Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	8860
authors	Choi, B.K., Barash, M.M. and Anderson, D.C.
year	1984
title	Automatic Recognition of Machined Surfaces from a 3D Solid Model
source	computer Aided Design. March, 1984. vol. 16: pp. 81-86 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	It has been proposed that a direct link between CAD and CAM be provided through a computer-automated process planning system. Described in this paper are algorithmic procedures to identify machined surfaces (i.e., machining requirements) for a workpiece directly from its 3D geometric description. A machined surface is a portion of workpiece that can be generated by a certain mode of metal removal operation. Machined surfaces are algorithmically recognized from a 3D boundary file, and then their 2 1/2D descriptions are obtained in a data structure (format) suitable for an automated process planning system. A simplified boundary file data structure is introduced in order to explain the machined surface recognition procedures
keywords	A machined surface type is defined as a pattern of faces, and a syntactic pattern recognition method is used to find the machined surface from the boundary file
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	20a8
authors	Ruffle, Simon
year	1986
title	How Can CAD Provide for the Changing Role of the Architect?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 197-199
summary	At the RIBA Conference of 1981 entitled 'New Opportunities', and more recently at the 1984 ACA Annual Conference on 'Architects in Competition' there has been talk of marketing, new areas of practice, recapturing areas of practice lost to other professions, more accountability to client and public 'the decline of the mystique of the professional'. It is these issues, rather than technical advances in software and hardware, that will be the prime movers in getting computers into widespread practice in the future. In this chapter we will examine how changing attitudes in the profession might affect three practical issues in computing with which the author has been preoccupied in the past year. We will conclude by considering how, in future, early design stage computing may need to be linked to architectural theory, and, as this is a conference where we are encouraged to be outspoken, we will raise the issue of a computer-based theory of architecture.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	8fd4
authors	Christiansson, Per
year	1984
title	Integrated Computer Aided Design: Present and Future Data Structure
source	CIB W78, Colloquium June, 1984. 6 p. : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	The article presents some viewpoints on data structures which may mirror the building process and development of integrated computer aided design systems. The emphasis is upon the necessity to find a sufficiently valid general approach to system development in order to meet the fast evolution within the field and the demand for development strategies
keywords	data structures, integration, CAD, systems, building process, architecture, standards, construction
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	avocaad_2001_15
id	avocaad_2001_15
authors	Henri Achten, Jos van Leeuwen
year	2001
title	Scheming and Plotting your Way into Architectural Complexity
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	The problem of complexity underlies all design problems. With the advent of CAD however, our ability to truly represent complexity has increased considerably. Following the four waves of design methodology as distinguished by Cross (1984), we see changing architectural design attitudes with respect to complexity. Rather than viewing it as problematic issue, designers such as Koolhaas, van Berkel, Lynn, and Franke embrace complexity and make it a focus in their design work. The computer is an indispensable instrument in this approach. The paper discusses the current state of the art in architectural design positions on complexity and CAAD, and reflects in particular on the role of design representations in this discussion. It is advanced that a number of recent developments are based on an intensified use of design representations such as schema’s, diagrams, and interactive modelling techniques. Within the field of possibilities in this field, the authors discuss Feature-Based Modelling (FBM) as a formalism to represent knowledge of the design. It is demonstrated how the FBM approach can be used to describe graphic representations as used in design, and how other levels and kinds of design knowledge can be incorporated, in particular the less definite qualitative information in the early design phase. The discussion section concludes with an extrapolation of the current role of design representation in the design process, and advances a few positions on the advantage and disadvantage of this role in architectural design.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	40d6
authors	Johnson, Robert E.
