Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0a6e
authors	Walters, Roger
year	1986
title	CAAD: Shorter-term Gains; Longerterm Costs?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 185-196
summary	Assessment of CAAD systems in use is complex: it needs careful qualifications and is often contradictory. It is suggested that little progress has been made in making sense of the impacts of computing on design and design organizations. Impacts are more diverse and complicated than has been assumed. Assessments tend to be either overtly optimistic or pessimistic, yet the need is to be realistic. Moreover, impacts have been the subject of speculation and marketing rather than systematic study. Carefully documented case studies of projects or longitudinal studies of organizational impacts remain the exception. This chapter draws upon recorded user experience reported elsewhere (Walters, 1983)' and presents an assessment of the performance in use of current production systems. It presents an end-user view and also identifies a number of outstanding design research topics It is suggested that different systems in different organizations in different settings will give rise to new impacts. A wide variety of outcomes is possible. It seems unlikely that any simple set of relationships can account for all the data that inquiry reveals. The task becomes one of identifying variables that lead to differential outcomes, as the same cause may lead to different effects (Attewell and Rule, 1984). This becomes a long-term task. Each optimistic impact may be countered by some other more pessimistic impact. Moreover, the changes brought about on design by computing are significant because both beneficial and non- beneficial impacts are present together. Impacts are held in a dynamic balance that is subject to constant evolution. This viewpoint accounts for otherwise conflicting conclusions. It is unlikely that the full range of impacts is yet known, and a wide range of impacts and outcomes already need to be taken into account. It seems that CAD alone cannot either guarantee improved design or that it inevitably leads to some diminished role for the designer. CAD can lead to either possible outcome, depending upon the particular combination of impacts present. Careful matching of systems to design organization and work environment is therefore needed. The design management role becomes crucial.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	bacd
authors	Abadí Abbo, Isaac
year	1999
title	APPLICATION OF SPATIAL DESIGN ABILITY IN A POSTGRADUATE COURSE
source	Full-scale Modeling and the Simulation of Light [Proceedings of the 7th European Full-scale Modeling Association Conference / ISBN 3-85437-167-5] Florence (Italy) 18-20 February 1999, pp. 75-82
summary	Spatial Design Ability (SDA) has been defined by the author (1983) as the capacity to anticipate the effects (psychological impressions) that architectural spaces or its components produce in observers or users. This concept, which requires the evaluation of spaces by the people that uses it, was proposed as a guideline to a Masters Degree Course in Architectural Design at the Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes in Mexico. The theory and the exercises required for the experience needed a model that could simulate spaces in terms of all the variables involved. Full-scale modeling as has been tested in previous research, offered the most effective mean to experiment with space. A simple, primitive model was designed and built: an articulated ceiling that allows variation in height and shape, and a series of wooden panels for the walls and structure. Several exercises were carried out, mainly to experience cause -effect relationships between space and the psychological impressions they produce. Students researched into spatial taxonomy, intentional sequences of space and spatial character. Results showed that students achieved the expected anticipation of space and that full-scale modeling, even with a simple model, proved to be an effective tool for this purpose. The low cost of the model and the short time it took to be built, opens an important possibility for Institutions involved in architectural studies, both as a research and as a learning tool.
keywords	Spatial Design Ability, Architectural Space, User Evaluation, Learning, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 11:27

_id	ecaade2009_123
id	ecaade2009_123
authors	Achten, Henri; Beetz, Jakob
year	2009
title	What Happened to Collaborative Design?
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 357-366
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.357
wos	WOS:000334282200043
summary	In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive literature survey on the development of collaborative design. We reviewed 324 papers on collaborative design, taken from various sources (conferences, journals, and PhD-theses). We grouped the papers based on common themes, and in that way derived a classification of themes through the last 25 years (1983-2008). Each category is described, its development, and key publications are identified.
keywords	Collaborative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2387
authors	Akin, Omer, Baykan, Can D. and Rao, Radha D.
year	1983
title	Searching in the UNIX Directory
source	December, 1983. 19 p. : ill., tables. includes bibliography
summary	The structure of the directory space and subjects search behaviors in the UNIX operating system environment are examined. Protocol analysis with two subjects and survey of the contents of the directory space of all users of E-VAX and X-VAX systems in the Architecture and Computer Science Systems at Carnegie Mellon University were conducted. Depth first search characterized both the organization of the directories and the behavior of the subjects. Single step as opposed to multiple step traversal of the directory tree was also prevalent in the subject`s behaviors. Recommendations for system friendliness, in term of reusability, orientation, robustness, and consistency are developed
keywords	UNIX, user interface, protocol analysis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8d59
authors	Andersen, J.M.
