Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	4685
authors	Barsky, Brian A.
year	1984
title	A Description and Evaluation of Various 3-D Models
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. January, 1984. vol. 4: pp. 38-52 : ill. Includes bibliography
summary	The use of parametric curves and surfaces for object modeling in computer graphics is becoming increasingly popular. There is sometimes, however, a reluctance to use them because it seems that the added power they give is more than offset by the complexity of their formulations and their computations. The purpose of this article is to clarify their meanings and uses and show how much they have in common behind the diversity of their formulations. The author discusses the properties and benefits of using the parametric Hermite, Coons, Bezier, B-spline, and Beta-spline curve and surface formulations
keywords	Hermite, Coons, curved surfaces, Bezier, curves, B- splines, computational geometry, computer graphics
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4e4e
authors	Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel
year	1984
title	Geometric Structures for Three- Dimensional Shape Representation
source	ACM Transactions on Graphics. October, 1984. vol. 3: pp. 266-286 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Different geometric structures are investigated in the context of discrete surface representation. It is shown that minimal representations (i.e., polyhedra) can be provided by a surface-based method using nearest neighbors structures or by a volume-based method using the Delaunay triangulation. Both approaches are compared with respect to various criteria, such as space requirements, computation time, constraints on the distribution of the points, facilities for further calculations, and agreement with the actual shape of the object
keywords	algorithms, polyhedra, curves, curved surfaces, solids, representation, geometric modeling, data structures
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	61be
authors	Goldberg, A.J.
year	1984
title	Smalltalk-80: The Interactive Programming Environment
source	Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
summary	This book describes the process by which Smalltalk was introduced to people outside Xerox PARC, where it was developed. This book first describes the incredibly exciting history of how Smalltalk was built from scratch. It then goes on to show the way in which Smalltalk was made public. At first, this was an engineering process. Large companies were contacted and offered to participate by porting the Smalltalk VM to their machines, and then running an image provided on tape. Each of these teams then wrote a paper on their experience, and these original papers are included in this book. Xerox PARC also wrote its own paper. These papers are an invaluable source of information for any Smalltalker. They range from overall design issues down to statistics on the work of the VM and image contents.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	4551
authors	Griffiths, J.G.
year	1984
title	A Depth-Coherence Scanline Algorithm for Displaying Curved Surfaces
source	Computer Aided Design. March, 1984. vol. 16: pp. 91-101 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A scanline algorithm is presented which generates a realistic picture of a solid object bounded by curved surfaces. Externally, a surface is described by parametric equations. The internal representation is comprised of meshes of cubic splines which may be subdivided. Memory is saved by delaying subdivision, and by using a novel garbage collection technique. Time is saved by exploiting depth coherence. A viewpoint and scanline fix a cross-section represented as a set of curves. There are usually only a few of these to compare, and the curve nearest the viewer often remains nearest over much of its length
keywords	algorithms, curves, curved surfaces, splines, computer graphics, hidden surfaces
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	63a9
authors	Hellgardt, Michael
year	1993
title	Architectural Theory and Design Grammars
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.i6u
summary	The idea of artificial brains and artificial intelligence (AI) has been subject to criticism. The objection of J. Searle, for instance, which has been published in 1984 and which was partially directly addressed to one of the centres of AI, the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, is mainly based on two points: (1) interactions between physiological and mental functions, and (2) the intentionality and context-relatedness of meaning. - With an emphasis on architectural design, this paper is about the second point, because the problem of meaning is a neuralgic point in the discussion of "artificial intelligence in design" (AID). Technical parameters are incompatible with mechanisms of meaning in any field of artistic, cultural or non-technical expression. This point, that is the relation between acts of meaning and acts of technical problem-solving and, connectedly, the relation between technological and architectural design, has been widely ignored in the discussion on AID. The development seems to be dominated by the tacit assumption that architecture can be articulated and generated purely in technical and formal terms of information processing beyond the field of architecture itself. Design and shape grammars have become a well established field in the discussion of AID, also with respect to architecture. But questions of architectural history and theory are touched on only incidentally and not sufficiently in this discussion. The problem is not, in other words, simply to include more or less unrelated cases of architecture, or architectural concepts -even if these are famous ones, such as Laugier's original hut for instance but to establish structural relations between arguments of architectural theory and arguments of AID.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	812d
authors	Peng, Q. S.