year	1984
title	The Integration of Economic Analysis and Computer-based Building Models
source	CIB W-65 Symposium. July, 1984. [19] p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Most current methods used to evaluate the economics of building designs are inadequate in that they focus on the evaluation of completed designs and do not assist in the development and creation of designs. They are used after most major design decisions have been made. This paper describes the first year of a two year research project (funded by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Government) which seeks to integrate economic analysis techniques into design decision-making within the context of an interactive computer-aided architectural and engineering design system. Issues reviewed include the current state of computer software, existing economic analysis models and existing economic analysis software. A conclusion is reached that most economic analysis systems fall into the category of single purpose software and are not adaptable to the wide range of idiosyncratic evaluation models used in real estate, architecture, engineering, construction and building management. Objectives are proposed for a general purpose, interactive cost modeling system that is integrated with a geometric computer-based building model. Initial experiments with a prototype of this system at various stages of the design-construction-use process are discussed. Further development of this system as a research tool for exploring alternative economic modeling procedures is presented
keywords	analysis, evaluation, CAD, architecture, design, methods, economics, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	e0a3
authors	Johnson, Robert E.
year	1984
title	Computer-Aided Energy Economics for Early Concept Design Analysis
source	Building Economics, International Symposium Proceedings (3rd : Canada). 1984? vol. 3: pp.46-57 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Decisions that have the greatest impact on energy cost performance are made very early in the design process. The problem is that these early design decisions are rarely tested thoroughly until very late in design. Usually this is due to the difficulties inherent in the use of the more sophisticated analysis procedures. Hourly energy computer simulations are costly to use, often require detailed input preparation, and use large ''main-frame' computers. Easier to use energy evaluation tools such as manual calculations and simplified computer programs do not yield reliable results. This is particularly true when passive solar design solutions are being tested. However, even the sophisticated approaches often have a limited ability to comprehensively model the economic implications of the more accurate energy simulations. This paper is intended to describe efforts at the University of Michigan to develop a more integrated approach to the assessment of energy economics - one that may be used at the earliest stages of concept design. The approach taken has been to concentrate on developing interactive, easy to use computer programs to describe building design proposals. This computer-generated building model is then used to automatically generate the information required to run a large, sophisticated energy analysis program developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (BLAST). Total life cycle cost analysis is performed either using procedures within BLAST or an 'electronic spreadsheet' system. Perceived deficiencies in the current state of this energy/cost evaluation system are described, and future research directions are presented
keywords	architecture, energy, analysis, CAD, economics, design, methods
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	ab9c
authors	Kvan, Thomas and Kvan, Erik
year	1999
title	Is Design Really Social
source	International Journal of Virtual Reality, 4:1
summary	There are many who will readily agree with Mitchell's assertion that "the most interesting new directions (for computer-aided design) are suggested by the growing convergence of computation and telecommunication. This allows us to treat designing not just as a technical process... but also as a social process." [Mitchell 1995]. The assumption is that design was a social process until users of computer-aided design systems were distracted into treating it as a merely technical process. Most readers will assume that this convergence must and will lead to increased communication between design participants, that better social interaction leads to be better design. The unspoken assumption appears to be that putting the participants into an environment with maximal communication channels will result in design collaboration. The tools provided, therefore, must permit the best communication and the best social interaction. We see a danger here, a pattern being repeated which may lead us into less than useful activities. As with several (popular) architectural design or modelling systems already available, however, computer system implementations all too often are poor imitations manual systems. For example, few in the field will argue with the statement that the storage of data in layers in a computer-aided drafting system is an dispensable approach. Layers derive from manual overlay drafting technology [Stitt 1984] which was regarded as an advanced (manual) production concept at the time many software engineers were specifying CAD software designs. Early implementations of CAD systems (such as RUCAPS, GDS, Computervision) avoided such data organisation, the software engineers recognising that object-based structures are more flexible, permitting greater control of data editing and display. Layer-based systems, however, are easier to implement in software, more familiar to the user and hence easier to explain, initially easier to use but more limiting for an experienced and thoughtful user, leading in the end to a lesser quality in resultant drawings and significant problems in output control (see Richens [1990], pp. 31-40 for a detailed analysis of such features and constraints). Here then we see the design for architectural software faithfully but inappropriately following manual methods. So too is there a danger of assuming that the best social interaction is that done face-to-face, therefore all collaborative design communications environments must mimic face-to-face.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 10:29

_id	2885
authors	Lansdown, J. and Maver, T.W.
year	1984
title	CAD in Architecture and Building
source	Computer Aided Design, Vol 16, No 3
summary	CAAD tool have gradually come into use in architecture over the past years. Appraisal and evaluation of designs and design tools and the preparation of product innovations are discussed. Types of visualisation and flexible layout programs for CAAD are assessed. The areas which knowledge-based design systems should cover are discussed .
