Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	4d66
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1983
title	A Relational Database for Non-Manipulative Representation of Solid Objects
source	Computer Aided Design September, 1983. vol. 15: pp. 271-276 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	Being the heart of any solid modeling system, much effort has been spent on formulating the data models which represent the shape of a polyhedral solid object within the computer in an accurate, unique and complete manner. This paper presents an example relational model as a complementary logical schema for viewing the shape database. It facilitates compact storage and supports non-manipulative query operations through the projection, selection and join operators defined for the relational model, without requiring expert knowledge of the manipulative structure. The flexibility of the relational model, compared with that of the hierarchical, manipulative one, allows easy extensibility and the association of non- geometric attributes with each data item
keywords	solid modeling, polyhedra, relational database, representation
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e26b
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1983
title	Modeling Polyhedral Solids Bounded by Multi-Curved Parametric Surfaces
source	Computer Aided Design May, 1983. Vol. 15: pp. 141-146 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	An integrated solids modelling system for representing and manipulating objects bounded by bicubic parametric surfaces is presented. Its basic capabilities include the representation of solids through a surface based model, such that the surface underlying any face can be replaced by another surface that has been modelled independently. Other functionalities include scaling, rotation and translation of shapes and their pairwise combination into more complex shapes by means of spatial set operators. This approach integrates within a single system the representation and manipulation of polyhedral solids bounded by multi-curved parametric surfaces, thereby combining solid modelling with surface modelling techniques
keywords	solid modeling, curves, curved surfaces, integration, systems, B-rep, intersection, boolean operations
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	b190
authors	Goldberg, Adele and Robson, David
year	1983
title	Smalltalk-80: The language and its implementation
source	New York, NY: Addison Wesley Co
summary	Smalltalk-80 is the classic standard Smalltalk language as described in Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation by Goldberg and Robson. This book is commonly called "the Blue Book". Squeak implements the dialect of Smalltalk described in this book, but has a different implementation. Overview of the Smalltalk Language Smalltalk is a general purpose, high level programming language. It was the first original "pure" object oriented language, but not the first to use the object oriented concept, which is credited to Simula 67. The explosive growth of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) technologies began in the early 1980's, with Smalltalk's introduction. Behind it was the idea that the individual human user should be the most important component of any computing system, and that programming should be a natural extension of thinking, and also a dynamic and evolutionary process consistent with the model of human learning activity. In Smalltalk, these ideas are embodied in a framework for human-computer communication. In a sense, Smalltalk is yet another language like C and Pascal, and programs can be written in Smalltalk that have the look and feel of such conventional languages. The difference lies * in the amount of code that can be reduced, * less cryptic syntax, * and code that is easier to handle for application maintenance and enhancement. But Smalltalk's most powerful feature is easy code reuse. Smalltalk makes reuse of programs, routines, and subroutines (methods) far easier. Though procedural languages allow reuse too, it is harder to do, and much easier to cheat. It is no surprise that Smalltalk is relatively easy to learn, mainly due to its simple syntax and semantics, as well as few concepts. Objects, classes, messages, and methods form the basis of programming in Smalltalk. The general methodology to use Smalltalk The notion of human-computer interface also results in Smalltalk promoting the development of safer systems. Errors in Smalltalk may be viewed as objects telling users that confusion exists as to how to perform a desired function.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	610b
authors	Hall, R.N.
year	1983
title	The Use of Gable OMS (Object Modelling System) in the Building Design ProcessThe Use of Gable OMS (Object Modelling System) in the Building Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.b6t
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. III.1-III.18
summary	GABLE CAD SYSTEMS comprise a suite of integrated sub-systems, one of which is OMS. The use of OMS in the development of a building design enables three dimensional graphical modelling of objects associated with buildings. Thus furniture, fittings and fixtures may be located within any room in a building or outside a building or in relation to other groups of objects unrelated to a building. Once located, objects and building may be seen in 2D plan and elevation/section projection or 3D projection (perspectives, axonometrics, isometrics, etc.). In this way furniture, people, cars, trees,landscape objects may all be modelled and graphically represented in addition to the modelling capabilities enabled using GABLE BMS (Building Modelling System). These graphically represented 2D and 3D views of objects can then be passed into GABLE IDS for further embellishment, annotation or dimensioning to produce detailed working drawings.
