Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	4d66
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1983
title	A Relational Database for Non-Manipulative Representation of Solid Objects
source	Computer Aided Design September, 1983. vol. 15: pp. 271-276 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	Being the heart of any solid modeling system, much effort has been spent on formulating the data models which represent the shape of a polyhedral solid object within the computer in an accurate, unique and complete manner. This paper presents an example relational model as a complementary logical schema for viewing the shape database. It facilitates compact storage and supports non-manipulative query operations through the projection, selection and join operators defined for the relational model, without requiring expert knowledge of the manipulative structure. The flexibility of the relational model, compared with that of the hierarchical, manipulative one, allows easy extensibility and the association of non- geometric attributes with each data item
keywords	solid modeling, polyhedra, relational database, representation
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	69b3
authors	Markelin, Antero
year	1993
title	Efficiency of Model Endoscopic Simulation - An Experimental Research at the University of Stuttgart
source	Endoscopy as a Tool in Architecture [Proceedings of the 1st European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 951-722-069-3] Tampere (Finland), 25-28 August 1993, pp. 31-34
summary	At the Institute of Urban Planning at the University of Stuttgart early experiments were made with the help of endoscopes in the late 1970’s. The intention was to find new instruments to visualize urban design projects. The first experiment included the use of a 16 mm film of a 1:170 scale model of the market place at Karlsruhe, including design alternatives (with trees, without trees etc). The film was shown to the Karlsruhe authorities, who had to make the decision about the alternatives. It was said, that the film gave a great help for the decision-making and a design proposition had never before been presented in such understandable way. In 1975-77, with the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) an investigation was carried out into existing endoscopic simulation facilities, such as those in Wageningen, Lund and Berkeley. The resulting publication was mainly concerned with technical installations and their applications. However a key question remained: ”Can reality be simulated with endoscopy?” In 1979-82, in order to answer that question, at the Institute was carried out the most extensive research of the time, into the validity of endoscopic simulation. Of special importance was the inclusion of social scientists and psychologists from the University of Heidelberg and Mannheim. A report was produced in 1983. The research was concerned with the theory of model simulation, its ways of use and its users, and then the establishment of requirements for effective model simulation. For the main research work with models or simulation films, psychological tests were developed which enabled a tested person to give accurate responses or evidence without getting involved in alien technical terminology. It was also thought that the use of semantic differentials would make the work imprecise or arbitrary.
keywords	Architectural Endoscopy
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea/
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	a3b0
authors	Schubert, Lenhart K., Papalaskaris, Mary Angela and Taugher, Lay
year	1983
title	Determining Type, Part, Color, and Time Relationships
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 53-60 : ill. Includes bibliography
summary	Several kinds of inference problems arise constantly in question-answering processes, which without special handling can absorb large computational resources. One kind requires determining how two types of things are related, others require determining these or similar relationships among parts of objects, color or times. As people we are equippedÔ h) 000*°° ÔŒ with certain sensory organs, we have special ways of modeling our perception of color, categorizing and cross-correlating the entities whose localization in space and persistence in time renders them cognitively coherent and of analyzing spatial properties, such as parts structure. To match our cognitive skills AI system will need analogous special methods. The methods described in this paper are designed to supplement a deductive question-answering algorithm that is now operational. The algorithm draws on a base of logical propositions organized as semantic net
keywords	semantic networks, AI, inference, perception, cognition, color, patterns, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0000
authors	Bijl, Aart
year	1983
title	Know Your Technology - Or: Can Computers Understand Designers?
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. V.1-V.11
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.t5s
summary	Any great expansion of the population of computer users, embracing architects and other ordinary people, will happen only if we change from current computing technology to radically new software technology. Criteria for new technology are discussed, with reference to inadequacies of current technology; we should strive for computers that can understand people. Logic programming is described as one development towards this goal, illustrated by the example of Prolog serving as interpreter of user demands and supporting partial and changing logical models of user activity. Architects can choose computing options now that will put them on a path leading to future new technology. Choice is explained, favouring a software environment that is used by researchers and also supports immediate and practical computer applications. Lessons are drawn for architectural education, to prepare for change that will take place during a student's 40-year working life.
keywords	Software Technology, Logic Programming
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaaderis2023_41
id	ecaaderis2023_41
authors	Hadighi, Mahyar and Hadighi, Mehrdad
year	2023
title	Between System and Improvisation: Aesthetic performance in Donald Judd’s 100 untitled works in mill aluminum
source	De Luca, F, Lykouras, I and Wurzer, G (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th eCAADe Regional International Symposium, TalTech, 15 - 16 June 2023, pp. 79–88
summary	In this paper, we intend to analyze Donald Judd’s “100 untiled works in mill aluminum” to see whether they belong to a system, and, if so, what that system is and what delimits it. Our hypothesis is that there is a system driven by shape data, but the system is tempered by improvisational moments at multiple junctures in the project. We are interested in deciphering the systematic, but also the moments of artistic improvisation. To that end, we will look at the roots of data-driven design in the “serial” artworks of the early 1960’s documented in two Artforum essays by Bochner and Coplans, both citing Donald Judd. This period of artistic production is critical in the context of the development of shape grammars in computation which followed in the early 70’s with Stiny and Gips’s Shape Grammar essay. In 1983, Knight used shape grammar to describe the transformation of design languages. In the same period, Donald Judd, without the aid of computation or knowledge of shape grammar, developed a grammar towards the design of “100 untiled works in mill aluminum.” We intend to explore Judd’s 100 works as an example of the utilization of information and its analysis towards design and innovation, and to highlight the role of artistic improvisation in a systemic design process.