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/06/10 15:55

_id	8c95
authors	Liu, Clive K.
year	1984
title	Drawings as Models for Design: A Computer Drawing System to Build Models Supporting Design Process through Abstractions
source	Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh
summary	A general design process can be characterized by the sequence of defining various abstract objects used to represent the artifact. For example, designers use various abstractions (dclined as abstrnct objects), such as graphs, polygons, etc., to represent the artifact. As design evolves, these abstract objects will be transformed into a definition (eg. of a building) detailed enough to allow manufacturing and to determine that the result will perform as desired. This thesis is concerned with providing a computer drawing system that could support various abstractions in the design process and allow various representations of the design to be processed and interpreted. A precise drawing contains not only the shape information, but also conveys many topological and geometric relations that its elements must hold to correspond to the arbfact in reality. For many operations during design, one wants these type of relations to be maintained. Other than the drawing being an iconic model, these relations are the semantics of the drawing and, if embedded in the drawing, imbue it with many characteristics of a symbolic model. Current CAD systems have no or limited mechanisms for embedding such relations in a drawing. It is my intent to demonstrate that drawings, especially for shape (both topologV and geometry) information, can be defined as various abstract objects during design process. Therefore, drawings are used as models to represent the artifact. When a model is manipulated, relations defined in the model are maintained.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	ceb1
authors	Maver, T.
year	1984
title	What is eCAADe?
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.d0s
summary	The main interest of the organisation is to improve the design, teaching. The design remains the core of the professional education, while computer science can support a better understanding of the design methods. Computers should amplify the human capabilities like engines allowed to carry higher forces, radio and television enabled communication over larger distances and computers today should aid the human intellectual activities, to gain a better insight in design methodology, to investigate the design process.Design research should study more extensively how buildings behave, the integration and interaction of different disciplines which contribute to the optimization of a design and the design criteria. Computers could increase the possibility to satisfy building regulations, to access and update information, to model the design process and to understand how decisions affect the building quality (functional and economical as well as formal aspects). More effort and money should be spent on this research. The organisation has been sponsored by the EEC for bringing CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) educational material at the disposal of the design teachers. The Helsinki conference is the third European meeting (after Delft 1982 and Brussels 1983) which concentrates on information and experience exchange in CAAD-education and looks for common interests and collaboration. A specific joint study program works on typical audiovisual material and lecture notes, which will be updated according to teacher's needs. A demand has been done to implement an integrated CAAD package. eCAADe focuses to integrate computer approaches across country boundaries as well as across disciplinary boundaries, as to reach a higher quality of the design education.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ac8b
authors	Mitchell, W.
year	1984
title	CAD Technology, Its Effects on Practice and the Response of Education - an Overview
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.b3c
summary	Related with the evolution of hardware there also is an evolution of CAD techniques. The very first CAD/CAM packages were developed on mainframes. They moved into practice when 16-bit minicomputers became available. The packages mainly were production drafting applications. The 32-bit super minicomputers give wider possibilities, but at the same time some software problems arise, namely the complexity of CAD- databases and the development and maintenance cost of large programs. With VLSI the distribution of intelligence becomes possible, the enthousiasm for CAD increases, but still the gap between available hardware and high quality software, remains high.Concerning CAD teaching there are severe problems. First of all there are not enough really good designers which know CAD in such a way that they can teach it. Second there is a shortage of equipment and a financial problem. Thirdly there is the question what the students need to know about CAD. which is not clear at the moment. At the University of California, Los Angeles, the following 5 subjects are teached: Computer Support, Computer Literacy, Professional Practice Implications, Exploration of CAD as a Design Medium and Theoretical Foundations of CAD. To use computers as a medium it is necessary to understand architecture, its objects, its operators and its evaluation criteria. The last topic is considered at research level.
