Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 4 of 4

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	aaf1
authors	Oxman, R., Oxman, R.E. and Radford, A.D.
year	1988
title	The Pedagogical Role of the Computer in Design Studies
source	Computer Bulletin. September, 1988. pp. 11-17 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	The teaching of architectural design involves the transfer of a broad spectrum of knowledge. This ranges in diversity from the acquisition of skills to those types of domain- distinctive knowledge which are actually employed in the generation of designs. The authors make a broad distinction between instrumental knowledge employed in various stages of design but peripheral to the actual process of generating designs, and conceptual-configurative knowledge which, in fact, makes the generation of designs possible. In the model of the design process in which there is a sequential relationship between the conceptual-formal and physical- material stages of design, this distinction between the instrumental and the conceptual is most marked during the early, or conceptual, stages of design. However it may be seen to follow through all stages of the design process
keywords	design process, education, architecture
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	45b7
authors	Oxman, R.E.
year	1988
title	Expert System for Generation and Evaluation in Architectural Design
source	Technion, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planing, Haifa
summary	The research field, focuses on a new research area of Knowledge Based Systems for Architectural Design. The research deals with concepts and tools emerging from Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Based Systems and Expert Systems. The research is involved with the construction of a theoretical basis for the development of approaches and methods for the representation and control of design knowledge as a reasoning process. Key questions which attempt to reconsider representation and control in design are formulated. The following questions serve as a research framework out of which new approaches, methods and tools were developed. (1.)What are the existing ideas, methods and tools in Expert Systems? (2.) What are the performance characteristics of Expert Systems in Architectural Design ? (3.) What are the desired operative characteristics and interactions for Expert Systems in design ? (4.) How is it possible to formulate and apply the diverse forms of Architectural Knowledge in Expert Systems for design? (5.) What are the problems of implementation in the development of Expert Systems for design ? The state of the art in knowledge based systems is surveyed, while emphasizing the differences between conventional systems and knowledge based systems. Representation and control methods and the components of expert systems are reviewed. Expert systems for diagnosis, interpretation, planning and design are analysed with respect to their performance characteristics. Techniques and technologies of existing tools are defined. An expert system for the generation and evaluation of ill defined architectural design problems is develped. A formalization of the concept of 'design interpretation' is proposed and developed. It is applied in the process of defining and classifying the performance characteristics of expert systems for design. This concept is based upon two sets of reasoning processes: those which enable a mapping between design requirements and solution descriptions in the generation stage of design and those between solution descriptions and performance evaluation in the evaluation stage of design. On the basis of the formalization of this concept, an expert system capable of integrating various modes of performance is proposed and developed. The system functions as a 'design generator', a 'design critic', or a' design critic-generator'. These modes, which integrate generation and evaluation in the same system, operate by employing both forward chaining and backward chaining inference mechanisms. As a result of the examination of desired forms of interactions, a new approach for dual direction interpretation between graphic and verbal modes is developed. This approach reflects the importance of both graphical and verbal expression in design. The approach is based upon a simultaneous mapping between symbolic-verbal interpretation and graphic interpretation. The work presents the mapping process through the concept of design interpretation, employing geometrical knowledge, typological knowledge and evaluation knowledge. A tool which provides communication between an expert system and a graphic system was developed and is presented. The importance of such a tool in expert systems for design resides in the provision of free choice to the user for interacting with the system either graphically or verbally during the design process. An additional component in the development of knowledge-based systems for design is related to the important question of knowledge definition and the representational schemata of design knowledge. A new representational scheme for complex architectural knowledge, termed 'The generation and refinement scheme of a design prototype' is proposed and developed. Its operation as part of a total integrated design system is demonstrated. The scheme is based upon the structures of knowledge of design precedents which constitute typical situations and solutions in architectural design. This scheme provides an appropriate representation for the two types of knowledge which operate in a refinement process of a design prototype. Generative knowledge describes the solution space by predefined refinement stages; interpretive knowledge enables their selection. The examination of representational methods for the proposed scheme indicated that employing a single representational method lacked enough generalization and expressive power for the needs of the design knowledge structures. It was found that a way to represent complex structures is through the integration of multiple methods of representation, each one according to the knowledge characteristics. In order to represent the proposed scheme of design knowledge, a unique method was developed which integrates both rules and frames. The method consists of a rules-frames-rules structure for the representation of a design prototype. An approach is developed for the implementation of these concepts in an expert system for design. PRODS: A prototype based expert system shell for design is developed and demonstrated. The system consists of three basic components: a rule-based expert system shell, a frame system, and a knowledge base interface. All system interactions are controlled by the inference engine. It passes control between the rule-base and the frame-base inference engines, and provides communications between the rule-based and frame-based representations. It is suggested that expert system can interface with external CAD systems including graphics, communicating through a central representation. These concepts and developments are demonstrated in two implementations. The PREDIKT system for the preliminary design of the residential kitchen; the PROUST system for the selection and refinement of dwelling types. PREDIKT demonstrates the integration of rules and a graphical-verbal interpreter; in addition, PROUST demonstrates the significance of hybrid representation in the generation and refinement processes. The results and conlusions are summarized. Future research agenda within the field of knowledge-based systems for design is discussed, and potential research areas are defined.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	2d82
authors	Radford, Anthony D., Oxman, Robert and Oxman, Rivka
year	1988
title	Design Teaching: The Language of Architectural Plans
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1988.099
source	Computing in Design Education [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Ann Arbor (Michigan / USA) 28-30 October 1988, pp. 99-110
summary	The aims, operation and student reaction to a design studio course for beginning architecture students on the syntax of architectural plans are described. The course is highly structured and draws from computer graphics templates and a teaching manual which set up a series of exercises. The process of learning comes from execution of the exercises and from associated reading, discussion and debate on architectural planning issues.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	83b7
authors	Oxman, Rivka E. and Gero, John S.
year	1988
title	Designing by Prototype Refinement in Architecture
source	Amsterdam: CMP, 1988. pp. 395- 412 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Design knowledge in the form of a priori knowledge is put forward as an essential ingredient in knowledge-based design. The concept of the prototype in design is introduced and different strategies for refinement processes are discussed. The concept of a generative prototype is proposed as a way to represent a generative design description in knowledge-based design systems. The refinement process is considered a successive classification of prototypes and subtypes, by executing design operations associated with the type. The application of these approaches is implemented in a system called PRODS: A PROtotype-based Design System. Finally, issues such as the role of prototypes and other forms of reasoning for creative design are discussed
keywords	prototypes, knowledge base, design process
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

No more hits.