keywords	Three Dimensional Graphical Modelling
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	6259
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E. and Majkowski, Bruce R.
year	1990
title	CAD Technology Transfer: A Case Study
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1990.133
source	From Research to Practice [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Big Sky (Montana - USA) 4-6 October 1990, pp. 133-143
summary	Transferring innovative university-based research results to the industry or practice that will ultimately use them is an arduous, time-consuming effort. One way to effect this technology transfer is to develop a demonstrable prototype product and then find or form a corporation that can expand the prototype into a full product and market it to the profession. Another way, which can shorten the transfer process, is to "sell" the idea, rather than the product, to a corporation that has the vision, the resources and the technical competency to support its development, with the intent to eventually market it. In this paper, we describe a case study of this latter approach, based on our seven year experience of researching, developing and transferring innovative architectural CAD technology. We describe the birth, growth, and maturity of Worldview, a computer-aided design and modeling system for use by architects. The project was initiated in 1983, and went through five software versions, numerous grants and grant extensions, two granting corporations, and extensive field testing. The software has developed into a mature system, with sufficient functionality appropriate for commercial distribution. The paper describes not only the factual chronology of the project, but also highlights the advantages and drawbacks of market-oriented university research. We conclude with suggestions as to how the process may be improved, and how problems and obstacles can be minimized.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	4843
authors	Lee, Y.C. and Fu, K.S.
year	1983
title	Integration of Solid Modeling and Data Base Management for CAD/CAM
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 367-373 : ill
summary	For the fast growing CAD/CAM technologies, geometric solid modeling plays one of the most important roles. In order to satisfy a variety of engineering applications, an integrated database management system based on solid modeling is highly desirable. In the proposed approach, a concise object representation scheme, Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG), is adopted as the basis for database design. The underlying generic relational model is found to be more adequate than the conventional relational model in characterizing the embedded data abstraction. A systematic method is devised for converting the CSG scheme into a generic model based on the BNF grammar which depicts the CSG scheme. A relational query language, SEQUEL, has been modified to define, control, and manipulate the flat relations which represent the highly structural generic model
keywords	integration, CSG, relational database, management, solid modeling, CAD, CAM
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6eaa
authors	O’Connell, Dermot
year	1983
title	An Educational Strategy for CAAD and its Implementation in a New System with a Sophisticated Interface
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.i0c
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.1-I.19
summary	Reasons are examined for the slower uptake of CAD in architecture than in engineering. An appropriate response to Computer-Aided Architectural Design is overdue from the educational sector. Schools of Architecture should put CAAD to the forefront in their plans, taking an ambitious long-term view and aiming for high-quality system design to anticipate the industry's drive to produce first-class equipment progressively more cheaply. Schools should press for changes in the way facilities are supplied to them. They should discard obsolete software, buy software commercially, stick to what they can do best, and plan for concomitant changes across the curriculum. A new CAAD system with the emphasis on the design interface being implemented in UCD School of Architecture is briefly described.
keywords	CAAD, System Design
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	a3b0
authors	Schubert, Lenhart K., Papalaskaris, Mary Angela and Taugher, Lay
year	1983
title	Determining Type, Part, Color, and Time Relationships
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 53-60 : ill. Includes bibliography
summary	Several kinds of inference problems arise constantly in question-answering processes, which without special handling can absorb large computational resources. One kind requires determining how two types of things are related, others require determining these or similar relationships among parts of objects, color or times. As people we are equippedÔ h) 000*°° ÔŒ with certain sensory organs, we have special ways of modeling our perception of color, categorizing and cross-correlating the entities whose localization in space and persistence in time renders them cognitively coherent and of analyzing spatial properties, such as parts structure. To match our cognitive skills AI system will need analogous special methods. The methods described in this paper are designed to supplement a deductive question-answering algorithm that is now operational. The algorithm draws on a base of logical propositions organized as semantic net
keywords	semantic networks, AI, inference, perception, cognition, color, patterns, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	20d4
id	20d4
authors	Sequin, Carlo H. and P.S. Strauss
year	1983
title	UNIGRAFIX
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 374-381 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	UNIGRAFIX is a three-dimensional graphics modeling environment that runs under the UNIX operating system. It comprises a terse, human-readable descriptive language that allows scene files of complex objects to be created with little overhead. These scenes can be used as input to a set of UNIGRAFIX programs which can be run either as separate functional units, or from within the interactive UNIGRAFIX environment. Programs are available to transform and illuminate the scene descriptions and to display them in a variety of styles on various output devices. The built-in hidden-face and hidden-line elimination routines use a scan- line algorithm which makes strong use of scan-line coherence as well as object coherence.
