Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	896b
authors	Haider, Jawaid
year	1986
title	A Conceptual Framework for Communication -Instruction in Architectural Design
source	Pennsylvania State University
summary	Existing design models, it is generally acknowledged, are inadequate to deal with the complexity of contemporary situations; and an assessment of self-conscious design manifests a slow development in the power and scope of conceptualizing. The quality of knowledge and conceptual tools available to the designer largely determine his ability to conceive and accomplish; conversely, the limitations of method are reflected in design solutions. Some emerging social problem-solving paradigms, which seek to construct a cognitive psychology of problem solving, have a direct relevance to architectural design. Notwithstanding the traditional criticism and scepticism, problem solving is predicated by task environment and problem space as these have a significant impact on design synthesis. Despite a rigorous search for theoretical perspectives and methods, the concern for the quality of the physical environment persists unabated. Historically, architecture has depended on other disciplines for its theoretical insight; but the application of borrowed theories without a viable framework for translation has often resulted in misinterpretation. Aggravating the problem is the art-science controversy which has consequences for architectural practice and education. What is required is a unified approach encompassing the scientific and artistic modes of inquiry. But a unified perspective, involving vast and disparate areas of human knowledge, demands a conceptual framework for integrative learning. The proposed model of this study provides such a framework and calls for a re-examination of the conventional boundaries of design disciplines. It advocates an interdisciplinary approach and recognizes the design process as inherently a learning process; this shifts the emphasis from product to process and allows students to plan and assess their own design/learning experience. While the study focuses on substantive issues, it identifies a strategy for integrative learning applicable within the existing context of design education. Despite its untested nature, the proposed model can become a vehicle for stimulating coordination of all facets of human knowledge and experience toward creative design synthesis. It inculcates a sense of critical assessment of generative ideas by presenting a conceptually clearer picture of the design process to elicit a response to and a better understanding of the task environment of architecture.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	4c79
authors	Aguilar, Lorenzo
year	1986
title	A Format for a Graphical Communications Protocol
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications vol. 6.no. 3 (March, 1986): pp. 52-62
summary	This article describes the requirements for a graphical format on which a graphical on-line communications protocol can be based. It is argued that on-line graphical communications is similar to graphical session capture, and thus the author proposes an interactive graphical communications format using the GKSM session metafile. The discussion includes items that complement the GKSM metafile such as a format for on-line interactive exchange. One key application area of such a format is multimedia on-line conferencing. Therefore, a conferencing software architecture for processing the proposed format is presented. This format specification is made available to those planning multimedia conferencing systems
keywords	user interface, communication, computer graphics, multimedia, standards
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:07

_id	b25c
authors	Bergeson, Donald E. and Cetin, Randal F.
year	1986
title	ADAM - Architectural Design Applications Model
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.037
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 37-54
summary	This paper will describe ADAM, a project to explore the potential for interfacing independent graphics software for the purpose of developing a microcomputer based design system. This system will be implemented in three undergraduate design studios at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) School of Architecture. The three design studios are part of an experimental project to determine the usefulness of computers in the architectural design curriculum. The concept used throughout the design of this system is: "make use of what already exists, but use it smoothly together in such a way that the management system is totally invisible to the user." Many low- end quality graphics software packages are commercially available. Each has the capacity to address some aspect of the architectural design process, none will do it all . The problem is a lack of compatibility between software. ADAM is a management system designed to invisibly control and interface the use of an assembly of graphics programs and data base management systems to achieve compatibility. Because of these compatible interfaces, new and varied design tools can be created from existing software..
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2006_601
id	caadria2006_601
authors	BINSU CHIANG, MAO-LIN CHIU
year	2006
title	PRIVATE/UN-PRIVATE SPACE: Scenario-based Digital Design for Enhancing User Awareness
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.s8b
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 601-603
summary	Context awareness is important for human senses of places as well as human computer interaction. The aim of this research paper is focusing on controlling the user's privacy in a smart space which is adaptive to different users for enhancing the user's awareness in his diary life. In Environmental Psychology, the definition of privacy is that an individual has the control of deciding what information of himself is released to others, and under how he interact with others. (Westin 1970) And privacy is categorized as the linguistic privacy and visual privacy. (Sundstorm 1986). Solutions for privacy control: Plan Layout, Vision Boundary, Access Control and Architecture Metaphor - the transmission of information is not ascertainable for every single user. Although information are shown in public, but information is implied by cues and symbols. Only a certain user or a group of users have access to the full context of information. The methodology is to form an analytic framework to study the relationship between information, user and activities by using the computational supports derived from KitchenSense, ConceptNet, Python, 3d Studio Max and Flash; and to record patterns built up by users' behaviour and actions. Furthermore, the scenario-based simulation can envision the real world conditions by adding interfaces for enhancing user awareness.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	2eb1
authors	Bridges, Alan H.
