Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	09e8
authors	Wallace, Mark
year	1984
title	Communicating with Databases in Natural Languages
source	170 p. West, Sussex, England: Ellis Horwood limited, 1984. includes bibliography: p.[163]-166 and index. -- (Ellis Horwood Series on Artificial Intelligence)
summary	In the first chapters is a full description of natural languages and interface to relational database. Natural language processing and the use of PROLOG are discussed. Features include also a practical discussion of parsing natural language with accompanying programs in PROLOG
keywords	natural languages, PROLOG, relational database, user interface
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:10

_id	20ff
id	20ff
authors	Derix, Christian
year	2004
title	Building a Synthetic Cognizer
source	Design Computation Cognition conference 2004, MIT
summary	Understanding ‘space’ as a structured and dynamic system can provide us with insight into the central concept in the architectural discourse that so far has proven to withstand theoretical framing (McLuhan 1964). The basis for this theoretical assumption is that space is not a void left by solid matter but instead an emergent quality of action and interaction between individuals and groups with a physical environment (Hillier 1996). In this way it can be described as a parallel distributed system, a self-organising entity. Extrapolating from Luhmann’s theory of social systems (Luhmann 1984), a spatial system is autonomous from its progenitors, people, but remains intangible to a human observer due to its abstract nature and therefore has to be analysed by computed entities, synthetic cognisers, with the capacity to perceive. This poster shows an attempt to use another complex system, a distributed connected algorithm based on Kohonen’s self-organising feature maps – SOM (Kohonen 1997), as a “perceptual aid” for creating geometric mappings of these spatial systems that will shed light on our understanding of space by not representing space through our usual mechanics but by constructing artificial spatial cognisers with abilities to make spatial representations of their own. This allows us to be shown novel representations that can help us to see new differences and similarities in spatial configurations.
keywords	architectural design, neural networks, cognition, representation
series	other
type	poster
email
more	http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4020-2392-7
last changed	2012/09/17 21:13

_id	61be
authors	Goldberg, A.J.
year	1984
title	Smalltalk-80: The Interactive Programming Environment
source	Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
summary	This book describes the process by which Smalltalk was introduced to people outside Xerox PARC, where it was developed. This book first describes the incredibly exciting history of how Smalltalk was built from scratch. It then goes on to show the way in which Smalltalk was made public. At first, this was an engineering process. Large companies were contacted and offered to participate by porting the Smalltalk VM to their machines, and then running an image provided on tape. Each of these teams then wrote a paper on their experience, and these original papers are included in this book. Xerox PARC also wrote its own paper. These papers are an invaluable source of information for any Smalltalker. They range from overall design issues down to statistics on the work of the VM and image contents.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	63a9
authors	Hellgardt, Michael
year	1993
title	Architectural Theory and Design Grammars
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.i6u
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	The idea of artificial brains and artificial intelligence (AI) has been subject to criticism. The objection of J. Searle, for instance, which has been published in 1984 and which was partially directly addressed to one of the centres of AI, the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, is mainly based on two points: (1) interactions between physiological and mental functions, and (2) the intentionality and context-relatedness of meaning. - With an emphasis on architectural design, this paper is about the second point, because the problem of meaning is a neuralgic point in the discussion of "artificial intelligence in design" (AID). Technical parameters are incompatible with mechanisms of meaning in any field of artistic, cultural or non-technical expression. This point, that is the relation between acts of meaning and acts of technical problem-solving and, connectedly, the relation between technological and architectural design, has been widely ignored in the discussion on AID. The development seems to be dominated by the tacit assumption that architecture can be articulated and generated purely in technical and formal terms of information processing beyond the field of architecture itself. Design and shape grammars have become a well established field in the discussion of AID, also with respect to architecture. But questions of architectural history and theory are touched on only incidentally and not sufficiently in this discussion. The problem is not, in other words, simply to include more or less unrelated cases of architecture, or architectural concepts -even if these are famous ones, such as Laugier's original hut for instance but to establish structural relations between arguments of architectural theory and arguments of AID.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ebcc
authors	Kolb, David A.