series	eCAADe
email
more	www.ecaade.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	8844
authors	Rasdorf, William J.
year	1984
title	Relational Database Modeling of Building Design Data
source	Computing in Civil Engineering Conference Proceedings (3rd : 1984 : San Diego). American Society Of Civil Engineers, pp. 364-371. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	This paper discusses the use of a relational database for representing the data gathered and derived during the building design process. In doing so, it considers the complexity of the relationships among a structure's topology, geometry, and attributes, and the critical requirements they impose on the development of a building design database. In the broad arena of computer-aided design, relational database management systems are establishing themselves as useful engineering tools. This is occurring at a time when engineers and architects are moving toward centralized and integrated databases of design information. In such a database, information is directly and readily available to all members of the design team, allowing them to work concurrently on an accurate representation of a wide variety of engineering design data. This paper presents the use of a relational database to model building design data and shows that the relationships among topology, geometry, and attributes can be successfully modeled relationally. The feasibility of interaction between engineering applications programs and the database is also indicated. Although the paper concentrates on structural design data for buildings, the relational model can also be used to represent the data of other engineering design disciplines as well as the data for other structures, assemblies, systems, and processes
keywords	relational database, civil engineering, CAD
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	46b0
authors	Schijf, Rik
year	1986
title	CAD in the Netherlands: Integrated CAD
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 176-184
summary	One of the things in which a small country can excel is its number of architects' offices per inhabitant. In the Netherlands this is approximately one in 6500, or twice the UK density (CBS, 1984; CICA, 1982). Of the 2150 Dutch offices, 88 per cent employ less than 10 people, which compares rather well with the British Situation. For the Netherlands it is interesting that its boom in CAD, on average an annual doubling or tripling for the next few years, is likely to coincide with a revolution in CAD itself. There is no doubt that very soon the personal and larger CAD systems will clash at supermicro-level.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	6c6f
authors	Shaviv, Edna
year	1984
title	National Situation Report: Technion (Haifa, Israel)
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.j7u
summary	In Israel there is only one School of Architecture. CAAD teaching has been introduced since 1969-1970. Last year it has been decided that each department (electronical, mechanical, architectural) will have its own CAD laboratory for computer graphics, based on a super minicomputer (CDC Cyber 170/720). The following software is available for CAAD : CD2000 (wireframe drawings), ICEM (solid modelling), TIGS (terminal independent graphics system), GOAL and BIBLE, ACA (integrated CAAD software). At the Technion teachers and architects which can educate CAAD are available. The following courses are teached : Computer Aided Architectural Design (I + II), Computer Methods in City Planning, Mathematical Models in Architectural Design, Design Course - Geometrical Modelling, Design Course - Solar Energy Design Seminar. It was decided that since next year the following courses will use CAAD : Design course - Geometrical Modelling and Appraisal, Morphology I, 2D-Design and Design Course - Passive Solar Communities.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	a166
authors	Van der Heiden, G. H. and Grandjean, E.