year	1986
title	Alternative Approaches Towards the Teaching of Computer Aided Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1986.331
source	Teaching and Research Experience with CAAD [4th eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Rome (Italy) 11-13 September 1986, pp. 331-340
summary	The problems of architectural education in general and CAD education in particular are discussed. The paper suggests that the computing requirements of architectural practice are different to those of architectural education and that much of the software used in schools of architecture is not used in an educationally structured way. A number of proposals for the educational use of computers are made, together with recommendations for a common computing environment.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	a661
authors	Cajati, Claudio and Calandro, Lucia
year	1986
title	Architectural analysis of buildings in order to choice new functional destinations: an application of computer graphics for Faculty of Architecture's students
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1986.017
source	Teaching and Research Experience with CAAD [4th eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Rome (Italy) 11-13 September 1986, pp. 17-19
summary	The research tries to give a little but meaningful answer to the specific context of the Faculty of Architecture of Naples. Such a context presents a delay of teachers and researchers, in their teaching and researching activity, in beginning the CAAD way. Often the delay is due to a wrong attitude: a too high or too low expectation towards the use of the computer. In such a situation, the chief target of the research is the student of architecture. It is possible and useful to address a clear message, by a simple educational material, just to the student of architecture; not necessarily by producing a software or modifying some existing one, but also applying a given available software to an important architectural question.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	c8a8
authors	Cajati, Claudio
year	1986
title	A Fully Integrated Use of Available Media and of Computer Technology for Up-to-date Educational Tools in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.129
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 129-147
summary	In this paper no general or specific forecast is- made about what is going to happen in the next decade in architectural education. No extrapolation and projection in the future, through more or 1e33 sophisticated technique3, of plausible trends is attempted. Such an effort goes beyond the competence and inteffectual force of the author.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	6643
authors	Carrara, Gianfranco and Novembri, Gabriele
year	1986
title	Expert System for Building Design
source	Congress of the International Council for Building Research, Studies and Documentation (10th : 1986 : Washington). vol. 2: pp. 651-658. includes bibliography. -- abstract also in French
summary	At the CABD LAB at the University of Rome, an interactive expert system for architecture is being implemented to supervise building design at every stage of development. The system operates by checking the consistency of design choices against given sets of constraints, and by automatically checking the design process. It is therefore an innovation with respect to current architectural software developed as specific design aids. The system is based on a general representation of building objects (from components to the whole building) by means of semantic nets and a set of inferential procedures. The general representation is developed by making explicit the relational structures according to which architects organize their knowledge about building objects. To do this, the `Frame' formalism is used: this is a knowledge representation technique used in the field of artificial intelligence. It is then shown that such an expert CAAD system is a general purpose tool for architectural design, enabling architects to assess any constraint and/or building attribute by means of a declarative method, which in no way affects their own specific design methodologies
keywords	semantic networks, representation, constraints, expert systems, CAD, building, design process, knowledge, frames
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c967
authors	Fantacone, Enrico
year	1994
title	Exporting CAD Teaching into Developing Countries
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.t3s
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 222
summary	In 1986 the Faculty of Architecture was established in Maputo. It is financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and managed by a Scientific Council of the Faculty of Architecture of "Università La Sapienza" of Rome. The need to create human technical resources beeing able to work profesionally as soon as they finish their studies, made the teaching basis for lab exercises and design. The new architects (the first six students graduated in 1991), need to design and make very important decisions without any control by more experienced local technical institutions. The creation of a CAAD laboratory, and the teaching of information technologies and metodologies in architectural designing aimes to achieve a double goal: (-) to make the new architects able to manage on their own, because of the lack of qualified human resources, large quantity of data, and difficult design problems; (-) to make University, the most important scientific center in the country, an information exchange center between developped countries, and Moçambique.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4512
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1986
title	On the Representation and Generation of Loosely-Packed Arrangements of Rectangles
source	33 p. : ill Pittsburgh: Engineering Design Research Center, CMU, September, 1986. includes bibliography.
