Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	b190
authors	Goldberg, Adele and Robson, David
year	1983
title	Smalltalk-80: The language and its implementation
source	New York, NY: Addison Wesley Co
summary	Smalltalk-80 is the classic standard Smalltalk language as described in Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation by Goldberg and Robson. This book is commonly called "the Blue Book". Squeak implements the dialect of Smalltalk described in this book, but has a different implementation. Overview of the Smalltalk Language Smalltalk is a general purpose, high level programming language. It was the first original "pure" object oriented language, but not the first to use the object oriented concept, which is credited to Simula 67. The explosive growth of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) technologies began in the early 1980's, with Smalltalk's introduction. Behind it was the idea that the individual human user should be the most important component of any computing system, and that programming should be a natural extension of thinking, and also a dynamic and evolutionary process consistent with the model of human learning activity. In Smalltalk, these ideas are embodied in a framework for human-computer communication. In a sense, Smalltalk is yet another language like C and Pascal, and programs can be written in Smalltalk that have the look and feel of such conventional languages. The difference lies * in the amount of code that can be reduced, * less cryptic syntax, * and code that is easier to handle for application maintenance and enhancement. But Smalltalk's most powerful feature is easy code reuse. Smalltalk makes reuse of programs, routines, and subroutines (methods) far easier. Though procedural languages allow reuse too, it is harder to do, and much easier to cheat. It is no surprise that Smalltalk is relatively easy to learn, mainly due to its simple syntax and semantics, as well as few concepts. Objects, classes, messages, and methods form the basis of programming in Smalltalk. The general methodology to use Smalltalk The notion of human-computer interface also results in Smalltalk promoting the development of safer systems. Errors in Smalltalk may be viewed as objects telling users that confusion exists as to how to perform a desired function.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	e8c7
authors	Feigenbaum, Edward A. and McCorduck, Pamela
year	1983
title	The Fifth Generation : Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World
source	ix, 275 p. Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley Pub. Co., 1983. includes bibliography: p. 268
summary	Knowledge is the future power and Japan wants to be the first in developing and marketing the Fifth Generation of computers
keywords	What is The Fifth Generation? Why Japan ? and how would it affect the Western world? expert systems, hardware, AI
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	9e1a
authors	Schoen, D.
year	1983
title	The Reflective Practitioner
source	Basic Books. New York
summary	The reflection that accompanies the evidence a candidate presents in the performance-based product is a critical part of the candidate's development. Through reflection the candidate begins the ongoing process of blending the art and science of good teaching practice. Reflection requires thoughtful and careful reporting and analysis of teaching practice, philosophy, and experience. Understanding why an activity or practice was productive or nonproductive in the classroom is a key element in the progression from novice to master teacher. The reflection cycle and the guiding questions included in this packet are designed to assist licensure candidates in the reflection process. They will enable candidates to better understand the reflection process and address the question; "How does this piece of evidence demonstrate my knowledge and skill level in this activity?". The following reflection cycle offers a prescriptive structure while allowing the flexibility necessary for candidates to demonstrate their knowledge, skill, and ability in the unique context of their area and environment. The reflections of the novice teacher are also vital to the assessors charged with the responsibility for judging whether the teacher has met the required level of performance for each standard based activity. Through their responses to the guiding questions, candidates will better be able to put evidence into perspective for the review team members by explaining how the evidence or artifact addresses the standard through the activity.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0000
authors	Bijl, Aart
year	1983
title	Know Your Technology - Or: Can Computers Understand Designers?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.t5s
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. V.1-V.11
summary	Any great expansion of the population of computer users, embracing architects and other ordinary people, will happen only if we change from current computing technology to radically new software technology. Criteria for new technology are discussed, with reference to inadequacies of current technology; we should strive for computers that can understand people. Logic programming is described as one development towards this goal, illustrated by the example of Prolog serving as interpreter of user demands and supporting partial and changing logical models of user activity. Architects can choose computing options now that will put them on a path leading to future new technology. Choice is explained, favouring a software environment that is used by researchers and also supports immediate and practical computer applications. Lessons are drawn for architectural education, to prepare for change that will take place during a student's 40-year working life.