year	1984
title	Ergonomic Studies in Computer-Aided Design Ergodesign 84 -- Ergonomics and Design in the Electronic Office:2. Field Studies, Office Furniture and Hardware
source	Behaviour and Information Technology 1984 v.3 n.4 p.341-346
summary	This paper describes the results of an ergonomic survey on interactive graphics workstations for computer-aided design (CAD). A work-sampling study was carried out to characterize the use of keyboard, digitizer tablet and video display. Subjective impressions of CAD software, CAD hardware and health aspects were collected by means of a questionnaire. Working methods and working postures were recorded on videotape. The two most important differences in comparison with other office terminals are: (i) dynamic working methods result in an absence of constrained postures in CAD operators and allow full-body exercise; (ii) CAD operators spend more time (46-68 per cent of working hours) viewing the video display than the average office terminal operator. Some ergonomic recommendations have been deduced for the construction of CAD terminals, as well as for the ergonomic improvement of existing workstations.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	0a6e
authors	Walters, Roger
year	1986
title	CAAD: Shorter-term Gains; Longerterm Costs?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 185-196
summary	Assessment of CAAD systems in use is complex: it needs careful qualifications and is often contradictory. It is suggested that little progress has been made in making sense of the impacts of computing on design and design organizations. Impacts are more diverse and complicated than has been assumed. Assessments tend to be either overtly optimistic or pessimistic, yet the need is to be realistic. Moreover, impacts have been the subject of speculation and marketing rather than systematic study. Carefully documented case studies of projects or longitudinal studies of organizational impacts remain the exception. This chapter draws upon recorded user experience reported elsewhere (Walters, 1983)' and presents an assessment of the performance in use of current production systems. It presents an end-user view and also identifies a number of outstanding design research topics It is suggested that different systems in different organizations in different settings will give rise to new impacts. A wide variety of outcomes is possible. It seems unlikely that any simple set of relationships can account for all the data that inquiry reveals. The task becomes one of identifying variables that lead to differential outcomes, as the same cause may lead to different effects (Attewell and Rule, 1984). This becomes a long-term task. Each optimistic impact may be countered by some other more pessimistic impact. Moreover, the changes brought about on design by computing are significant because both beneficial and non- beneficial impacts are present together. Impacts are held in a dynamic balance that is subject to constant evolution. This viewpoint accounts for otherwise conflicting conclusions. It is unlikely that the full range of impacts is yet known, and a wide range of impacts and outcomes already need to be taken into account. It seems that CAD alone cannot either guarantee improved design or that it inevitably leads to some diminished role for the designer. CAD can lead to either possible outcome, depending upon the particular combination of impacts present. Careful matching of systems to design organization and work environment is therefore needed. The design management role becomes crucial.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	avocaad_2001_09
id	avocaad_2001_09
authors	Yu-Tung Liu, Yung-Ching Yeh, Sheng-Cheng Shih
year	2001
title	Digital Architecture in CAD studio and Internet-based competition
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	Architectural design has been changing because of the vast and creative use of computer in different ways. From the viewpoint of designing itself, computer has been used as drawing tools in the latter phase of design (Mitchell 1977; Coyne et al. 1990), presentation and simulation tools in the middle phase (Liu and Bai 2000), and even critical media which triggers creative thinking in the very early phase (Maher et al. 2000; Liu 1999; Won 1999). All the various roles that computer can play have been adopted in a number of professional design corporations and so-called computer-aided design (CAD) studio in schools worldwide (Kvan 1997, 2000; Cheng 1998). The processes and outcomes of design have been continuously developing to capture the movement of the computer age. However, from the viewpoint of social-cultural theories of architecture, the evolvement of design cannot be achieved solely by designers or design processes. Any new idea of design can be accepted socially, culturally and historically only under one condition: The design outcomes could be reviewed and appreciated by critics in the field at the time of its production (Csikszentmihalyi 1986, 1988; Schon and Wiggins 1992; Liu 2000). In other words, aspects of design production (by designers in different design processes) are as critical as those of design appreciation (by critics in different review processes) in the observation of the future trends of architecture.Nevertheless, in the field of architectural design with computer and Internet, that is, so-called computer-aided design computer-mediated design, or internet-based design, most existing studies pay more attentions to producing design in design processes as mentioned above. Relatively few studies focus on how critics act and how they interact with designers in the review processes. Therefore, this study intends to investigate some evolving phenomena of the interaction between design production and appreciation in the environment of computer and Internet.This paper takes a CAD studio and an Internet-based competition as examples. The CAD studio includes 7 master's students and 2 critics, all from the same countries. The Internet-based competition, held in year 2000, includes 206 designers from 43 counties and 26 critics from 11 countries. 