year	1984
title	Experiential Learning
source	Prentice Hall
summary	In his book Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development (1984), David Kolb introduces his experiential learning theory and provides a model for its application in schools, organizations, and virtually anywhere people are gathered together. Kolb's comprehensive and practical theory builds on the rich foundations of experience-based learning provided by John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, and Jean Piaget. We first consider the roots of his theory following which we offer a summary of it in practice.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ac8b
authors	Mitchell, W.
year	1984
title	CAD Technology, Its Effects on Practice and the Response of Education - an Overview
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1984.x.b3c
source	The Third European Conference on CAD in the Education of Architecture [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Helsinki (Finnland) 20-22 September 1984.
summary	Related with the evolution of hardware there also is an evolution of CAD techniques. The very first CAD/CAM packages were developed on mainframes. They moved into practice when 16-bit minicomputers became available. The packages mainly were production drafting applications. The 32-bit super minicomputers give wider possibilities, but at the same time some software problems arise, namely the complexity of CAD- databases and the development and maintenance cost of large programs. With VLSI the distribution of intelligence becomes possible, the enthousiasm for CAD increases, but still the gap between available hardware and high quality software, remains high.Concerning CAD teaching there are severe problems. First of all there are not enough really good designers which know CAD in such a way that they can teach it. Second there is a shortage of equipment and a financial problem. Thirdly there is the question what the students need to know about CAD. which is not clear at the moment. At the University of California, Los Angeles, the following 5 subjects are teached: Computer Support, Computer Literacy, Professional Practice Implications, Exploration of CAD as a Design Medium and Theoretical Foundations of CAD. To use computers as a medium it is necessary to understand architecture, its objects, its operators and its evaluation criteria. The last topic is considered at research level.
series	eCAADe
email
more	www.ecaade.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	6045
authors	Rychener, Michael D.
year	1984
title	Expert systems for Engineering Design : Problem Components, Technique, & Prototypes
source	31 p. : charts Design Research Center, CMU, March, 1984. DRC-0502-83. includes bibliography
summary	A number of problems in diagnosis and engineering design can be solved by using current expert system techniques. This paper enumerates the main components of such problems and the steps that are taken in solving them. A few prototypical artificial intelligence systems embody techniques that can be applied to engineering problems are surveyed, and their relevance to components of design problems is discussed. Some expert system in design domain are summarized, with emphasis on aspects that can illustrate wider applicability of the techniques
keywords	expert systems, AI, problem solving, design, methods, engineering
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	2c1b
authors	Woolf, Beverly and McDonald, David D.
year	1984
title	Building a Computer Tutor : Design Issues
source	IEEE Computer. September, 1984. vol. 17: pp. 61-73 : diagrams. includes bibliography
summary	An effective tutor must deal with a fundamental problem of communication: to determine how messages are received and understood and to formulate appropriate answers. This means that a tutor, more than a speaker, must verify that both parties know what information has been covered, what is missing, and which communication might be erroneous. In this article the authors discuss how an understanding of a student can be constructed in an artificial intelligence program and how this understanding, coupled with a facility for language generation, can be used to build flexible machine tutor
keywords	education, communication, information, learning, AI, systems
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	497a
authors	Pearl, Judea
year	1984
title	Heuristics : Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving
source	xvii, 382 p. : ill. California: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1984. includes bibliography: p. 363-370 and index. -- (Artificial Intelligence series)
summary	This book presents, characterizes and analyzes problem solving strategies that are guided by heuristic information
keywords	problem solving, AI, heuristics, search
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	d5c8
authors	Angelo, C.V., Bueno, A.P., Ludvig, C., Reis, A.F. and Trezub, D.