year	1983
title	CAD in Architectural Practice
source	Mechanical Engineering. July, 1983. pp. 48-54 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	A leading architecture/engineering firm has made use of in- house computer system since 1963. This paper discusses some special topics in using computers for the design of HVAC systems, and the process of implementing CAD in the HVAC engineering practice
keywords	computer graphics, HVAC, applications, practice, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	21d8
authors	Balas, Egon and Toth, Paolo
year	1983
title	Branch and Bound Methods for the Traveling Salesman Problem
source	December, 1983, 65 p. : ill., tables. Includes bibliography
summary	This paper reviews the state of the art in enumerative solution methods for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The introduction (Section 1) discusses the main ingredients of branch and bound methods for the TSP. Sections 2,3 and 4 discuss classes of methods based on three different relaxation of the TSP: the assignment problem with the TSP cost function, the 1-tree problem with a Lagrangean objective function, and the assignment problem with a lagrangean objective function. Section 5 briefly reviews some other relaxations of the TSP, while section 6 discusses the performance of some state of the art computer codes. Besides material from the literature, the paper also includes the results and statistical analysis of some computational experiments designed for the purposes of this review
keywords	relaxation, branch-and-bound, algorithms, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e118
authors	Balas, Egon
year	1983
title	Disjunctive Programming and a Hierarchy of Relaxations for Discrete Optimization Problems
source	December, 1983. 38 p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The author discuss a new conceptual framework for the convexification of discrete optimization problems, and a general technique for obtaining approximations to the convex hull of the feasible set. The concepts come from disjunctive programming and the key tool is a description of the convex hull of a union of polyhedra in terms of a higher dimensional polyhedron. Although this description was known for several years, only recently was it shown by Jeroslow and Lowe to yield improved representations of discrete optimization problems. The author expresses the feasible set of a discrete optimization problem as the intersection (conjunction) of unions of polyhedra, and define an operation that takes one such expression into another, equivalent one, with fewer conjuncts. He then introduces a class of relaxations based on replacing each conjunct (union of polyhedra) by its convex hull. The strength of the relaxations increases as the number of conjuncts decreases, and the class of relaxations forms a hierarchy that spans the spectrum between the common linear programming relaxation, and the convex hull of the feasible set itself. Instances where this approach presents advantages include critical path problems in disjunctive graphs, network synthesis problems, certain fixed charge network flow problems, etc. The approach on the first of these problems is illustrated, which is a model for machine sequencing
keywords	polyhedra, computational geometry, optimization, programming, convex hull, graphs
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	41af
authors	Barnhill, Robert E.
year	1983
title	A Survey of the Representation and Design of Surfaces
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. October, 1983. vol. 3: pp. 9-16 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The approach of devising robust surface methods applicable to arbitrarily located data was taken by the CAGD Group at the University of Utah. Adopting two broad classes of methods suitable for solving the problems (i.e., problems for which simplifying geometric assumptions cannot be made): (1) surface interpolants defined over triangles or tetrahedra and (2) distance-weighted interpolants. Interactive computer graphics was used to display surfaces for adequate visualization. Although some figures were given, it must be kept in mind that some 3-D medium, or at least motion, is necessary to understand surfaces
keywords	computational geometry, computer graphics, representation, curved surfaces, mathematics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	86cb
authors	Bell, John
year	1983
title	Designers Get the Picture
source	New Scientist March, 1983. pp. 815-[822] : col. ill.
summary	One firm that had installed a CAD system is the Somerset Shoemaker Clarks Ltd. It took four years to develop the software that was developed by CADCenter in Cambridge. The article describes the program and the process of shoemaking
keywords	CAD, practice, engineering
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	213d
authors	Bernard, Yves and Dupagne, Albert
year	1983
title	Volume: a computer Program for building Modelisation and Manipulation
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. III.70-III.79
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.n2m
summary	We describe a computer program VOLUME for interactive 3D modelling of building which can be used in many problems (heat losses calculations, architectural evaluation, ...) where a geometric representation is required. The program is more than a tool to input a geometry: it is also a tool for design; manipulations are very easy and many design solutions can be tried. We then discuss about developments for improving the quality of that tool in the design process.
keywords	Computer Aided Design, 3D Modelling, Computer-user Interface, Evaluations
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.ulg.ac.be/lema/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0000
authors	Bijl, Aart
year	1983
title	Know Your Technology - Or: Can Computers Understand Designers?
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. V.1-V.11
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.t5s
summary	Any great expansion of the population of computer users, embracing architects and other ordinary people, will happen only if we change from current computing technology to radically new software technology. Criteria for new technology are discussed, with reference to inadequacies of current technology; we should strive for computers that can understand people. Logic programming is described as one development towards this goal, illustrated by the example of Prolog serving as interpreter of user demands and supporting partial and changing logical models of user activity. Architects can choose computing options now that will put them on a path leading to future new technology. Choice is explained, favouring a software environment that is used by researchers and also supports immediate and practical computer applications. Lessons are drawn for architectural education, to prepare for change that will take place during a student's 40-year working life.
keywords	Software Technology, Logic Programming
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	e10e
authors	Billon, R. and Rocca, R.
year	1983
title	Comprendre KEOPS: Logiciel de conception assistee par ordinateur en architecture
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. III.19-III.35
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.s9f
summary	En informatique graphique, la méthode la plus courante pour saisir un bâtiment consiste à dêcrire et à stocker en base de données les "pleins": les murs, planchers, composants. Cette procédure est vite fastidieuse, et ne permet pas réellement une véritable conception assistée par ordinateur. KEOPS expérimente une autre méthode qui consiste à décrire l'esquisse par ses "vides", c'est-à-dire les volumes des locaux en trois dimensions. Le logiciel opère automatiquement la transformation "filaire" en composants et ouvrages du bâtiment en exploitant un savoir technologique. Le benéfice? La réduction spectaculaire du temps de saisie et un logiciel de C.A.O. enfin opérationnel en bâtiment.