year	1984
title	An Algorithm for Finding the Intersection Lines Between Two B-Spline Surfaces
source	Computer Aided Design July, 1984. vol. 16: pp. 191-196 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	A divide-and-conquer algorithm is presented for finding all the intersection lines between two B-spline surfaces. Each surface is organized as an n-branch tree. For each intersection line, an initial point is detected after a depth-first search along one tree, i.e. the host tree. Extrapolation methods are then used to trace the entire length of the line, thus the line appears naturally in a continuous form. Efficiency of the algorithm is achieved by employing of an adaptive division strategy and by the careful choice of the representation basis of the patches on both surfaces
keywords	logic, algorithms, B-splines, techniques, divide-and- conquer, intersection, curves, curved surfaces, representation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	8860
authors	Choi, B.K., Barash, M.M. and Anderson, D.C.
year	1984
title	Automatic Recognition of Machined Surfaces from a 3D Solid Model
source	computer Aided Design. March, 1984. vol. 16: pp. 81-86 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	It has been proposed that a direct link between CAD and CAM be provided through a computer-automated process planning system. Described in this paper are algorithmic procedures to identify machined surfaces (i.e., machining requirements) for a workpiece directly from its 3D geometric description. A machined surface is a portion of workpiece that can be generated by a certain mode of metal removal operation. Machined surfaces are algorithmically recognized from a 3D boundary file, and then their 2 1/2D descriptions are obtained in a data structure (format) suitable for an automated process planning system. A simplified boundary file data structure is introduced in order to explain the machined surface recognition procedures
keywords	A machined surface type is defined as a pattern of faces, and a syntactic pattern recognition method is used to find the machined surface from the boundary file
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	26de
authors	Enderle, G., K. Kansy and Pfaff, G.
year	1984
title	Computer Graphics Programming : GKS - the graphics standard
source	542 p. : ill. (some col.) Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984. includes bibliography: p. 527-532 and index. -- (Symbolic Computation Series)
summary	Covers computer graphics programming on the basis of the Graphical Kernel System. It gives an overview over the GKS concepts, the history of the GKS design and the various system interfaces. A detailed description of the application of GKS functions both in PASCAL and FORTRAN is a significant part
keywords	standards, computer graphics, GKS, programming
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	3386
authors	Gavin, L., Keuppers, S., Mottram, C. and Penn, A.
year	2001
title	Awareness Space in Distributed Social Networks
source	Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 615-628
summary	In the real work environment we are constantly aware of the presence and activity of others. We know when people are away from their desks, whether they are doing concentrated work, or whether they are available for interaction. We use this peripheral awareness of others to guide our interactions and social behaviour. However, when teams of workers are spatially separated we lose 'awareness' information and this severely inhibits interaction and information flow. The Theatre of Work (TOWER) aims to develop a virtual space to help create a sense of social awareness and presence to support distributed working. Presence, status and activity of other people are made visible in the theatre of work and allow one to build peripheral awareness of the current activity patterns of those who we do not share space with in reality. TOWER is developing a construction set to augment the workplace with synchronous as well as asynchronous awareness. Current, synchronous activity patterns and statuses are played out in a 3D virtual space through the use of symbolic acting. The environment itself however is automatically constructed on the basis of the organisation's information resources and is in effect an information space. Location of the symbolic actor in the environment can therefore represent the focus of that person's current activity. The environment itself evolves to reflect historic patterns of information use and exchange, and becomes an asynchronous representation of the past history of the organisation. A module that records specific episodes from the synchronous event cycle as a Docudrama forms an asynchronous information resource to give a history of team work and decision taking. The TOWER environment is displayed using a number of screen based and ambient display devices. Current status and activity events are supplied to the system using a range of sensors both in the real environment and in the information systems. The methodology has been established as a two-stage process. The 3D spatial environment will be automatically constructed or generated from some aspect of the pre-existing organisational structure or its information resources or usage patterns. The methodology must be extended to provide means for that structure to grow and evolve in the light of patterns of actual user behaviour in the TOWER space. We have developed a generative algorithm that uses a cell aggregation process to transcribe the information space into a 3d space. In stage 2 that space was analysed using space syntax methods (Hillier & Hanson, 1984; Hillier 1996) to allow the properties of permeability and intelligibility to be measured, and then these fed back into the generative algorithm. Finally, these same measures have been used to evaluate the spatialised behaviour that users of the TOWER space show, and will used to feed this back into the evolution of the space. The stage of transcription from information structure to 3d space through a generative algorithm is critical since it is this stage that allows neighbourhood relations to be created that are not present in the original information structure. It is these relations that could be expected to help increase social density.