keywords	Software Technology, Logic Programming
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	8e9b
authors	Foque, R. and Hashimshony, R.
year	1983
title	Experience of a Design Exercise, Making Use of the Programs: Goal, Bible & Gloss (Developed by Abacus)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.m4v
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. II.1-II.9
summary	A 6 weeks (2 days a week) design exercise, making use of the above programs, was held the last bimester in the Faculty of Architecture in TH Delft. This exercise was an experimental one for the students, as well as for the teachers. As the exercise had an experimental character, it is clear that a lot should be learned from that experience, both from its positive and negative outcomes. The paper will try to evaluate on this point for the benefit of those intending to set up similar projects.
keywords	Experimental Exercise
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	27f4
authors	Holtz, Neal M. and Rasdorf, William J.
year	1983
title	LISP - A CAD System Programming Language
source	Journal of Technical Topics in Civil Engineers. April, 1983. vol. 109: pp. 58-72
summary	LISP may currently be the best programming language to use for the development of engineering computer-aided design (CAD) systems. While languages like FORTRAN represent important advances over their predecessors, it may be that a single static programming language will never be completely adequate for engineering programming. What is needed is a language that can evolve in response to changing needs. This paper is concerned with the programming languages that support CAD systems. The choice of such a programming language significantly influences the flavor of the product derived from that language. The language should provide a style of interaction and a programming environment that is a good model for software developers. At the very least, this will lead to a consistency among most programs developed using that language. The language should also help reduce program complexity and permit one to program at the level of application concepts, rather than at the level of memory locations. LISP or LISP-like languages provide perhaps our greatest opportunity for reducing program complexity to manageable proportions. More importantly, the systems are of better quality when they reflect the style provided by LISP; they tend to be more easily tailored to the needs of individual users
keywords	CAD, LISP, languages, programming, engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ceb1
authors	Maver, T.
year	1984
title	What is eCAADe?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.d0s
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
summary	The main interest of the organisation is to improve the design, teaching. The design remains the core of the professional education, while computer science can support a better understanding of the design methods. Computers should amplify the human capabilities like engines allowed to carry higher forces, radio and television enabled communication over larger distances and computers today should aid the human intellectual activities, to gain a better insight in design methodology, to investigate the design process.Design research should study more extensively how buildings behave, the integration and interaction of different disciplines which contribute to the optimization of a design and the design criteria. Computers could increase the possibility to satisfy building regulations, to access and update information, to model the design process and to understand how decisions affect the building quality (functional and economical as well as formal aspects). More effort and money should be spent on this research. The organisation has been sponsored by the EEC for bringing CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) educational material at the disposal of the design teachers. The Helsinki conference is the third European meeting (after Delft 1982 and Brussels 1983) which concentrates on information and experience exchange in CAAD-education and looks for common interests and collaboration. A specific joint study program works on typical audiovisual material and lecture notes, which will be updated according to teacher's needs. A demand has been done to implement an integrated CAAD package. eCAADe focuses to integrate computer approaches across country boundaries as well as across disciplinary boundaries, as to reach a higher quality of the design education.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	8324
authors	Musso, Arne
year	1983
title	Justifying Designs
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.k6l
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. 0.1-0.9
summary	A distinction is made between non-justified (not 'unjustified') and justified designs. A good justification requires that a description of the solution space and a rule for selecting one solution should be given. The old but rarely used concept of the planning model is described and it is stressed that it is a useful aid when justifying design decisions. A simple example is presented to illustrate the method. It is pointed out that the use of computers can be helpful when dealing with large solution spaces, complicated evaluation rules and high demands on the quality of the justification. An increasing demand for design justification is observed, which may result in increased computer application. The hope is expressed that planning models will be used in this connection for better communication.