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.marseille.archi.fr
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0105
authors	Bossan, Mario and Ronchi, Alfredo M.
year	1989
title	Presentazione Esperienza Didattica del Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali - Politecnico di Milano
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.8.1-9.8.19
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.x4i
summary	Didactic and research experience developed at the "Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali del Politecnico di Milano" in the environment of Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). From the early part of the 1980's, using initially at an experimental level the resources available at the departmental centre of calculation various applications of CAD techniques in the building sector have been effected at DISET (Dipartimento di Ingegneria del Politecnico di Milano). During 1983, after a three year period of experimenting with these systems, it was decided to organise and activate a small computer aided design centre, within the department, the use of which was reserved for dissertation and research students.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4491
authors	Bouyat, M., H. Botta and Vignat, J. C.
year	1983
title	VERDI : A Computer Aided Design System for Development and City Planning
source	ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference Proceedings (20th : 1983 : Miami Beach, Florida). pp. 382-385 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The system presented is a CAD system for use in planning road and other facility networks. Taking a draft master plan as its point of departure the system makes it possible: (1) To plan in a dynamic fashion since it permits the back-and-forth study of the interconnections between the design of the master plan and network design; (2) to preserve, from one work session to another, data that has already been acquired and calculated; (3) to make relevant technical evaluations in the following three fields: earthworks, roads, and sewage networks
keywords	CAD, urban planning, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8c67
authors	Brachman, Ronald J., Levesque, Hector J. and Fikes, Richard E.
year	1983
title	Krypton : A Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation
source	IEEE Computer. IEEE Computer Society, October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 67-73 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	While the basic ideas of frame systems are straight forward, complication arise in their design. A design strategy was developed and have been implemented in a representation system called Krypton. Krypton distinguishes between definitional and factual information by using both frame- based and logic-based languages. The result is a system defined in functional not structural terms
keywords	AI, frames, knowledge, representation, systems
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	6da7
authors	Bridges, Alan
year	1983
title	Course Description - University of Strathclyde - Msc In Building Science (Computer Aided Building Design)
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.40-I.51
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.v4x
summary	This paper describes a one-year postgraduate course in computer-aided building design. The course structure is outlined, together with the resources required to run such a course. Details of the course modules are given in an appendix.
keywords	Postgraduate Course, Computer-aided Building Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	0f34
authors	Brown, P.J.
year	1983
title	Error Messages : The Neglected Area of the Man / Machine Interface?
source	communications of the ACMò. April, 1983. vol. 26: pp. 246-249. includes bibliography
summary	The quality of error messages produced by software used in the field was tested by a simple experiment; it was found to be far from adequate. The results of the experiment are analyzed, and some responses which tend to corroborate the original findings are discussed. Finally some suggestions are made for improving the quality of error messages
keywords	reliability, user interface, software, management
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6647
authors	Buxton, W., M.R. Lamb and Sherman, D. (et al)
year	1983
title	Towards a Comprehensive User Interface Management System
source	computer Graphics. July, 1983. vol. 17: pp. 35-42 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A UIMS developed at the University of Toronto is presented. The system has two main components. The first is a set of tools to support the design and implementation of interactive graphics programs. The second is a run-time support package which handles interactions between the system and the user (things such as hit detection, event detection, screen updates, and procedure invocation), and provides facilities for logging user interactions for later protocol analysis. The design / implementation tool is a preprocessor, called MENULAY, which permits the applications programmer to use interactive graphics techniques to design graphics menus and their functionality. The output of this preprocessor is high- level code which can be compiled with application-specific routines. User interactions with the resulting executable module are then handled by the run-time support package. The presentation works through an example from design to execution in a step-by-step manner
keywords	software, user interface, management, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	88b6
authors	Campello, Ruy Eduardo and Maculan, Nelson
year	1983
title	A Lower Bound to the Set Partitioning Problem with Side Constraints
source	24 p. : ill. Pittsburgh: Design Research Center, CMU, December, 1983 DRC-70-20-83. includes bibliography.
summary	A Lagrangean relaxation approach is proposed to provide a lower bound on the optimal solution of the set partitioning problem with side constraints, which is a general methodology to solve a combinatorial optimization problem. This Lagrangean relaxation approach is accomplished by a subgradient optimization procedure which solves at each iteration a special 0-1 knapsack problem. The approach seems to be promising since it produces feasible integer solutions to the side constraints that can hopefully be the optimal solution to most of the instances of the set partitioning problem with side constraints
keywords	mathematics, operations research, relaxation, algorithms, combinatorics, optimization, constraints
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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