Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	0d6d
authors	Doyle, Jon
year	1983
title	Admissible State Semantics for Representational Systems
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE computer society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 119-122. includes bibliography
summary	A clear semantic is one of the most important requirements in designing representational systems. This article indicates how many kinds of informal semantics can be transformed directly into formal semantics of no greater complexity. The author focuses on the meaning rather than on the expression within a particular logical language. The distinction of the meaning of mental components from general ecological meaning is done by the name admissible state semantics, leaving the specification of external meaning to the standard tools of model theory. The method of admissible state semantic is simple, resembling the usual explanations of intended meanings given by system designers. The designer explains the meaning of one representation in terms of its relations to other representation in the system. Examples are given
keywords	logic, languages, representation, systems, semantics
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	4b8e
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E. and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1983
title	Shape Operation : An Algorithm For Binary Combining Boundary Model Solids
source	November, 1983. 30 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The attractiveness of shape operators to end-users of geometric modeling systems stems from their intuitive clarity. Their implementation, however, is one of the most difficult algorithms in computational geometry. This complexity is further increased by the special properties of surfaces, such as orientation, that places the algorithm in the domain of manifold theory more than of set theory. A theoretical base for applying the set-theoretic operators of union, intersection and difference to spatial domains is presented, along with an algorithm that is successful in negotiating these complexities and all their special cases (in particular the presence of coincidental surfaces). The general principles of representing solids through their bounding surfaces and topics in manifold theory and boolean algebra relevant to understanding the algorithm are also discussed. The algorithm has been successfully implemented in three different geometric modeling systems over a period of four years. Some example of its application are included
keywords	algorithms, boolean operations, solid modeling, B-rep, geometric modeling, topology
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:18

_id	8b75
authors	Cullen, Ian
year	1983
title	Expert Systems in Architectural and Planning Education
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. IV.1-IV.15
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.a7j
summary	The paper discusses the problems and possibilities of a project initiated recently within the Bartlett in the general area of knowledge engineering. The aim is to assemble a set of knowledge bases which may be explored interactively by students. The system will differ from traditional CAL packages in that it will be both problem oriented - designed to extract from the students the information required to reach a specific decision - and capable of providing an explanation of its approach at any point.
keywords	Knowledge Engineering
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	b190
authors	Goldberg, Adele and Robson, David
year	1983
title	Smalltalk-80: The language and its implementation
source	New York, NY: Addison Wesley Co
summary	Smalltalk-80 is the classic standard Smalltalk language as described in Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation by Goldberg and Robson. This book is commonly called "the Blue Book". Squeak implements the dialect of Smalltalk described in this book, but has a different implementation. Overview of the Smalltalk Language Smalltalk is a general purpose, high level programming language. It was the first original "pure" object oriented language, but not the first to use the object oriented concept, which is credited to Simula 67. The explosive growth of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) technologies began in the early 1980's, with Smalltalk's introduction. Behind it was the idea that the individual human user should be the most important component of any computing system, and that programming should be a natural extension of thinking, and also a dynamic and evolutionary process consistent with the model of human learning activity. In Smalltalk, these ideas are embodied in a framework for human-computer communication. In a sense, Smalltalk is yet another language like C and Pascal, and programs can be written in Smalltalk that have the look and feel of such conventional languages. The difference lies * in the amount of code that can be reduced, * less cryptic syntax, * and code that is easier to handle for application maintenance and enhancement. But Smalltalk's most powerful feature is easy code reuse. Smalltalk makes reuse of programs, routines, and subroutines (methods) far easier. Though procedural languages allow reuse too, it is harder to do, and much easier to cheat. It is no surprise that Smalltalk is relatively easy to learn, mainly due to its simple syntax and semantics, as well as few concepts. Objects, classes, messages, and methods form the basis of programming in Smalltalk. The general methodology to use Smalltalk The notion of human-computer interface also results in Smalltalk promoting the development of safer systems. Errors in Smalltalk may be viewed as objects telling users that confusion exists as to how to perform a desired function.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	cbe9
authors	Jacob, Robert J.K.
year	1983
title	Using Formal Specifications in the Design of a Human-Computer Interface
source	Communications of the ACM April, 1983. vol. 26: pp. 259-264 : diagrams. includes bibliography.