keywords	Algorithmic Form Generation, Distributed Workgroups, Space Syntax
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

_id	2667
authors	Gonzalez, C.J., Williams, M.H. and Atichison, I.E.
year	1984
title	Evaluation of the Effectiveness of PROLOG for a CAD Application
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications March, 1984. vol. 4: pp. 67-75 : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	A comparison between PROLOG and PASCAL by implementing them on a PDP-11/34 in order to study whether PROLOG could be used as a language for programming CAD applications and if so how could it be used. To obtain a fair perspective Pascal was chosen as a model for programming languages because it is well structured, embodying all the control structures required for structured programming and providing a wide range of data structure like PROLOG
keywords	PROLOG, PASCAL, CAD, applications, programming, languages
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	ddss2008-02
id	ddss2008-02
authors	Gonçalves Barros, Ana Paula Borba; Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros, Paulo Cesar Marques da Silva and Frederico de Holanda
year	2008
title	Road hierarchy and speed limits in Brasília/Brazil
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	This paper aims at exploring the theory of the Social Logic of Space or Space Syntax as a strategy to define parameters of road hierarchy and, if this use is found possible, to establish maximum speeds allowed in the transportation system of Brasília, the capital city of Brazil. Space Syntax – a theory developed by Hillier and Hanson (1984) – incorporates the space topological relationships, considering the city shape and its influence in the distribution of movements within the space. The theory’s axiality method – used in this study – analyses the accessibility to the street network relationships, by means of the system’s integration, one of its explicative variables in terms of copresence, or potential co-existence between the through-passing movements of people and vehicles (Hillier, 1996). One of the most used concepts of Space Syntax in the integration, which represents the potential flow generation in the road axes and is the focus of this paper. It is believed there is a strong correlation between urban space-form configuration and the way flows and movements are distributed in the city, considering nodes articulations and the topological location of segments and streets in the grid (Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2006). For urban transportation studies, traffic-related problems are often investigated and simulated by assignment models – well-established in traffic studies. Space Syntax, on the other hand, is a tool with few applications in transport (Barros, 2006; Barros et al, 2007), an area where configurational models are considered to present inconsistencies when used in transportation (cf. Cybis et al, 1996). Although this is true in some cases, it should not be generalized. Therefore, in order to simulate and evaluate Space Syntax for the traffic approach, the city of Brasília was used as a case study. The reason for the choice was the fact the capital of Brazil is a masterpiece of modern urban design and presents a unique urban layout based on an axial grid system considering several express and arterial long roads, each one with 3 to 6 lanes,
keywords	Space syntax, road hierarchy
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	e799
authors	Howes, Jaki
year	1986
title	Computer Education in Schools of Architecture and the Needs of Practice
source	Teaching and Research Experience with CAAD [4th eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Rome (Italy) 11-13 September 1986, pp. 45-48
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1986.045
summary	In April 1985 there was a meeting (at Huddersfield Polytechnic) or representatives from 26 Schools of Architecture. At this, concern was expressed about the lack of direction from the RIBA with regard to the appropriate level of computer teaching on architectural courses. In addition, it was felt that it was essential that at least one member of a Visiting Board panel should be computer literate and in a position to give advice. These points were raised at the RIBA Computer Committee later in 1985, and the committee's attention was also drawn to comments contained in the report by HM Inspector on Public Sector Education in Architecture (1985) based on investigations made during 1984.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	6bac
authors	Piegl, L.