keywords	Donald Judd, Design System, Shape Grammar, Serial Art.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/02/05 14:28

_id	cbe9
authors	Jacob, Robert J.K.
year	1983
title	Using Formal Specifications in the Design of a Human-Computer Interface
source	Communications of the ACM April, 1983. vol. 26: pp. 259-264 : diagrams. includes bibliography.
summary	Formal specification techniques are valuable in software development because they permit a designer to describe the external behavior of a system precisely without specifying its internal implementation. Although formal specifications have been applied to many areas of software systems, they have not been widely used for specifying user interfaces. In the Military Message System project at the Naval Research Laboratory, the user interfaces as well as the other components of a family of message systems are specified formally, and prototypes are then implemented from the specifications. This paper illustrates the specification of the user interface module for the family of message systems. It then surveys specification techniques that can be applied to human-computer interfaces and divides the techniques into two categories: those based on state transition diagrams and those based on BNF. Examples of both types of specifications are given. Specification notations based on state transition diagrams are preferable to those based on BNF because the former capture the surface structure of the user interface more perspicuously. In either notation, high-level abstraction for describing the semantics of the user interface is needed, and an application-specific one is used here
keywords	user interface, design, theory
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ad7d
authors	Sethi, Awanti P. and Thompson, Gerald L.
year	1983
title	Solution of Constrained Generalized Transportation Problems Using the Pivot and Probe Algorithm
source	17 p. Pittsburgh PA: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983. DRC-70-17-83. includes bibliography
summary	In this paper the authors use a specialized version of their Pivot and Probe algorithm to solve generalized transportation problems with side constraints. The dual of an m x n generalized transportation problem with t side constraints is a linear program with m + n + t variables and up to m x n constraints. They solve the dual problem using the probe operation to select only the most important constraints to consider. Also presented is a computational experience on problems of sizes up to 180 x 180, having various degrees of density and having as many as 10 side constraints. It was found that for a given size and density, problems become harder to solve as the number of side constraints increases. Ô h)000*°° ÔŒ Also, for a fixed number of side constraints, the solution difficulty increases with size and density. The authors found that their method was able to solve problems of the quoted sizes relatively quickly, with relatively few pivots, and without using basis reinversion
keywords	linear programming, topology, planning, constraints, operations research, algorithms, methods
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	11b4
authors	Hall, Theodore W.
year	2001
title	2001: An Acadia Odyssey
source	ACADIA Quarterly, vol. 20, pp. 6-7
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.006
summary	ACADIA marked the dawn of its third decade last October, at its 21st annual conference, the 20th anniversary of its birth. If the numbers seem inconsistent at first, recall that the association was born at its 1st conference, its 0th anniversary, in 1981. Of the twenty-four founding members, only a few are still active. I joined at the third conference, in 1983, and I’ve never met half the founders. Perhaps they never expected the association to last two years, let alone two decades. In the meantime, an entire generation has come of age and begun to take the reins. ACADIA is alive and well, thank you very much.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4dc9
authors	Fregier, Marius
year	1983
title	TRANSFORMATION PIPES: A model to manipulate data, using graphical interaction, based on transformation pipes, between the graphical devices and a data base
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. IV.16-IV.25
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.h7h
summary	Conditions of the manipulation of data, using a high level of graphical interaction within a data base in computer aided architectural design, are examined. A so called "TRANSFORMATION PIPES" model (data structure and processes) is described, its goal being to carry out the communications from the graphical devices to the data base and vice versa.
keywords	Abstract Data Structure, Morphological Description
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	610b
authors	Hall, R.N.
year	1983
title	The Use of Gable OMS (Object Modelling System) in the Building Design ProcessThe Use of Gable OMS (Object Modelling System) in the Building Design Process
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. III.1-III.18
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.b6t
summary	GABLE CAD SYSTEMS comprise a suite of integrated sub-systems, one of which is OMS. The use of OMS in the development of a building design enables three dimensional graphical modelling of objects associated with buildings. Thus furniture, fittings and fixtures may be located within any room in a building or outside a building or in relation to other groups of objects unrelated to a building. Once located, objects and building may be seen in 2D plan and elevation/section projection or 3D projection (perspectives, axonometrics, isometrics, etc.). In this way furniture, people, cars, trees,landscape objects may all be modelled and graphically represented in addition to the modelling capabilities enabled using GABLE BMS (Building Modelling System). These graphically represented 2D and 3D views of objects can then be passed into GABLE IDS for further embellishment, annotation or dimensioning to produce detailed working drawings.
