Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	bacd
authors	Abadí Abbo, Isaac
year	1999
title	APPLICATION OF SPATIAL DESIGN ABILITY IN A POSTGRADUATE COURSE
source	Full-scale Modeling and the Simulation of Light [Proceedings of the 7th European Full-scale Modeling Association Conference / ISBN 3-85437-167-5] Florence (Italy) 18-20 February 1999, pp. 75-82
summary	Spatial Design Ability (SDA) has been defined by the author (1983) as the capacity to anticipate the effects (psychological impressions) that architectural spaces or its components produce in observers or users. This concept, which requires the evaluation of spaces by the people that uses it, was proposed as a guideline to a Masters Degree Course in Architectural Design at the Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes in Mexico. The theory and the exercises required for the experience needed a model that could simulate spaces in terms of all the variables involved. Full-scale modeling as has been tested in previous research, offered the most effective mean to experiment with space. A simple, primitive model was designed and built: an articulated ceiling that allows variation in height and shape, and a series of wooden panels for the walls and structure. Several exercises were carried out, mainly to experience cause -effect relationships between space and the psychological impressions they produce. Students researched into spatial taxonomy, intentional sequences of space and spatial character. Results showed that students achieved the expected anticipation of space and that full-scale modeling, even with a simple model, proved to be an effective tool for this purpose. The low cost of the model and the short time it took to be built, opens an important possibility for Institutions involved in architectural studies, both as a research and as a learning tool.
keywords	Spatial Design Ability, Architectural Space, User Evaluation, Learning, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 11:27

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	0f6e
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1983
title	Modular Menu Mapping and Hit-Testing
source	1983? 17 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper introduces a method called MODULAR MENU MAPPING, which rationalizes menu layout and trades menu hit-test time with a look up table, thereby reducing the cost of determining the menu box inclusion of the cursor to a single unit of time. To overcome the problem of space required to store the look-up table, a hybrid method called RUN-LENGTH ENCODING is introduced. It reduces the storage space requirements by substituting the two-dimensional look-up table with a linear vector. It does however, require some search, which is nevertheless still much cheaper then the full search of a non-mapped menu
keywords	user interface, computer graphics
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a3b0
authors	Schubert, Lenhart K., Papalaskaris, Mary Angela and Taugher, Lay
year	1983
title	Determining Type, Part, Color, and Time Relationships
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 53-60 : ill. Includes bibliography
summary	Several kinds of inference problems arise constantly in question-answering processes, which without special handling can absorb large computational resources. One kind requires determining how two types of things are related, others require determining these or similar relationships among parts of objects, color or times. As people we are equippedÔ h) 000*°° ÔŒ with certain sensory organs, we have special ways of modeling our perception of color, categorizing and cross-correlating the entities whose localization in space and persistence in time renders them cognitively coherent and of analyzing spatial properties, such as parts structure. To match our cognitive skills AI system will need analogous special methods. The methods described in this paper are designed to supplement a deductive question-answering algorithm that is now operational. The algorithm draws on a base of logical propositions organized as semantic net
keywords	semantic networks, AI, inference, perception, cognition, color, patterns, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0cfd
authors	Zawack, Daniel J. and Thompson, Gerald L.
year	1983
title	A Dynamic Space-Time Network Flow Model for City Traffic Congestion
source	43 p. : ill. graphs Pittsburgh, PA: Design Research Center CMU, December, 1983. DRC-70-18-83. includes bibliography
summary	A space-time network is used to model traffic flows over time for a capacitated road transportation system having one-way and two-way streets. Also traffic signal lights, which change the network structure, are explicitly incorporated into the model. A linear (time) cost per unit flow is associated with each arc, and it is shown that under the model structure, travel time on a street is piecewise linear convex function of the number of units travelling on that street. Hence congestion effects are explicitly considered while maintaining the linear nature of the model. Two efficient solutions methods are proposed. A network flow solution for multiple source single destination network and a shortest path solution for a single source single destination network
keywords	dynamic programming, simulation, planning, graphs, networks, transportation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	2387
authors	Akin, Omer, Baykan, Can D. and Rao, Radha D.