year	1984
title	A Generalization of the Bernstein-Bezier Method
source	Computer Aided Design. Butterworth & Co. (publishers) Ltd., July, 1984. vol. 16: pp. 209-215 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A representation for parametric curves and surfaces is presented which generalizes the scheme of the nonrational Bezier curve and surface by introducing appropriate parameters into the parametric forms. A brief discussion of the continuity conditions and a comparison with the rational Bezier curve and surface are included
keywords	parametrization, curves, curved surfaces, Bezier
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	c57c
authors	Pöyry Matti (Ed.)
year	1984
title	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [Conference Proceedings]
source	eCAADe Conference Proceedings / Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984
summary	The conference took place in the Department of Architecture of the Helsinki University of Technology (Otaniemi). There were 63 delegates from Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Australia, France, Israel, Germany, Norway, United Kingdom, Denmark, California and the Netherlands. The conference program was divided into three parts, namely general lectures (T. Maver, W. Mitchell, A. Neil and J. Gero), national situation reports and parallel workshops.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	6ed3
authors	Rasdorf, William J. and Storaasli, Olaf O.
year	1985
title	The Role of Computing in Engineering Education
source	Toward Expert Systems, Computers and Structures. Pergamon Press, July, 1985. vol. 20: pp. 11-15. Also published in: Advances and Trends in Structures and Dynamics edited by A. K. Noor and R. J. Hayduk
summary	Pergamon Press, 1985. --- Also Published in : Proceedings of the Symposium on Advances and Trends in Structures and Dynamics, Pergamon Press, George Washington University and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. pp. 11-15, Oct.1984. The rapid advances occurring in interactive micro-computing and computer science have provided the engineer with a powerful means of processing, storing, retrieving, and displaying data. The effective use of computer technology in engineering processes and applications is recognized by many as the key to increased individual, company, and national productivity. The implications of this observation for the academic community are clear: we must prepare our students to use computer methods and applications as part of their fundamental education. The proper tradeoff between engineering fundamentals and computer science principles and practices is changing with many of the concepts of engineering now being packaged in algorithms or on computer chips. The components of an education should include operating system fundamentals, data structures, program control and organization, algorithms, and computer architectures. It is critically important for engineering students to receive an education that teaches them these fundamentals. This paper suggests that to convey the essentials of computer science to future engineers requires, in part, the addition of computer courses to the engineering curriculum. It also requires a strengthening of the computing content of many other courses so that students come to treat the computer as a fundamental component of their work. This is a major undertaking, but new engineers graduating with advanced computing knowledge will provide potentially significant future innovations in the engineering profession
keywords	CAE, education, civil engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8844
authors	Rasdorf, William J.
year	1984
title	Relational Database Modeling of Building Design Data
source	Computing in Civil Engineering Conference Proceedings (3rd : 1984 : San Diego). American Society Of Civil Engineers, pp. 364-371. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	This paper discusses the use of a relational database for representing the data gathered and derived during the building design process. In doing so, it considers the complexity of the relationships among a structure's topology, geometry, and attributes, and the critical requirements they impose on the development of a building design database. In the broad arena of computer-aided design, relational database management systems are establishing themselves as useful engineering tools. This is occurring at a time when engineers and architects are moving toward centralized and integrated databases of design information. In such a database, information is directly and readily available to all members of the design team, allowing them to work concurrently on an accurate representation of a wide variety of engineering design data. This paper presents the use of a relational database to model building design data and shows that the relationships among topology, geometry, and attributes can be successfully modeled relationally. The feasibility of interaction between engineering applications programs and the database is also indicated. Although the paper concentrates on structural design data for buildings, the relational model can also be used to represent the data of other engineering design disciplines as well as the data for other structures, assemblies, systems, and processes
keywords	relational database, civil engineering, CAD
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c8c3
authors	Schucker, Kurt J.