series	CADline
type	normal paper
last changed	2005/10/05 07:42

_id	6e1a
authors	Tokumasu, Shinji, Kunitomo, Yoshio and Ohta, Yosimi (et al)
year	1983
title	Solid Model in Geometric Modeling System : HICAD
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 360-366 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The geometric modeling system plays an important role in CAD for mechanical engineering. This paper presents the general purposed conversational geometric modeling system HICAD, which has been developed to confirm the integrated CAD. The HICAD is a generalized geometric model which includes three of the typical geometric modelling, i.e., the implementation method of solid model is especially discussed with the summary of whole system
keywords	solid modeling, geometric modeling, CAD
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	abb6
authors	Woodbury, Robert F. and Glass, Gregory John
year	1983
title	VEGA : A Geometric Modelling System
source	11 p. : ill. December, 1983. DRC- 48-04-83. includes bibliography
summary	VEGA is an interactive geometric modelling system which has been developed at Carnegie-mellon University primarily for education in architecture and the arts. Its educational use is twofold: first as a medium for description and manipulation of form to aid in creative work and second as a base package of procedures that may be used by advanced architecture students in the creation of specialized modelling packages. VEGA is written in PASCAL. There are versions of VEGA currently running on VAX 11/780 computer under the UNIX and VMS operating systems. VEGA has been designed to run on a stand-alone personal computer. Currently VEGA is being converted to run on Sun Microsystems and PERQ machines. VEGA is used in the undergraduate curriculum of the School of Architecture at Carnegie-Mellon University. Its primary use to date has been as a means to introduce geometric modelling to architecture students who have minimal computer experience. VEGA may be viewed as a complete geometric modelling package or as a programming aid for development of special purpose geometric modelling programs. To date, one such specialized system, a robot arm design package, has been created as a student project. The development of the VEGA system is continuing. Current areas of interest include the development of more powerful geometric operations on polyhedra, parametric shapes and assemblies, instancing of sub- assemblies, user definition of primitive shapes and an interactive macro language for the manipulation of form
keywords	assemblies, user interface, modeling, polyhedra, CAD, education, architecture, geometric modeling, solid modeling
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e118
authors	Balas, Egon
year	1983
title	Disjunctive Programming and a Hierarchy of Relaxations for Discrete Optimization Problems
source	December, 1983. 38 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The author discuss a new conceptual framework for the convexification of discrete optimization problems, and a general technique for obtaining approximations to the convex hull of the feasible set. The concepts come from disjunctive programming and the key tool is a description of the convex hull of a union of polyhedra in terms of a higher dimensional polyhedron. Although this description was known for several years, only recently was it shown by Jeroslow and Lowe to yield improved representations of discrete optimization problems. The author expresses the feasible set of a discrete optimization problem as the intersection (conjunction) of unions of polyhedra, and define an operation that takes one such expression into another, equivalent one, with fewer conjuncts. He then introduces a class of relaxations based on replacing each conjunct (union of polyhedra) by its convex hull. The strength of the relaxations increases as the number of conjuncts decreases, and the class of relaxations forms a hierarchy that spans the spectrum between the common linear programming relaxation, and the convex hull of the feasible set itself. Instances where this approach presents advantages include critical path problems in disjunctive graphs, network synthesis problems, certain fixed charge network flow problems, etc. The approach on the first of these problems is illustrated, which is a model for machine sequencing
keywords	polyhedra, computational geometry, optimization, programming, convex hull, graphs
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	8d59
authors	Andersen, J.M.
year	1983
title	CAD in Architectural Practice
source	Mechanical Engineering. July, 1983. pp. 48-54 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	A leading architecture/engineering firm has made use of in- house computer system since 1963. This paper discusses some special topics in using computers for the design of HVAC systems, and the process of implementing CAD in the HVAC engineering practice
keywords	computer graphics, HVAC, applications, practice, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	4491
authors	Bouyat, M., H. Botta and Vignat, J. C.