year	1999
title	Image and Shape: Two Distinct Approaches
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 410-415
summary	This paper is the result of two researches done at the district of Campeche, Florianópolis, by the Grupo PET/ARQ/UFSC/CAPES. Different aspects and conceptual approaches were used to study the spatial attributes of this district located in the Southern part of Santa Catarina Island. The readings and analysis of two researches were based on graphic pistures builded with the use of Corel 7.0 e AutoCadR14. The first research – "Urban Development in the Island of Santa Catarina: Public Space Study"- examined the urban structures of Campeche based on the Spatial Syntax Theory developed by Hillier and Hanson (1984) that relates form and social appropriation of public spaces. The second research – "Topoceptive Characterisation of Campeche: The Image of a Locality in Expansion in the Island of Santa Catarina" -, based on the methodology developed by Kohlsdorf (1996) and also on the visual analysis proposed by Lynch (1960), identified characteristics of this locality with the specific goal of selecting attributes that contributed to the ideas of the place its population held. The paper consists of an initial exercise of linking these two methods in order to test the complementarity of their analytical tools. Exemplifying the analytical procedures undertaken in the two approaches, the readings done - global (of the locality as a whole) and partial (from parts of the settlement) - are presented and compared.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_449
id	ecaadesigradi2019_449
authors	Becerra Santacruz, Axel
year	2019
title	The Architecture of ScarCity Game - The craft and the digital as an alternative design process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.045
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 45-52
summary	The Architecture of ScarCity Game is a board game used as a pedagogical tool that challenges architecture students by involving them in a series of experimental design sessions to understand the design process of scarcity and the actual relation between the craft and the digital. This means "pragmatic delivery processes and material constraints, where the exchange between the artisan of handmade, representing local skills and technology of the digitally conceived is explored" (Huang 2013). The game focuses on understanding the different variables of the crafted design process of traditional communities under conditions of scarcity (Michel and Bevan 1992). This requires first analyzing the spatial environmental model of interaction, available human and natural resources, and the dynamic relationship of these variables in a digital era. In the first stage (Pre-Agency), the game set the concept of the craft by limiting students design exploration from a minimum possible perspective developing locally available resources and techniques. The key elements of the design process of traditional knowledge communities have to be identified (Preez 1984). In other words, this stage is driven by limited resources + chance + contingency. In the second stage (Post-Agency) students taking the architects´ role within this communities, have to speculate and explore the interface between the craft (local knowledge and low technological tools), and the digital represented by computation data, new technologies available and construction. This means the introduction of strategy + opportunity + chance as part of the design process. In this sense, the game has a life beyond its mechanics. This other life challenges the participants to exploit the possibilities of breaking the actual boundaries of design. The result is a tool to challenge conventional methods of teaching and leaning controlling a prescribed design process. It confronts the rules that professionals in this field take for granted. The game simulates a 'fake' reality by exploring in different ways with surveyed information. As a result, participants do not have anything 'real' to lose. Instead, they have all the freedom to innovate and be creative.
keywords	Global south, scarcity, low tech, digital-craft, design process and innovation by challenge.
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	a6f1
authors	Bridges, A.H.
year	1986
title	Any Progress in Systematic Design?
