances and computers today should aid the human intellectual activities, to gain a better insight in design methodology, to investigate the design process.Design research should study more extensively how buildings behave, the integration and interaction of different disciplines which contribute to the optimization of a design and the design criteria. Computers could increase the possibility to satisfy building regulations, to access and update information, to model the design process and to understand how decisions affect the building quality (functional and economical as well as formal aspects). More effort and money should be spent on this research. The organisation has been sponsored by the EEC for bringing CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) educational material at the disposal of the design teachers. The Helsinki conference is the third European meeting (after Delft 1982 and Brussels 1983) which concentrates on information and experience exchange in CAAD-education and looks for common interests and collaboration. A specific joint study program works on typical audiovisual material and lecture notes, which will be updated according to teacher's needs. A demand has been done to implement an integrated CAAD package. eCAADe focuses to integrate computer approaches across country boundaries as well as across disciplinary boundaries, as to reach a higher quality of the design education.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	21d8
authors	Balas, Egon and Toth, Paolo
year	1983
title	Branch and Bound Methods for the Traveling Salesman Problem
source	December, 1983, 65 p. : ill., tables. Includes bibliography
summary	This paper reviews the state of the art in enumerative solution methods for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The introduction (Section 1) discusses the main ingredients of branch and bound methods for the TSP. Sections 2,3 and 4 discuss classes of methods based on three different relaxation of the TSP: the assignment problem with the TSP cost function, the 1-tree problem with a Lagrangean objective function, and the assignment problem with a lagrangean objective function. Section 5 briefly reviews some other relaxations of the TSP, while section 6 discusses the performance of some state of the art computer codes. Besides material from the literature, the paper also includes the results and statistical analysis of some computational experiments designed for the purposes of this review
keywords	relaxation, branch-and-bound, algorithms, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	41af
authors	Barnhill, Robert E.
year	1983
title	A Survey of the Representation and Design of Surfaces
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. October, 1983. vol. 3: pp. 9-16 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The approach of devising robust surface methods applicable to arbitrarily located data was taken by the CAGD Group at the University of Utah. Adopting two broad classes of methods suitable for solving the problems (i.e., problems for which simplifying geometric assumptions cannot be made): (1) surface interpolants defined over triangles or tetrahedra and (2) distance-weighted interpolants. Interactive computer graphics was used to display surfaces for adequate visualization. Although some figures were given, it must be kept in mind that some 3-D medium, or at least motion, is necessary to understand surfaces
keywords	computational geometry, computer graphics, representation, curved surfaces, mathematics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	a456
authors	Gould, J.D., Conti, J. and Hovanyecz, T.
year	1983
title	Composing Letters with a Simulated Listening Typewriter
source	Communications of the ACM. April, 1983. vol. 26: pp. 295-308 : ill. graphs, tables. includes bibliography
summary	With a listening typewriter, what an author says would be automatically recognized and displayed in front of him or her. However, speech recognition is not yet advanced enough to provide people with a reliable listening typewriter. An aim of the authors' experiments was to determine if an imperfect listening typewriter would be useful for composing letters. Participants dictated letters, either in isolated words or in consecutive word speech. They did this with simulations of listening typewriters that recognized either a limited vocabulary (1000 or 5000 words) or an unlimited vocabulary. Results suggest that some versions, even upon first using them, could be at least as good as traditional methods of handwriting and dictating. Isolated word speech with large vocabularies may provide the basis for a useful listening typewriter
keywords	natural languages, applications, systems, business, AI
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	86cb
authors	Bell, John
year	1983
title	Designers Get the Picture
source	New Scientist March, 1983. pp. 815-[822] : col. ill.
summary	One firm that had installed a CAD system is the Somerset Shoemaker Clarks Ltd. It took four years to develop the software that was developed by CADCenter in Cambridge. The article describes the program and the process of shoemaking
keywords	CAD, practice, engineering
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	2e0a
authors	Besant, C.B.
year	1983
title	Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture. -- 2nd. ed
source	232 p. : ill. Chicester [West Sussex], New York: Halsted Press, 1983. includes bibliography and index -- (Ellis Horwood Series in Engineering Science)
summary	An introduction to computing as an aid to design and manufacture. Provides description of hardware and software of CAD systems, discusses their use in engineering drafting
keywords	drafting, hardware, software, CAD, CAM, practice
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	8b75
authors	Cullen, Ian
year	1983
title	Expert Systems in Architectural and Planning Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.a7j
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. IV.1-IV.15
summary	The paper discusses the problems and possibilities of a project initiated recently within the Bartlett in the general area of knowledge engineering. The aim is to assemble a set of knowledge bases which may be explored interactively by students. The system will differ from traditional CAL packages in that it will be both problem oriented - designed to extract from the students the information required to reach a specific decision - and capable of providing an explanation of its approach at any point.
keywords	Knowledge Engineering
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4052
authors	Gero, John S., Akiner , Tuncer V. and Radford, Antony D.