year	1983
title	Searching in the UNIX Directory
source	December, 1983. 19 p. : ill., tables. includes bibliography
summary	The structure of the directory space and subjects search behaviors in the UNIX operating system environment are examined. Protocol analysis with two subjects and survey of the contents of the directory space of all users of E-VAX and X-VAX systems in the Architecture and Computer Science Systems at Carnegie Mellon University were conducted. Depth first search characterized both the organization of the directories and the behavior of the subjects. Single step as opposed to multiple step traversal of the directory tree was also prevalent in the subject`s behaviors. Recommendations for system friendliness, in term of reusability, orientation, robustness, and consistency are developed
keywords	UNIX, user interface, protocol analysis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6647
authors	Buxton, W., M.R. Lamb and Sherman, D. (et al)
year	1983
title	Towards a Comprehensive User Interface Management System
source	computer Graphics. July, 1983. vol. 17: pp. 35-42 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A UIMS developed at the University of Toronto is presented. The system has two main components. The first is a set of tools to support the design and implementation of interactive graphics programs. The second is a run-time support package which handles interactions between the system and the user (things such as hit detection, event detection, screen updates, and procedure invocation), and provides facilities for logging user interactions for later protocol analysis. The design / implementation tool is a preprocessor, called MENULAY, which permits the applications programmer to use interactive graphics techniques to design graphics menus and their functionality. The output of this preprocessor is high- level code which can be compiled with application-specific routines. User interactions with the resulting executable module are then handled by the run-time support package. The presentation works through an example from design to execution in a step-by-step manner
keywords	software, user interface, management, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	ab23
authors	Dromey, Geoff R.
year	1983
title	Before Programming : On Teaching Introductory Computing
source	1983? 10 p. includes bibliography
summary	In comparison with most other human intellectual activities, computing is in its infancy despite the progress we seem to have made in such a short time. Consequently, there has been insufficient time for the evolution of 'best ways' to transmit computing concepts and skills. It is therefore prudent to look to more mature disciplines for some guidelines on effective ways to introduce computing to beginners. In this respect the discipline of teaching people to read and write in a natural language is highly relevant. A fundamental characteristic of this latter discipline is that a substantial amount of time is devoted to teaching people to read long before they are asked to write stories, essays, etc. In teaching computing people seem to have overlooked or neglected what corresponds to the reading stage in the process of learning to read and write. In the discussion which follows the author looks at ways of economically giving students the 'computer-reading experience' and preparing them for the more difficult tasks of algorithm design and computer problem-solving
keywords	programming, education,
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

_id	c201
authors	Elfes, Alberto and Talukdar, Sarosh N.
year	1983
title	A Distributed Control System for a Mobile Robot
source	7 p. : ill. Pittsburgh: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983. includes bibliography
summary	This paper describes a distributed software control structure developed for the CMU Rover, an advanced mobile robot equipped with a variety of sensors. Expert modules control the operation of the sensors and actuators, interpret sensory and feedback information, build an internal model of the robot's working environment, devise strategies to accomplish proposed tasks and execute these strategies. Each expert module is composed of a pair of (master, slave) processes, where the master process controls the scheduling and working of the slave process. Communication among expert modules occurs asynchronously over a blackboard structure. Information specific to the execution of a given task is provided through a control plan. The system is distributed over a network of processors. Real-time operating system kernels local to each processor and an interprocess message communication mechanism ensure transparency of the underlying network structure. The various parts of the system are presented in this paper and future work to be performed is mentioned
keywords	robotics, control
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	1247
authors	Hasell, Mary Joyce
year	1983
title	Gaming Simulation: A Communication Tool for Architects and Designers
source	University of Michigan
summary	In today's technological society, people spend more and more time in built environments that they have little or no control in shaping. There is also a large gap in communication between designers of the built environment and non-designers. The language that non-designers use to communicate specific spatial needs, whether aesthetic or functional, is different from the formal language that designers use to communicate these issues with each other. Gaming simulation, as a communication tool, has a number Note of characteristics that make it useful for improving communication and increasing participation among designers and non-designers. In this study, a method of teaching the design of gaming simulation to designers of the built environment is developed. This method includes a Game Design Index or cataloging system of gaming tehniques, within the context of a game design process. A questionnaire was used to interview the designers of the most current physical design games about the gaming techniques in their games. Their answers were organized into the Game Design Index and set within the context of a process for designing a game. This process was tested by teaching a course to graduate students in Urban Planning and Architecture. Further testing was done by holding a game design workshop for professional architects. The findings indicate that it is possible to analyze existing games for their gaming techniques and to index them in an organized way. It is also possible to add this index to an existing game design process. By using this process, graduate students were able to design gaming simulations of high quality, although professionals who attended a day-and-a-half workshop, were not so successful. This latter problem was primarily the result of the complexity of the task and the time constraint imposed. This dissertation describes the game design process that was used to teach neophytes to design games as well as the Game Design Indexes for ten existing games. A comprehensive review of games concerned with physical design is included
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	6259
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E. and Majkowski, Bruce R.