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 5-15
summary	In order to discuss this question it is necessary to reflect awhile on design methods in general. The usual categorization discusses 'generations' of design methods, but Levy (1981) proposes an alternative approach. He identifies five paradigm shifts during the course of the twentieth century which have influenced design methods debate. The first paradigm shift was achieved by 1920, when concern with industrial arts could be seen to have replaced concern with craftsmanship. The second shift, occurring in the early 1930s, resulted in the conception of a design profession. The third happened in the 1950s, when the design methods debate emerged; the fourth took place around 1970 and saw the establishment of 'design research'. Now, in the 1980s, we are going through the fifth paradigm shift, associated with the adoption of a holistic approach to design theory and with the emergence of the concept of design ideology. A major point in Levy's paper was the observation that most of these paradigm shifts were associated with radical social reforms or political upheavals. For instance, we may associate concern about public participation with the 1970s shift and the possible use (or misuse) of knowledge, information and power with the 1980s shift. What has emerged, however, from the work of colleagues engaged since the 1970s in attempting to underpin the practice of design with a coherent body of design theory is increasing evidence of the fundamental nature of a person's engagement with the design activity. This includes evidence of the existence of two distinctive modes of thought, one of which can be described as cognitive modelling and the other which can be described as rational thinking. Cognitive modelling is imagining, seeing in the mind's eye. Rational thinking is linguistic thinking, engaging in a form of internal debate. Cognitive modelling is externalized through action, and through the construction of external representations, especially drawings. Rational thinking is externalized through verbal language and, more formally, through mathematical and scientific notations. Cognitive modelling is analogic, presentational, holistic, integrative and based upon pattern recognition and pattern manipulation. Rational thinking is digital, sequential, analytical, explicatory and based upon categorization and logical inference. There is some relationship between the evidence for two distinctive modes of thought and the evidence of specialization in cerebral hemispheres (Cross, 1984). Design methods have tended to focus upon the rational aspects of design and have, therefore, neglected the cognitive aspects. By recognizing that there are peculiar 'designerly' ways of thinking combining both types of thought process used to perceive, construct and comprehend design representations mentally and then transform them into an external manifestation current work in design theory is promising at last to have some relevance to design practice.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_10
id	architectural_intelligence2023_10
authors	Cheng Bi Duan, Su Yi Shen, Ding Wen Bao & Xin Yan
year	2023
title	Innovative design solutions for contemporary Tou-Kung based on topological optimisation
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00028-x
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Tou-Kung, which is pronounced in Chinese and known as Bracket Set (Liang & Fairbank, A pictorial history of Chinese architecture, 1984), is a vital support component in the Chinese traditional wooden tectonic systems. It is located between the column and the beam and connects the eave and pillar, making the heavy roof extend out of the eaves longer. The development of Tou-Kung is entirely a microcosm of the development of ancient Chinese architecture; the aesthetic structure and Asian artistic temperament behind Tou-Kung make it gradually become the cultural and spiritual symbol of traditional Chinese architecture. In the contemporary era, inheriting and developing Tou-Kung has become an essential issue. Several architects have attempted to employ new materials and techniques to integrate the traditional Tou-Kung into modern architectural systems, such as the China Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo and Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum. This paper introduces the topological optimisation method bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) for form-finding. BESO method is one of the most popular topology optimisation methods widely employed in civil engineering and architecture. Through analyzing the development trend of Tou-Kung and mechanical structure, the authors integrate 2D and 3D optimisation methods and apply the hybrid methods to form-finding. Meanwhile, mortise and tenon joint used to create stable connections with components of Tou-Kung are retained. This research aims to design a new Tou-Kung corresponding to “structural performance-based aesthetics”. The workflow proposed in this paper is valuable for Architrave and other traditional building components.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:00

_id	b8b9
authors	Gibson, W.
year	1984
title	Neuromancer
source	Victor Gollancz
summary	Here is the novel that started it all, launching the cyberpunk generation, and the first novel to win the holy trinity of science fiction: the Hugo Award, the Nebula Award and the Philip K. Dick Award. With Neuromancer, William Gibson introduced the world to cyberspace--and science fiction has never been the same. Case was the hottest computer cowboy cruising the information superhighway--jacking his consciousness into cyberspace, soaring through tactile lattices of data and logic, rustling encoded secrets for anyone with the money to buy his skills. Then he double-crossed the wrong people, who caught up with him in a big way--and burned the talent out of his brain, micron by micron. Banished from cyberspace, trapped in the meat of his physical body, Case courted death in the high-tech underworld. Until a shadowy conspiracy offered him a second chance--and a cure--for a price....