year	1984
title	Fuzzy Sets, Natural Language Compositions, and Risk Analysis
source	xv, 192 p. : ill. Rockville, Maryland: Computer science press, inc., 1984. includes bibliography: p. 155-185 and index
summary	A new approach to analyze the risks a computer system may be subject to. A non-numeric method that allows natural language expression is presented. A tutorial for implementation of the ideas of fuzzy set theory in general, and of the linguistic approach to risk analysis in particular, are discussed
keywords	natural languages, fuzzy logic, analysis, programming
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	452c
authors	Vanier, D. J. and Worling, Jamie
year	1986
title	Three-dimensional Visualization: A Case Study
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 92-102
summary	Three-dimensional computer visualization has intrigued both building designers and computer scientists for decades. Research and conference papers present an extensive list of existing and potential uses for threedimensional geometric data for the building industry (Baer et al., 1979). Early studies on visualization include urban planning (Rogers, 1980), treeshading simulation (Schiler and Greenberg, 1980), sun studies (Anon, 1984), finite element analysis (Proulx, 1983), and facade texture rendering (Nizzolese, 1980). With the advent of better interfaces, faster computer processing speeds and better application packages, there had been interest on the part of both researchers and practitioners in three-dimensional -models for energy analysis (Pittman and Greenberg, 1980), modelling with transparencies (Hebert, 1982), super-realistic rendering (Greenberg, 1984), visual impact (Bridges, 1983), interference clash checking (Trickett, 1980), and complex object visualization (Haward, 1984). The Division of Building Research is currently investigating the application of geometric modelling in the building delivery process using sophisticated software (Evans, 1985). The first stage of the project (Vanier, 1985), a feasibility study, deals with the aesthetics of the mode. It identifies two significant requirements for geometric modelling systems: the need for a comprehensive data structure and the requirement for realistic accuracies and tolerances. This chapter presents the results of the second phase of this geometric modelling project, which is the construction of 'working' and 'presentation' models for a building.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	a688
authors	Walters, R. J.
year	1984
title	Towards and End User View of Design Systems
source	1984? pp. 17-27 : tables. includes bibliography
summary	Based upon detailed reporting of CAD use in hospital projects, an end user's view of design systems is developed. From the recorded user experience system development, implementation, performance in use and effects upon design practice are assessed. Aspects of user technique are developed. Current systems are found to be flawed but satisfactory results may be obtained under the right conditions. These are identified. The range of factors required in the development of an end user view of design systems also identified. An evaluation of the use of OXSYS/BDS on Milton Keynes DGH is presented together with an assessment of CAD use (both BDS and GDS) on health building projects at Oxford RHA. The paper summaries a detailed report (Walters 83). The paper is presented in 4 parts: an introduction, results of a detailed case study and an assessment leading towards an end user view of current design systems
keywords	design, CAD, systems, applications, practice, user interface, evaluation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	409c
authors	Akin, Omer, Flemming, Ulrich and Woodbury, Robert F.
year	1984
title	Development of Computer Systems for Use in Architectural Education
source	1984. ii, 47 p. includes bibliography
summary	Computers have not been used in education in a way that fosters intellectual development of alternate approaches to design. Sufficient theory exists to use computing devices to support other potentially fruitful approaches to design. A proposal is made for the development of a computer system for architectural education which is built upon a particular model for design, that of rational decision making. Within the framework provided by the model, a series of courseware development projects are proposed which together with hardware acquisitions constitute a comprehensive computer system for architectural education
keywords	architecture, education, design, decision making
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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