year	1990
title	CAD Technology Transfer: A Case Study
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1990.133
source	From Research to Practice [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Big Sky (Montana - USA) 4-6 October 1990, pp. 133-143
summary	Transferring innovative university-based research results to the industry or practice that will ultimately use them is an arduous, time-consuming effort. One way to effect this technology transfer is to develop a demonstrable prototype product and then find or form a corporation that can expand the prototype into a full product and market it to the profession. Another way, which can shorten the transfer process, is to "sell" the idea, rather than the product, to a corporation that has the vision, the resources and the technical competency to support its development, with the intent to eventually market it. In this paper, we describe a case study of this latter approach, based on our seven year experience of researching, developing and transferring innovative architectural CAD technology. We describe the birth, growth, and maturity of Worldview, a computer-aided design and modeling system for use by architects. The project was initiated in 1983, and went through five software versions, numerous grants and grant extensions, two granting corporations, and extensive field testing. The software has developed into a mature system, with sufficient functionality appropriate for commercial distribution. The paper describes not only the factual chronology of the project, but also highlights the advantages and drawbacks of market-oriented university research. We conclude with suggestions as to how the process may be improved, and how problems and obstacles can be minimized.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cb5f
authors	Kant, Elaine and Newell, Allen
year	1983
title	An Automatic Algorithm Designer : An Initial Implementation
source	Design Research Center, CMU, May, 1983. 10 p. includes bibliography
summary	This paper outlines a specification for an algorithm-design system (based on previous work involving protocol analysis) and describes an implementation of the specification that is a combination frame and production system. In the implementation, design occurs in two problem spaces: one about algorithms and one about the task domain. The partially worked out algorithms are represented as configurations of data-flow components. A small number of general purpose operators construct and modify the representations. These operators are adapted to different situations by instantiation and means-ends analysis rules. The data-flow space also includes symbolic and test-case execution rules that drive the component-refinement process by exposing both problems and opportunities. A domain space about geometric images supports test-case execution, domain-specific problem solving, recognition and discovery
keywords	algorithms, design, systems, synthesis, automation, protocol analysis, frames, discovery, problem solving
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	aba3
authors	Laing, Lamond
year	1986
title	Computers in Architectural Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1986.071
source	Teaching and Research Experience with CAAD [4th eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Rome (Italy) 11-13 September 1986, pp. 71-77
summary	Throughout Europe there is a rapidly growing volume of initiatives towards integrating computer aids within all aspects of education. In architectural education, the support offered by these initiatives presents a double-edged sword. On the one hand it is gratifying to see the work of almost two decades of CAAD research bearing fruit and the concepts gaining recognition by the profession. On the other hand the resulting pressures on the few individuals with the necessary knowledge to implement the teaching will stretch many to breaking point. Where resources are so limited it is crucial to clarify the needs and objectives and, thereby, more effectively direct resources. These needs will change over time and, in the world of computers, the means are also changing rapidly as hardware and software improves. This paper therefore outlines a scenario which I believe is relevant at this point in time but the background is constantly changing and I offer no apologies for any shift in emphasis since my last presentation of this topic in 1983.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	698a
authors	Liang, You-Dong and Barsky, Brian A.