keywords	Three Dimensional Graphical Modelling
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	49a8
authors	McCall, R., Fischer, G. and Morch, A.
year	1990
title	Supporting Reflection-in-Action in the Janus Design Environment
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 247-259
summary	We have developed a computer-based design aid called Janus, which is based on a model of computer-supported design that we think has significance for the future of architectural education. Janus utilizes a knowledge-based approach to link a graphic construction system to hypertext. This allows the computer to make useful comments on the solutions that students construct in a CAD-like environment. These comments contain information intended to make students think more carefully about what they are doing while they are doing it. In other words, Janus promotes what Donald Schon has called "reflection-inaction" (Schon, 1983). The Janus design environment is named for the Roman god with a pair of faces looking in opposite directions. In our case the faces correspond to complementary design activities we call construction and argumentation. Construction is the activity of graphically creating the form of the solution e.g., a building. Traditionally this has been done with tracing paper, pencils, and pens. Argumentation is the activity of reasoning about the problem and its solution. This includes such things as considering what to do next, what alternative courses of action are available, and which course of action to choose. Argumentation is mostly verbal but partly graphical.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	e0d1
authors	Mollaert Marijke
year	1983
title	Interactivity and Graphics as a Support for the Design of Cable Nets and Trusses
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. IV.26-IV.41
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.l4u
summary	This paper deals with an important aspect concerning the quality of a computer aided design (CAD) program, namely the human-computer interface. To fix the ideas,the user interface of FORCE, a program for the design and visualisation of cable nets and trusses, is considered The new design of this user interface was necessary to support an easy extension of the dialogue, both alpha-numerical and graphical. The new approach includes a separation of the interaction procedures and the application modules.
keywords	CAD, Human-computer Interface
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://wwwtw.vub.ac.be/ond/arch/pages/marijke
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	e7b8
authors	Dahl, Veronica
year	1983
title	Logic Programming as a Representation of Knowledge
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 106-110 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Logic has traditionally provided a firm conceptual framework for representing knowledge. As it can formally deal with the notion of logical consequence, the introduction of Prolog has made it possible to represent knowledge in terms of logic and also to expect appropriate inferences to be drawn from it automatically. This article illustrates and explores these ideas with respect to two central representational issues: problem solving knowledge and database knowledge. The technical aspects of both subjects have been covered elsewhere (Kowalski, R. Logic for problem solving, North- Holland pub. 1979 ; Dahl, V. on database system development through logic ACM Trans.vol.7/no.3/Mar.1982 pp.102). This explanation uses simple, nontechnical terms
keywords	PROLOG, knowledge, representation, logic, programming, problem solving, database
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	0d6d
authors	Doyle, Jon
year	1983
title	Admissible State Semantics for Representational Systems
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE computer society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 119-122. includes bibliography
summary	A clear semantic is one of the most important requirements in designing representational systems. This article indicates how many kinds of informal semantics can be transformed directly into formal semantics of no greater complexity. The author focuses on the meaning rather than on the expression within a particular logical language. The distinction of the meaning of mental components from general ecological meaning is done by the name admissible state semantics, leaving the specification of external meaning to the standard tools of model theory. The method of admissible state semantic is simple, resembling the usual explanations of intended meanings given by system designers. The designer explains the meaning of one representation in terms of its relations to other representation in the system. Examples are given
keywords	logic, languages, representation, systems, semantics
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	e5c4
authors	Johnson-Laird
year	1983
title	Mental Models
source	Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
summary	As psychological representations of real, hypothetical, or imaginary situations, mental models were first postulated by the Scottish psychologist Kenneth Craik (1943), who wrote that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality to anticipate events, to reason, and to underlie . The models are constructed in working memory as a result of perception, the comprehension of discourse, or imagination (see 1982; Johnson-Laird 1983). A crucial feature is that their structure corresponds to the structure of what they represent. Mental models are accordingly akin to architects' models of buildings and to chemists' models of complex molecules.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	8e7d
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	1983
title	Introduction to Computer-Based Models
source	Proceedings of Green Chips Landscape Architecture Conference, Glasgow
series	other
email
last changed	2003/06/02 15:00

_id	8892
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	1983
title	CAAD in Onderwijs en Onderzoek [CAAD in Teaching and Design]
source	Proceedings of THE-CAAD3 Symposium, Eindhoven
summary	Students currently in schools of architecture will be at the peak of their careers around the year 2000. The pressure on the schools to provide an education and training which will stand the student in good stead between now and then is considerable. In an increasing number of departments of architecture and building science, importance is being placed on the concept of modelling: i.e. the development and use of models of the operational behaviour and aesthetic character of design proposals which will allow appraisal of how real buildings will performing the real world.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/06/08 23:01

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