3 students and the 2 critics in the CAD studio are the competition participating designers and critics respectively. The methodological steps are as follows: 1. A qualitative analysis: observation and interview of the 3 participants and 2 reviewers who join both the CAD studio and the competition. The 4 analytical criteria are the kinds of presenting media, the kinds of supportive media (such as verbal and gesture/facial data), stages of the review processes, and interaction between the designer and critics. The behavioral data are acquired by recording the design presentation and dialogue within 3 months. 2. A quantitative analysis: statistical analysis of the detailed reviewing data in the CAD studio and the competition. The four 4 analytical factors are the reviewing time, the number of reviewing of the same project, the comparison between different projects, and grades/comments. 3. Both the qualitative and quantitative data are cross analyzed and discussed, based on the theories of design thinking, design production/appreciation, and the appreciative system (Goodman 1978, 1984).The result of this study indicates that the interaction between design production and appreciation during the review processes could differ significantly. The review processes could be either linear or cyclic due to the influences from the kinds of media, the environmental discrepancies between studio and Internet, as well as cognitive thinking/memory capacity. The design production and appreciation seem to be more linear in CAD studio whereas more cyclic in the Internet environment. This distinction coincides with the complementary observations of designing as a linear process (Jones 1970; Simon 1981) or a cyclic movement (Schon and Wiggins 1992). Some phenomena during the two processes are also illustrated in detail in this paper.This study is merely a starting point of the research in design production and appreciation in the computer and network age. The future direction of investigation is to establish a theoretical model for the interaction between design production and appreciation based on current findings. The model is expected to conduct using revised protocol analysis and interviews. The other future research is to explore how design computing creativity emerge from the process of producing and appreciating.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	c1ae
authors	Gulliehsen, Eric and Chang, Ernest
year	1984
title	An Expert System for Generative Architectural Design
source	December, 1984. pp. 253-267. includes bibliography
summary	The mathematician-architect Christopher Alexander has devised a scientific theory of architectural design. He believes that all existing architectural entities can be described as interacting patterns, all possible relationships of which are governed by generative rules. These form a pattern language capable of generating design forms appropriate to a given environmental context. The complexity of interaction among these rules leads to difficulties in their representation by conventional methods. This paper presents a computer-based expert system which implements Alexander's design methodology
keywords	synthesis, expert systems, CAD, patterns, design, methods, architecture, theory
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	af26
authors	Renson, Michel
year	1984
title	National Situation Report: Université de Liege (Belgium, Southern Part)
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.u6h
summary	In Belgium there are two possibilities to study architecture, it can either be done at a higher institute or academy, or at a university. At the higher schools of architecture the computer equipment has just been installed during the last years, and teaching of CAAD is not yet integrated. There exists only a general computer course. At the universities hardware has been available since several years, and software has been developed. The following programs have been implemented in Liege : LPB1, LPB2, LPB3, LPB4 (energy analysis), FEASIBILITY (to obtain acceptable values for the main global parameters of a design), VOLUME, (3D modelling for building modelisation and manipulation) and TYPOLOGIE (for the determination of classes for the energetic behaviour of residential buildings).
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2009_poster_39
id	cf2009_poster_39
authors	Wang, Chung-Yang
year	2009
title	The Modular Units of CAD/CAM Fabrication
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary	After Frank O’Gehry’s completion of the fish sculpture in Barcelona, the technique of CAD/CAM fabrication has gradually matured. Designers could use computer to acquire the freedom of form without most restrictions. Typical CAD/CAM fabrication can precisely capture the sections of 3D (three-dimensional) freeform and output those contours into 2D (two-dimensional) structures by computer assistance (Kolarevic 2001; Groover and Emory 1984). In the procedure, due to the accurate output of frameworks, designers could realize the outlines of complicated forms in a low error way. After making frames, architects have to attach suitable skins on the structures according to different situations of form (Lim 2006). It is a traditional CAD/CAM fabrication which has established for a long time.
keywords	CAD/CAM, Fabrication, Modular Units
series	CAAD Futures
type	poster
last changed	2009/08/21 07:39

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