year	1983
title	VERDI : A Computer Aided Design System for Development and City Planning
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 382-385 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The system presented is a CAD system for use in planning road and other facility networks. Taking a draft master plan as its point of departure the system makes it possible: (1) To plan in a dynamic fashion since it permits the back-and-forth study of the interconnections between the design of the master plan and network design; (2) to preserve, from one work session to another, data that has already been acquired and calculated; (3) to make relevant technical evaluations in the following three fields: earthworks, roads, and sewage networks
keywords	CAD, urban planning, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6647
authors	Buxton, W., M.R. Lamb and Sherman, D. (et al)
year	1983
title	Towards a Comprehensive User Interface Management System
source	computer Graphics. July, 1983. vol. 17: pp. 35-42 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A UIMS developed at the University of Toronto is presented. The system has two main components. The first is a set of tools to support the design and implementation of interactive graphics programs. The second is a run-time support package which handles interactions between the system and the user (things such as hit detection, event detection, screen updates, and procedure invocation), and provides facilities for logging user interactions for later protocol analysis. The design / implementation tool is a preprocessor, called MENULAY, which permits the applications programmer to use interactive graphics techniques to design graphics menus and their functionality. The output of this preprocessor is high- level code which can be compiled with application-specific routines. User interactions with the resulting executable module are then handled by the run-time support package. The presentation works through an example from design to execution in a step-by-step manner
keywords	software, user interface, management, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	e7b8
authors	Dahl, Veronica
year	1983
title	Logic Programming as a Representation of Knowledge
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 106-110 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Logic has traditionally provided a firm conceptual framework for representing knowledge. As it can formally deal with the notion of logical consequence, the introduction of Prolog has made it possible to represent knowledge in terms of logic and also to expect appropriate inferences to be drawn from it automatically. This article illustrates and explores these ideas with respect to two central representational issues: problem solving knowledge and database knowledge. The technical aspects of both subjects have been covered elsewhere (Kowalski, R. Logic for problem solving, North- Holland pub. 1979 ; Dahl, V. on database system development through logic ACM Trans.vol.7/no.3/Mar.1982 pp.102). This explanation uses simple, nontechnical terms
keywords	PROLOG, knowledge, representation, logic, programming, problem solving, database
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	0d6d
authors	Doyle, Jon
year	1983
title	Admissible State Semantics for Representational Systems
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE computer society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 119-122. includes bibliography
summary	A clear semantic is one of the most important requirements in designing representational systems. This article indicates how many kinds of informal semantics can be transformed directly into formal semantics of no greater complexity. The author focuses on the meaning rather than on the expression within a particular logical language. The distinction of the meaning of mental components from general ecological meaning is done by the name admissible state semantics, leaving the specification of external meaning to the standard tools of model theory. The method of admissible state semantic is simple, resembling the usual explanations of intended meanings given by system designers. The designer explains the meaning of one representation in terms of its relations to other representation in the system. Examples are given
keywords	logic, languages, representation, systems, semantics
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	273f
authors	Elcock, E.W.
year	1983
title	How Complete are Knowledge Representation Systems?
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE computer society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 114-118. includes bibliography
summary	Prolog, the most feasible of the first-order logic systems, has intriguing analogies with Absys, short for Aberdeen System, an assertative programming system developed in 1968. In this article, the issue of incompleteness is explored by comparing aspects of the two systems, and the incompleteness resulting from any serious use of Prolog as a vehicle for a knowledge-based system is addressed
keywords	PROLOG, algorithms, knowledge, systems, languages
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c201
authors	Elfes, Alberto and Talukdar, Sarosh N.
year	1983
title	A Distributed Control System for a Mobile Robot
source	7 p. : ill. Pittsburgh: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983. includes bibliography
summary	This paper describes a distributed software control structure developed for the CMU Rover, an advanced mobile robot equipped with a variety of sensors. Expert modules control the operation of the sensors and actuators, interpret sensory and feedback information, build an internal model of the robot's working environment, devise strategies to accomplish proposed tasks and execute these strategies. Each expert module is composed of a pair of (master, slave) processes, where the master process controls the scheduling and working of the slave process. Communication among expert modules occurs asynchronously over a blackboard structure. Information specific to the execution of a given task is provided through a control plan. The system is distributed over a network of processors. Real-time operating system kernels local to each processor and an interprocess message communication mechanism ensure transparency of the underlying network structure. The various parts of the system are presented in this paper and future work to be performed is mentioned
keywords	robotics, control
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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