summary	Several computer programs that enumerate rectangular dissections as solutions to certain layout problems have established a distinct paradigm for dealing with the crucial theoretical issues involved. The present paper suggests an extension of the paradigm to include `loosely-packed arrangements of rectangles,' which are of wider applicability in an architectural context. The paper introduces orthogonal structures to represent these arrangements and establishes the conditions of well-formedness for these structures. It presents a grammar to enumerate orthogonal structures and suggests that best use is made of the grammar if it is incorporated into a generative expert system, able to serve as a vehicle to discover, encode and utilize a broad range of constraints and criteria in the generation of layout alternatives
keywords	expert systems, architecture, space allocation, floor plans, rectangles, shape grammars, layout
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	2d41
authors	Flemming, Ulrich
year	1986
title	The Role of Shape Grammars in the Analysis and Creation of Designs
source	New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986. pp. 213-244 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The paper gives an informal introduction to the shape grammar formalism. It presents results form a case study in which this formalism was applied to a realistic problem in order to convey the flavor of work with such grammars, to demonstrate its advantages and to show that our familiarity with this formalism has now progressed to a level were issues of architectural substance can be addressed. The paper concludes with the outline of a simple way to implement shape grammars by computer: it does not resolve the theoretical problems that exist for such implementations, but makes non-trivial applications like the case study possible
keywords	shape grammars, design, architecture
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	a666
authors	Galle, Per
year	1986
title	Abstraction as a Tool of Automated Floor-Plan Design
source	Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 1986. vol. 13: pp. 21-46 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The automated design of architectural floor plans satisfying given topological and dimensional constraints is a challenging field of research. In this paper ABSTRACTION is pointed out as an important conceptual tool of this field. A critical discussion of existing plan-design methods leads to the conclusion that the potentials of abstraction as a tool have not yet been fully recognized. The rest of the paper is an attempt to improve this situation by suggesting a new approach to automated floor-plan design. Theoretically, design is viewed as a one-to-many relation; a tree whose lines are directed from the root (the problem) towards the leaves (the solutions). Abstraction is viewed as the inverse many-to-one relation. A particular relation of abstraction is defined, such that the intermediate nodes of the tree (between root and leaves) are themselves floor plans, but are less detailed than the solutions. From the study of this concept of abstraction, it is concluded that the design algorithm based on it is likely to have certain useful properties
keywords	layout, automation, design, architecture, floor plans, abstraction
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	40fe
authors	Gero, John S., Oxman, Rivka E. and Manago, C.
year	1986
title	Graphics and Expert Systems
source	AUSGRAPH '86 Australian Conference on Computer Graphics (4th : 1986 : Sydney). pp. 25-29 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Expert systems are a novel software technology which aim to model the behavior and knowledge of human experts. This paper presents two modes of interaction between graphics and expert systems in the domain of computer-aided design. The first concerns the interaction between an expert system and commercial CAD systems. The second demonstrates how expert systems can control design oriented graphical representations. Examples from both modes are presented from systems developed at Sydney University
keywords	computer graphics, expert systems, CAD, architecture
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	c52d
authors	Gero, John S.
year	1986
title	An Overview of Knowledge Engineering and its Relevance to CAAD
source	Guildford: Butterworth, 1986. pp. 107-119
summary	This paper introduces the concepts of knowledge engineering, a subset of artificial intelligence. It describes means of representing and manipulating non-numeric design knowledge using symbolic inference mechanisms. It then describes a subset of knowledge engineering--expert systems. Knowledge- based systems in computer-aided architectural design are presented as a new direction for CAAD which expands the role of the computer in design. Expert systems within a CAAD environment are discussed
keywords	AI, knowledge base, design, architecture, CAD, representation, expert systems
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c898
authors	Gero, John S.
year	1986
title	An Overview of Knowledge Engineering and its Relevance to CAAD
source	Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [CAAD Futures Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-408-05300-3] Delft (The Netherlands), 18-19 September 1985, pp. 107-119
summary	Computer-aided architectural design (CAAD) has come to mean a number of often disparate activities. These can be placed into one of two categories: using the computer as a drafting and, to a lesser extent, modelling system; and using it as a design medium. The distinction between the two categories is often blurred. Using the computer as a drafting and modelling tool relies on computing notions concerned with representing objects and structures numerically and with ideas of computer programs as procedural algorithms. Similar notions underly the use of computers as a design medium. We shall return to these later. Clearly, all computer programs contain knowledge, whether methodological knowledge about processes or knowledge about structural relationships in models or databases. However, this knowledge is so intertwined with the procedural representation within the program that it can no longer be seen or found. Architecture is concerned with much more than numerical descriptions of buildings. It is concerned with concepts, ideas, judgement and experience. All these appear to be outside the realm of traditional computing. Yet architects discoursing use models of buildings largely unrelated to either numerical descriptions or procedural representations. They make use of knowledge - about objects, events and processes - and make nonprocedural (declarative) statements that can only be described symbolically. The limits of traditional computing are the limits of traditional computer-aided design systems, namely, that it is unable directly to represent and manipulate declarative, nonalgorithmic, knowledge or to perform symbolic reasoning. Developments in artificial intelligence have opened up ways of increasing the applicability of computers by acquiring and representing knowledge in computable forms. These approaches supplement rather than supplant existing uses of computers. They begin to allow the explicit representations of human knowledge. The remainder of this chapter provides a brief introduction to this field and describes, through applications, its relevance to computer- aided architectural design.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	2363