summary	Formal specification techniques are valuable in software development because they permit a designer to describe the external behavior of a system precisely without specifying its internal implementation. Although formal specifications have been applied to many areas of software systems, they have not been widely used for specifying user interfaces. In the Military Message System project at the Naval Research Laboratory, the user interfaces as well as the other components of a family of message systems are specified formally, and prototypes are then implemented from the specifications. This paper illustrates the specification of the user interface module for the family of message systems. It then surveys specification techniques that can be applied to human-computer interfaces and divides the techniques into two categories: those based on state transition diagrams and those based on BNF. Examples of both types of specifications are given. Specification notations based on state transition diagrams are preferable to those based on BNF because the former capture the surface structure of the user interface more perspicuously. In either notation, high-level abstraction for describing the semantics of the user interface is needed, and an application-specific one is used here
keywords	user interface, design, theory
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	cb5f
authors	Kant, Elaine and Newell, Allen
year	1983
title	An Automatic Algorithm Designer : An Initial Implementation
source	Design Research Center, CMU, May, 1983. 10 p. includes bibliography
summary	This paper outlines a specification for an algorithm-design system (based on previous work involving protocol analysis) and describes an implementation of the specification that is a combination frame and production system. In the implementation, design occurs in two problem spaces: one about algorithms and one about the task domain. The partially worked out algorithms are represented as configurations of data-flow components. A small number of general purpose operators construct and modify the representations. These operators are adapted to different situations by instantiation and means-ends analysis rules. The data-flow space also includes symbolic and test-case execution rules that drive the component-refinement process by exposing both problems and opportunities. A domain space about geometric images supports test-case execution, domain-specific problem solving, recognition and discovery
keywords	algorithms, design, systems, synthesis, automation, protocol analysis, frames, discovery, problem solving
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	46b2
authors	Rasdorf, William J. and Fenves, Stephen J.
year	1983
title	Organization of a Structural Design Database
source	Electronic Computation Conference Proceedings (8th : 1983 : Houston, TX). American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 559-571. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	This paper proposes a database schema that supports structural engineering design of buildings. An evaluation and comparison of hierarchical, network, and relational databases shows that relational databases are especially suited to a structural engineering design database. The proposed database schema represents the complex relationships between the components of a building-design database. The schema consists of a structural system hierarchy that relates abstract database components to basic building elements. In addition, it combines topology with attributes to achieve an integration that allows the representation of a broad range of common building configurations and structural systems. The user can combine a basic set of constructs to generate either a general or a very detailed description of a structure. The high degree of integration of topology and attributes yields a database that possesses desirable relational characteristics. The database provides efficient access to components based both on their location and on their attribute values. It also allows the user to add, delete, retrieve, and modify database components and values. The versatility and flexibility of the relational model make it a useful tool for managing building engineering data
keywords	building, details, database, civil engineering, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c832
authors	Rinderle, J.R. and Suh, N.P.
year	1983
title	Measures of Functional Coupling in Design
source	Pittsburgh, PA: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983. 6 p. : some ill. includes bibliography
summary	Algebraic and geometric representations of the general design problem are presented. Quantitative measures of functional coupling in design are developed from this representation which provide valuable insight into the significance of the independence axiom of design. These theoretical measures are applied to Reaction Injection Molding machinery to illustrate the concept of functional independence and the application of quantitative measures of functional coupling
keywords	design, theory, mechanical engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e2f9
authors	Schmidt, Joachim W. and Brodie, Michael L. (editors)
year	1983
title	Relational Database Systems : Analysis and Comparison
source	xiii, 618 p. New York: Springer-Verlag Pub. Co., 1983. includes bibliography: p. [609]-618
summary	An analysis of 14 RDBMS. A detailed catalogue is used to compare the relational databases systems (RDBMS) and their features. It provides generic information that can be used to evaluate RDBMS or DBMS in general
keywords	DBMS, information, evaluation, management, practice, software, systems, relational database
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	bacd
authors	Abadí Abbo, Isaac
year	1999
title	APPLICATION OF SPATIAL DESIGN ABILITY IN A POSTGRADUATE COURSE
source	Full-scale Modeling and the Simulation of Light [Proceedings of the 7th European Full-scale Modeling Association Conference / ISBN 3-85437-167-5] Florence (Italy) 18-20 February 1999, pp. 75-82
summary	Spatial Design Ability (SDA) has been defined by the author (1983) as the capacity to anticipate the effects (psychological impressions) that architectural spaces or its components produce in observers or users. This concept, which requires the evaluation of spaces by the people that uses it, was proposed as a guideline to a Masters Degree Course in Architectural Design at the Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes in Mexico. The theory and the exercises required for the experience needed a model that could simulate spaces in terms of all the variables involved. Full-scale modeling as has been tested in previous research, offered the most effective mean to experiment with space. A simple, primitive model was designed and built: an articulated ceiling that allows variation in height and shape, and a series of wooden panels for the walls and structure. Several exercises were carried out, mainly to experience cause -effect relationships between space and the psychological impressions they produce. Students researched into spatial taxonomy, intentional sequences of space and spatial character. Results showed that students achieved the expected anticipation of space and that full-scale modeling, even with a simple model, proved to be an effective tool for this purpose. The low cost of the model and the short time it took to be built, opens an important possibility for Institutions involved in architectural studies, both as a research and as a learning tool.
keywords	Spatial Design Ability, Architectural Space, User Evaluation, Learning, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 11:27

_id	2387
authors	Akin, Omer, Baykan, Can D. and Rao, Radha D.