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	653f
authors	Hedelman, Harold
year	1984
title	A Data Flow Approach to Procedural Modeling
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications January, 1984. vol. 4: pp. 16-26 : ill. (some col.). includes bibliography.
summary	Computer graphics tasks generally involve either modeling or viewing. Modeling combines primitive building blocks (polygons, patches, etc.) into data structures that represent entire objects and scenes. To visualize a modeled object, its data structure is input to appropriate viewing routines. While a great deal has been done on modeling and viewing with geometric primitives, little has been published on the use of procedural primitives. A procedural model is a step-by-step guide for constructing a representation of an object or process, i.e., a program. It is also a function, a 'black box' with a set of inputs and outputs. Two questions are especially pertinent to the work presented in this article
keywords	First, what are the advantages of both data flow methods and procedural modeling? Second, how can such models be used in composition? computer graphics, modeling, information, management
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	40d6
authors	Johnson, Robert E.
year	1984
title	The Integration of Economic Analysis and Computer-based Building Models
source	CIB W-65 Symposium. July, 1984. [19] p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Most current methods used to evaluate the economics of building designs are inadequate in that they focus on the evaluation of completed designs and do not assist in the development and creation of designs. They are used after most major design decisions have been made. This paper describes the first year of a two year research project (funded by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Government) which seeks to integrate economic analysis techniques into design decision-making within the context of an interactive computer-aided architectural and engineering design system. Issues reviewed include the current state of computer software, existing economic analysis models and existing economic analysis software. A conclusion is reached that most economic analysis systems fall into the category of single purpose software and are not adaptable to the wide range of idiosyncratic evaluation models used in real estate, architecture, engineering, construction and building management. Objectives are proposed for a general purpose, interactive cost modeling system that is integrated with a geometric computer-based building model. Initial experiments with a prototype of this system at various stages of the design-construction-use process are discussed. Further development of this system as a research tool for exploring alternative economic modeling procedures is presented
keywords	analysis, evaluation, CAD, architecture, design, methods, economics, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	4b27
authors	Lansdown, John
year	1984
title	Knowledge for Designers
source	Architect`s journal. England: February, 1984. vol. 179: pp. 55-58
summary	The first of two articles discussing expert systems. Both design and construction are carried out within the framework of empirical rules and regulations designed more for ease of implementation and checking than scientific validity. On completion of a building, little follow up research is done on the way it is used or on the way in which the assumption made in its design are borne out in practice. This present two problems: How to make information from disparate sources easily available to designers and constructors, and how to make them aware that they need this information. This paper describes how a special type of computer programming might assist in solving these problems
keywords	design, construction, building, expert systems, knowledge base, systems, programming, life cycle
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	4af9
authors	Levy, Henry
year	1984
title	VAXstation : A General-Purpose Raster Graphics Architecture
source	ACM Transactions on Graphics. January, 1984. vol. 3: pp. 70-83 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A raster graphics architecture and a raster graphics device are described. The graphics architecture is an extension of the RasterOp model and supports operations for rectangle movement, text writing, curve drawing, flood, and fill. The architecture is intended for implementation by both closely and loosely coupled display subsystems. The first implementation of the architecture is a remote raster display connected by fiber optics to a VAX minicomputer. The device contains a separate microprocessor, frame buffer, and additional local memory: it is capable of executing raster commands on operands in local memory or VAX host memory
keywords	hardware, computer graphics, technology
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	ca27
id	ca27
authors	Martens, Bob and Peter, Herbert
year	2004
title	ARCHICAD - BEST PRACTICE: THE VIRTUAL BUILDING™ REVEALED
source	Springer Publishers, Vienna/NewYork (ISBN 3-211-40755-3)
summary	ArchiCAD has been on the market since 1984 and has firmly established itself among the available CAD software packages. The number of ArchiCAD users continues to increase and has already exceeded 100.000 by far. Continuous product development has broadened the program’s possible spectrum of work applications. Therefore, this book provides comprehensive (background) information and descriptions of the many tools, functions and processes, that explain and document their many practical, research and educational uses.
keywords	CAD-software package, Virtual Building
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.springer.at/main/book.jsp?bookID=3-211-40755-3&categoryID=0
last changed	2004/08/17 12:34

_id	4965
authors	Passini, R.
year	1984
title	Wayfinding in Architecture
source	Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
summary	This book gives a wonderful introduction to wayfinding and its importance in architecture. The author describes the wayfinding experience of users, and the cognitive processes they use to find their destinations. There is also a thorough description of wayfinding features in architecture such as signage, maps, and architectural space.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

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