authors	Gross, Mark Donald
year	1986
title	Design as exploring constraints
source	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture
summary	A theory of designing is proposed, developed, and illustrated with examples from the domain of physical form. Designing is seen as the exploration of alternative sets of constraints and of the regions of alternative solutions they bound. Designers with different objectives reach different solutions within the same set of constraints, as do designers with the same objectives operating under different constraints. Constraints represent design rules, relations, conventions, and natural laws to be maintained. Some constraints and objectives are given at the outset of a design but many more are adopted along the way. Varying the constraints and the objectives is part of the design process. The theory accounts for various kinds of expertise in designing: knowledge of particular constraints in a design domain; inference--calculating the consequences of design decisions; preference--using objectives to guide decision-making; and partitioning--skill in dividing a large and complicated design into sets of simpler pieces, and understanding the dependencies between decisions. The ability to manage ambiguity and vagueness is an important aspect of design expertise. A computational model supporting the theory is proposed and its implementation discussed briefly. The constraint explorer, a computational environment for designing based on constraint descriptions is described. We see how the constraint explorer might be used in connection with a simple space- planning problem. The problem is taken from the procedures of the Stichting Architecten Research (S.A.R.), a specific architectural design methodology developed to help architects systematically explore layout variability in alternative floorplan designs. Finally, a selected review of related work in constraint-based programming environments, architectural design methods, and the intersection of the two fields is presented.
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://dmg.caup.washington.edu
last changed	2003/03/15 06:49

_id	2b40
authors	Hanson, N.L.R. and Radford, Antony D.
year	1986
title	Living on the Edge : A Grammar For Some Country Houses by Glenn Murcutt
source	Architecture Australia. 1986. vol. 75: pp. 66-73
summary	Glenn Murcutt is an award-winning Australian architect whose work displays a consistent pattern of development in its response to the environment and brief. A set of syntactic and abductive rules is developed that models the generation of a subset of his work. The model and the architect's response to its operation is described
keywords	architecture, shape grammars, applications
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	7f64
authors	Harfmann, A.C., Swerdloff, L.M. and Kalay, Y.E.
year	1986
title	The Terminal Crit
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.079
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 79-87
summary	Numerous attempts have been made to develop formal design methods with -the purpose of increasing the predictability, consistency and dissemination of the design process and improving the quality of the objects produced. The ill- structured nature of design, and the perception of design activities as intuitive and experience dependent have frustrated many of the efforts to structure these process. The growing complexity of the built environment and advances in technology have led to a more rigorous effort to understand and externalize creative activities. Computer aided design tools have recently been playing an important role in the evolution of the design process as a rationally defined activity. The use of- computers for drafting, analysis, and 2 or 3 dimensional modeling is rapidly becoming an accepted method in many design schools and practitioners. A next logical step in the externalization of the design process is to endow the computer with the ability to manipulate and critique parts of the design. Under this scenario, the "terminal crit" is redefined to mean critiques that are carried out by both the designer and the computer. The paper presents the rationalization of the design process as a continuum into which CAD has been introduced. The effects of computers on the design process are studied through a specific incorporation of CAD tools into a conventional design studio, and a research project intended to advance the role of CAD in design.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	2156
authors	Hashimshony, Rivka, Roth, J. and Wachman, A.
year	1986
title	A Model for Generating Floor-Plans in Multi-Story Buildings
source	International Journal of Design Computing. April, 1986. vol. 1: pp. 136-157 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	A graph-theoretic method for computer generation of rectangular floor plans for multi-story buildings is outlined. The problem formulation takes account of adjacency requirements of rooms, dimensional constraints, and the need for vertical alignments of elements such as stairs and elevators. The solution method is to first turn the required adjacencies graph into a layout graph by adding edges, then color and direct the layout graph, cut the colored directed graph into two subgraphs, and finally use the PERT technique to dimension the plan. An example problem of design of a medical clinic is formulated and solved using this method
keywords	space allocation, architecture, CAD, floor plans, synthesis, graphs, dimensioning
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	e12d
authors	Johnson, Robert E.
year	1986
title	Micro-computers and Computer Aided Design Instruction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.173
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 173-181
summary	During the past few years we have been involved in a variety of experiments that teach the use of computers to non-computer oriented architecture students. These teaching experiences have led to the development of an experimental, entry-level course in computer-aided architectural design using the Macintosh personal computer. Objectives of this course included: a) to provide an introductory course to students with little or no prior computer experience, b) to use the course as a vehicle for illustrating principles of computer-aided design, c) to course so that it would be applicable to design in general, not just architectural design, and d) whenever possible, to use "off the shelf', generic, readily accessible software. The history of these developments will be presented along with a very preliminary evaluation of results.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

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