year	1983
title	Searching in the UNIX Directory
source	December, 1983. 19 p. : ill., tables. includes bibliography
summary	The structure of the directory space and subjects search behaviors in the UNIX operating system environment are examined. Protocol analysis with two subjects and survey of the contents of the directory space of all users of E-VAX and X-VAX systems in the Architecture and Computer Science Systems at Carnegie Mellon University were conducted. Depth first search characterized both the organization of the directories and the behavior of the subjects. Single step as opposed to multiple step traversal of the directory tree was also prevalent in the subject`s behaviors. Recommendations for system friendliness, in term of reusability, orientation, robustness, and consistency are developed
keywords	UNIX, user interface, protocol analysis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8d59
authors	Andersen, J.M.
year	1983
title	CAD in Architectural Practice
source	Mechanical Engineering. July, 1983. pp. 48-54 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	A leading architecture/engineering firm has made use of in- house computer system since 1963. This paper discusses some special topics in using computers for the design of HVAC systems, and the process of implementing CAD in the HVAC engineering practice
keywords	computer graphics, HVAC, applications, practice, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e118
authors	Balas, Egon
year	1983
title	Disjunctive Programming and a Hierarchy of Relaxations for Discrete Optimization Problems
source	December, 1983. 38 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The author discuss a new conceptual framework for the convexification of discrete optimization problems, and a general technique for obtaining approximations to the convex hull of the feasible set. The concepts come from disjunctive programming and the key tool is a description of the convex hull of a union of polyhedra in terms of a higher dimensional polyhedron. Although this description was known for several years, only recently was it shown by Jeroslow and Lowe to yield improved representations of discrete optimization problems. The author expresses the feasible set of a discrete optimization problem as the intersection (conjunction) of unions of polyhedra, and define an operation that takes one such expression into another, equivalent one, with fewer conjuncts. He then introduces a class of relaxations based on replacing each conjunct (union of polyhedra) by its convex hull. The strength of the relaxations increases as the number of conjuncts decreases, and the class of relaxations forms a hierarchy that spans the spectrum between the common linear programming relaxation, and the convex hull of the feasible set itself. Instances where this approach presents advantages include critical path problems in disjunctive graphs, network synthesis problems, certain fixed charge network flow problems, etc. The approach on the first of these problems is illustrated, which is a model for machine sequencing
keywords	polyhedra, computational geometry, optimization, programming, convex hull, graphs
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	2e0a
authors	Besant, C.B.
year	1983
title	Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture. -- 2nd. ed
source	232 p. : ill. Chicester [West Sussex], New York: Halsted Press, 1983. includes bibliography and index -- (Ellis Horwood Series in Engineering Science)
summary	An introduction to computing as an aid to design and manufacture. Provides description of hardware and software of CAD systems, discusses their use in engineering drafting
keywords	drafting, hardware, software, CAD, CAM, practice
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0105
authors	Bossan, Mario and Ronchi, Alfredo M.
year	1989
title	Presentazione Esperienza Didattica del Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali - Politecnico di Milano
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.8.1-9.8.19
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.x4i
summary	Didactic and research experience developed at the "Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali del Politecnico di Milano" in the environment of Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). From the early part of the 1980's, using initially at an experimental level the resources available at the departmental centre of calculation various applications of CAD techniques in the building sector have been effected at DISET (Dipartimento di Ingegneria del Politecnico di Milano). During 1983, after a three year period of experimenting with these systems, it was decided to organise and activate a small computer aided design centre, within the department, the use of which was reserved for dissertation and research students.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	8c67
authors	Brachman, Ronald J., Levesque, Hector J. and Fikes, Richard E.
year	1983
title	Krypton : A Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 67-73 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	While the basic ideas of frame systems are straight forward, complication arise in their design. A design strategy was developed and have been implemented in a representation system called Krypton. Krypton distinguishes between definitional and factual information by using both frame- based and logic-based languages. The result is a system defined in functional not structural terms
keywords	AI, frames, knowledge, representation, systems
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	88b6
authors	Campello, Ruy Eduardo and Maculan, Nelson
year	1983
title	A Lower Bound to the Set Partitioning Problem with Side Constraints
source	24 p. : ill. Pittsburgh: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983 DRC-70-20-83. includes bibliography.
summary	A Lagrangean relaxation approach is proposed to provide a lower bound on the optimal solution of the set partitioning problem with side constraints, which is a general methodology to solve a combinatorial optimization problem. This Lagrangean relaxation approach is accomplished by a subgradient optimization procedure which solves at each iteration a special 0-1 knapsack problem. The approach seems to be promising since it produces feasible integer solutions to the side constraints that can hopefully be the optimal solution to most of the instances of the set partitioning problem with side constraints
keywords	mathematics, operations research, relaxation, algorithms, combinatorics, optimization, constraints
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

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