year	1983
title	What's What and What's Where : Knowledge Engineering in the Representation of Building by Computer
source	1983. 205-215 pp. : ill. floor planes. include a short bibliography
summary	Knowledge engineering allows for the encoding of both numeric and symbolic knowledge as inferences. It provides a fundamentally different means of representing buildings than do traditional data structures and databases. A prototypical knowledge engineering reasoning system which reasons about topological relationships, geometric entities and attributes of buildings is described. It is applied in the analysis of an existing small hotel. Using knowledge engineering we can expect future CAAD system to be different to the one with which we have become familiar
keywords	building, representation, reasoning, knowledge, analysis, evaluation, systems
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	27f4
authors	Holtz, Neal M. and Rasdorf, William J.
year	1983
title	LISP - A CAD System Programming Language
source	Journal of Technical Topics in Civil Engineers. April, 1983. vol. 109: pp. 58-72
summary	LISP may currently be the best programming language to use for the development of engineering computer-aided design (CAD) systems. While languages like FORTRAN represent important advances over their predecessors, it may be that a single static programming language will never be completely adequate for engineering programming. What is needed is a language that can evolve in response to changing needs. This paper is concerned with the programming languages that support CAD systems. The choice of such a programming language significantly influences the flavor of the product derived from that language. The language should provide a style of interaction and a programming environment that is a good model for software developers. At the very least, this will lead to a consistency among most programs developed using that language. The language should also help reduce program complexity and permit one to program at the level of application concepts, rather than at the level of memory locations. LISP or LISP-like languages provide perhaps our greatest opportunity for reducing program complexity to manageable proportions. More importantly, the systems are of better quality when they reflect the style provided by LISP; they tend to be more easily tailored to the needs of individual users
keywords	CAD, LISP, languages, programming, engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6eaa
authors	O’Connell, Dermot
year	1983
title	An Educational Strategy for CAAD and its Implementation in a New System with a Sophisticated Interface
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.i0c
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.1-I.19
summary	Reasons are examined for the slower uptake of CAD in architecture than in engineering. An appropriate response to Computer-Aided Architectural Design is overdue from the educational sector. Schools of Architecture should put CAAD to the forefront in their plans, taking an ambitious long-term view and aiming for high-quality system design to anticipate the industry's drive to produce first-class equipment progressively more cheaply. Schools should press for changes in the way facilities are supplied to them. They should discard obsolete software, buy software commercially, stick to what they can do best, and plan for concomitant changes across the curriculum. A new CAAD system with the emphasis on the design interface being implemented in UCD School of Architecture is briefly described.
keywords	CAAD, System Design
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	46b2
authors	Rasdorf, William J. and Fenves, Stephen J.
year	1983
title	Organization of a Structural Design Database
source	Electronic Computation Conference Proceedings (8th : 1983 : Houston, TX). American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 559-571. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	This paper proposes a database schema that supports structural engineering design of buildings. An evaluation and comparison of hierarchical, network, and relational databases shows that relational databases are especially suited to a structural engineering design database. The proposed database schema represents the complex relationships between the components of a building-design database. The schema consists of a structural system hierarchy that relates abstract database components to basic building elements. In addition, it combines topology with attributes to achieve an integration that allows the representation of a broad range of common building configurations and structural systems. The user can combine a basic set of constructs to generate either a general or a very detailed description of a structure. The high degree of integration of topology and attributes yields a database that possesses desirable relational characteristics. The database provides efficient access to components based both on their location and on their attribute values. It also allows the user to add, delete, retrieve, and modify database components and values. The versatility and flexibility of the relational model make it a useful tool for managing building engineering data
keywords	building, details, database, civil engineering, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c832
authors	Rinderle, J.R. and Suh, N.P.
year	1983
title	Measures of Functional Coupling in Design
source	Pittsburgh, PA: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983. 6 p. : some ill. includes bibliography
summary	Algebraic and geometric representations of the general design problem are presented. Quantitative measures of functional coupling in design are developed from this representation which provide valuable insight into the significance of the independence axiom of design. These theoretical measures are applied to Reaction Injection Molding machinery to illustrate the concept of functional independence and the application of quantitative measures of functional coupling
keywords	design, theory, mechanical engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6e1a
authors	Tokumasu, Shinji, Kunitomo, Yoshio and Ohta, Yosimi (et al)
year	1983
title	Solid Model in Geometric Modeling System : HICAD
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 360-366 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The geometric modeling system plays an important role in CAD for mechanical engineering. This paper presents the general purposed conversational geometric modeling system HICAD, which has been developed to confirm the integrated CAD. The HICAD is a generalized geometric model which includes three of the typical geometric modelling, i.e., the implementation method of solid model is especially discussed with the summary of whole system
keywords	solid modeling, geometric modeling, CAD
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	808b
authors	Wyleczuk, Rosanne, Meyer, Lynn and Babcock, Gigi
year	1983
title	The Transfer of University Software for Industry Use
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 756-760. includes bibliography
summary	Computer-aided engineering software is generated in abundance in educational institutions. As a major source of design automation software, universities have a lot to offer: a progressive research environment; a seemingly inexhaustible supply of software engineers in the form of undergraduates, graduate engineers, and professors; and a no-risk, multi- disciplinary design lab for experimentation. For these reasons, university software is being widely sought for use in production/commercial environments. This paper examines the interface between industry and the universities during the transfer of design automation software. A printed circuit board router, a graphics subroutine library, and a circuit simulation program are used to illustrate issues arising from the technology transfer. Guidelines to increase the likelihood of success in such transfers of software are provided
keywords	industry, engineering, software, CAE, education, technology, communication
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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