keywords	Planning Model, Design Decisions, Communication
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.tu-berlin.de
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	6eaa
authors	O’Connell, Dermot
year	1983
title	An Educational Strategy for CAAD and its Implementation in a New System with a Sophisticated Interface
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.i0c
source	Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.1-I.19
summary	Reasons are examined for the slower uptake of CAD in architecture than in engineering. An appropriate response to Computer-Aided Architectural Design is overdue from the educational sector. Schools of Architecture should put CAAD to the forefront in their plans, taking an ambitious long-term view and aiming for high-quality system design to anticipate the industry's drive to produce first-class equipment progressively more cheaply. Schools should press for changes in the way facilities are supplied to them. They should discard obsolete software, buy software commercially, stick to what they can do best, and plan for concomitant changes across the curriculum. A new CAAD system with the emphasis on the design interface being implemented in UCD School of Architecture is briefly described.
keywords	CAAD, System Design
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	c25a
authors	Israel, David J.
year	1983
title	The Role of Logic in Knowledge Representation
source	IEEE Computer. October, 1983. vol. 16: pp. 37-41 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	AI researchers have long debated over the value of logic in knowledge representation. This article discusses the debate between John McCarthy's and Marvin Minsky's philosophies on how to make true thinking machines, and what do they mean when they speak about 'logic.'
keywords	AI, logic, representation, philosophy, theory
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	sigradi2005_037
id	sigradi2005_037
authors	Maciel, Mario
year	2005
title	Interactive virtual art
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 37-41
summary	The interactivity presumes behavior action events exercised mutually between machines, between digital information and persons, between two or more persons, machines and digital information in real time. Nelson Max presented in Paris the first interactive landscape in 1983. The pioneer of scientific image was Ivan Sutherland, researcher of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Another fundamental reference is Sonia Sheridan that invented a system where the user could modify the original image and visualize the result in real time. In Brazil, as well as in the outside, artists in assembly with scientists, see developing works computacionais with resorts of immersion and interatividade. Like this, in that search of new references, the text presents initially the main concepts about interactive virtual art and analyzes two important expositions: Emoção Art.Ficial 2.0 and Maior ou igual a 4D: computer art interactive. [Full paper in Portuguese]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	abb6
authors	Woodbury, Robert F. and Glass, Gregory John
year	1983
title	VEGA : A Geometric Modelling System
source	11 p. : ill. December, 1983. DRC- 48-04-83. includes bibliography
summary	VEGA is an interactive geometric modelling system which has been developed at Carnegie-mellon University primarily for education in architecture and the arts. Its educational use is twofold: first as a medium for description and manipulation of form to aid in creative work and second as a base package of procedures that may be used by advanced architecture students in the creation of specialized modelling packages. VEGA is written in PASCAL. There are versions of VEGA currently running on VAX 11/780 computer under the UNIX and VMS operating systems. VEGA has been designed to run on a stand-alone personal computer. Currently VEGA is being converted to run on Sun Microsystems and PERQ machines. VEGA is used in the undergraduate curriculum of the School of Architecture at Carnegie-Mellon University. Its primary use to date has been as a means to introduce geometric modelling to architecture students who have minimal computer experience. VEGA may be viewed as a complete geometric modelling package or as a programming aid for development of special purpose geometric modelling programs. To date, one such specialized system, a robot arm design package, has been created as a student project. The development of the VEGA system is continuing. Current areas of interest include the development of more powerful geometric operations on polyhedra, parametric shapes and assemblies, instancing of sub- assemblies, user definition of primitive shapes and an interactive macro language for the manipulation of form
keywords	assemblies, user interface, modeling, polyhedra, CAD, education, architecture, geometric modeling, solid modeling
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ea43
authors	Roberts, Teresa L. and Moran, Thomas P.
year	1983
title	The Evaluation of Text Editors : Methodology and Empirical Results
source	Communications of the ACM. April 1983. vol. 26: pp. 265-283 : diagrams and tables. includes bibliography
summary	This paper presents a methodology for evaluating text editors on several dimensions: the time it takes experts to perform basic editing tasks, the time experts spend making and correcting errors, the rate at which novices learn to perform basic editing tasks, and the functionality of editors over more complex tasks. Time, errors, and learning are measured experimentally; functionality is measured analytically; time is also calculated analytically. The methodology has thus far been used to evaluate nine diverse text editors, producing an initial database of performance results. The database is used to tell us not only about the editors but also about the users - the magnitude of individual differences and the factors affecting novice learning
keywords	design, evaluation, word processing
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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