year	1983
title	An Analysis and Algorithm for Polygon Clipping
source	Communications of the ACM November, 1983. vol. 26: pp. 868-877 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	(This is one of the two standard algorithms for clipping. The other is the Sutherland-Hodgman reentrant algorithm). The process of polygon clipping is analyzed and the understanding gained thereby forms the foundation of a very direct algorithm. Each edge of the input polygon is considered to be a vector and is then extended to be a line of infinite extent. The boundary line segments of the clip window are extended in a similar fashion to become boundary lines. The intersection points of an extended edge with the boundary lines are identified as entry or exit points. It is observed that these entry and exit points can be used to characterize the visibility status of the edge. Not only might the edge have a visible segment, but it can also induce the inclusion in the output polygon of a vertex at a corner of the clip window called a turning vertex. To quantify the visibility conditions, the edge is written in parametric form. The possible contributions (including nil) that can be provided to the output polygon by a particular edge are established. This analysis is then embedded in an algorithm. An arbitrary example input polygon is given and the output of the algorithm is shown. The execution time for this example using this algorithm is measured to be half of what is required by the standard Sutherland-Hodgman reentrant polygon clipping algorithm
keywords	polygons, clipping, algorithms, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2005_037
id	sigradi2005_037
authors	Maciel, Mario
year	2005
title	Interactive virtual art
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 37-41
summary	The interactivity presumes behavior action events exercised mutually between machines, between digital information and persons, between two or more persons, machines and digital information in real time. Nelson Max presented in Paris the first interactive landscape in 1983. The pioneer of scientific image was Ivan Sutherland, researcher of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Another fundamental reference is Sonia Sheridan that invented a system where the user could modify the original image and visualize the result in real time. In Brazil, as well as in the outside, artists in assembly with scientists, see developing works computacionais with resorts of immersion and interatividade. Like this, in that search of new references, the text presents initially the main concepts about interactive virtual art and analyzes two important expositions: Emoção Art.Ficial 2.0 and Maior ou igual a 4D: computer art interactive. [Full paper in Portuguese]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	69b3
authors	Markelin, Antero
year	1993
title	Efficiency of Model Endoscopic Simulation - An Experimental Research at the University of Stuttgart
source	Endoscopy as a Tool in Architecture [Proceedings of the 1st European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 951-722-069-3] Tampere (Finland), 25-28 August 1993, pp. 31-34
summary	At the Institute of Urban Planning at the University of Stuttgart early experiments were made with the help of endoscopes in the late 1970’s. The intention was to find new instruments to visualize urban design projects. The first experiment included the use of a 16 mm film of a 1:170 scale model of the market place at Karlsruhe, including design alternatives (with trees, without trees etc). The film was shown to the Karlsruhe authorities, who had to make the decision about the alternatives. It was said, that the film gave a great help for the decision-making and a design proposition had never before been presented in such understandable way. In 1975-77, with the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) an investigation was carried out into existing endoscopic simulation facilities, such as those in Wageningen, Lund and Berkeley. The resulting publication was mainly concerned with technical installations and their applications. However a key question remained: ”Can reality be simulated with endoscopy?” In 1979-82, in order to answer that question, at the Institute was carried out the most extensive research of the time, into the validity of endoscopic simulation. Of special importance was the inclusion of social scientists and psychologists from the University of Heidelberg and Mannheim. A report was produced in 1983. The research was concerned with the theory of model simulation, its ways of use and its users, and then the establishment of requirements for effective model simulation. For the main research work with models or simulation films, psychological tests were developed which enabled a tested person to give accurate responses or evidence without getting involved in alien technical terminology. It was also thought that the use of semantic differentials would make the work imprecise or arbitrary.
keywords	Architectural Endoscopy
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea/
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	0a78
authors	McCalla, Gordon and Cercone, Nick
year	1983
title	Approaches to Knowledge Representation
source	IEEE Computer. October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 12-18 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	In contrast to conventional database systems, AI systems require a knowledge base with diverse kinds of knowledge. These include, but are not limited to knowledge about objects, knowledge about processes, and hard to represent common sense knowledge about goals, motivations, causality, time, actions etc. This article is an introduction to a special issue in which 15 articles contributed by a broad spectrum of researchers discuss various aspects of knowledge representation. It gives some background and context to these articles by mapping out the basic approaches to knowledge representation that have developed over the years
keywords	knowledge, representation, AI
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8324
authors	Musso, Arne
year	1983
title	Justifying Designs
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.k6l
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. 0.1-0.9
summary	A distinction is made between non-justified (not 'unjustified') and justified designs. A good justification requires that a description of the solution space and a rule for selecting one solution should be given. The old but rarely used concept of the planning model is described and it is stressed that it is a useful aid when justifying design decisions. A simple example is presented to illustrate the method. It is pointed out that the use of computers can be helpful when dealing with large solution spaces, complicated evaluation rules and high demands on the quality of the justification. An increasing demand for design justification is observed, which may result in increased computer application. The hope is expressed that planning models will be used in this connection for better communication.
keywords	Planning Model, Design Decisions, Communication
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.tu-berlin.de
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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