Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	afa9
authors	Oxman, Robert, and Oxman, Rivka
year	1989
title	The Joy of Syntax
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 5.3.1-5.3.26
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.m1j
summary	The article describes an approach to teaching syntactical aspects of design and architectural composition by means of exercises utilizing various computer graphics programs. The theoretical assumptions and the background of formal studies are reviewed as sources of this approach. A working definition of Architectural Knowledge and Design Knowledge is postulated as the theoretical foundation of Computer- Aided Learning. The term, Architectural Syntax, is proposed as the formalization of this knowledge. The pedagogical significance of computers as a medium of design education is analyzed, and the particular role of syntactical knowledge in design, the computation of design and in C A.L. in design is identified. An outline of the course, The Joy of Syntax, is described and future research and development in these fields discussed.
keywords	Computer-Aided Learning (C.A.L.), Architectural Syntax, Design Theory
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2bcc
authors	Mark, Earl
year	1989
title	A Contrast in Pedagogy: The M.l.T. Versus Harvard Approach to Computer Aided Design
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 5.1.1-5.1.9
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.d8b
summary	This is a period of relative detente among academics in the field of computers and architecture, advocating the use of computers in a design studio is today received more politely than, as in the past, when it was received like a declaration of war. Among some research groups at M.I.T. and Harvard to first engage In this field, the approaches were so dissimilar to one another that they could be considered as constituting separate schools of thought. Over time, however, a number of paths have led to a similar direction, if not agreement among principal investigators. The lack of sharply competing ideologies today may be a little less exciting: however, the enormous growth of the academic discipline seems now to allow for a fruitful exchange of ideas between positions that no longer seem mutually exclusive. Two views are important, among others, at M.I.T. and Harvard. The classic M.I.T. view looks upon the AI Lab as a microcosm for examining how architects think. Underlying this view is the position of 'lets examine the way architects think about design and build tools which can reflect that process'. Another point of view, as expressed at Harvard, is speculative on what architects seem to do in design practice and education, rather than speculative on the nature of thinking per se. Both views seem ultimately to be concerned with representing architectural design knowledge within computers. And in the rob of computers as a design medium. This paper examines how the M.I.T. view and the Harvard view have superficially been associated with separate research directions. As these contrasting points of view incorporate many common themes. The author finds that it may be possible to take an eclectic position in teaching computer aided design.
keywords	Constraints, Shape Grammars, Representational World, Emergent Form. Design Thinking, Design Habit
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://palladio.arch.Virginia.EDU/~arch-con/exhibit/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	e3b0
authors	Cottone, Antonio and Buscemi, Maria Rosa
year	1989
title	And if We Take a Bacxward Step...
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.15.1.9.15.8
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.f6i
summary	In these years the researches on the computer science applied to the building have had a considerable development. The applications concern the whole design process, from the programming to the design and from the execution control to the programmed maintenance with a great deal of problems solved using expert systems. It doesn't seem that the same care of men and means has been dedicated to the architectural design theory, to its deep roots which motivate it and to its peculiarity in comparison with other fields in which now the design, with the aid of the computer, is the only one possible. The designer of architectural objects has been always helped by design assistants: it is enough to think that the sixteenth century treatises are a group of rules, descriptions, solutions to design problems and that they represent the "knowledge" of the age. As the knowledge increased those treatises amplified to the encyclopaedic dimensions of the nineteenth-century handbooks and of those of the first years of this century, while new professional figures rose, the teaching developed and the building art became more and more complex.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4cf3
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1989
title	Modeling Objects and Environments
source	xix, 402 p. : ill. New York: Wiley, 1989. includes a short bibliography and index. Part of the Principles of Computer Aided Design series. --- See also review by Patricia G
summary	McIntosh, in ACADIA Newsletter Vol. 9 No. 3 pp 20-23, June 1990. This book introduces the concept of modeling objects in the computer's memory so it can be used to aide the process of their design. Modeling is defined as an hierarchical abstraction of data and operators to manipulate it, subject to semantic integrity constraints that guarantee the realizability of the designed artifact in the real world. Starting with general concepts of modeling, the book moves on to discuss the modeling of shapes (form) in two and in three dimensions. The discussion covers both topology and geometry. Next the book introduces the concept of shape transformations (translation, scaling, rotation, etc.), both in absolute and in relative terms. The book then introduces the concept of assembly modeling, and adds non-graphical attributes to the representation. It concludes with a discussion on user interface and parametrization. The book includes many examples written in Pascal that complement the theory, and can be used as a basis for building a geometric modeling engine. It also includes exercises, so it can be used as a text book for a two-semester advance course in geometric modeling
keywords	CAD, data structures, solid modeling, abstraction, polygons, solids, boolean operations, transforms, computer graphics, user interface, parametrization, B-rep, polyhedra, objects, PASCAL
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8bf3
authors	McCullough, M., Mitchell, W.J. and Purcell, P. (Eds.)
year	1990
title	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [Conference Proceedings]
source	International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design 1989/ ISBN 0-262-13254-0] (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, 505 p.
summary	Design is the computation of shape information that is needed to guide fabrication or construction of artifacts. But it is not so straightforward as, say, the computation of numerical information required to balance a checkbook. This is partly because algebras of shapes are not as well understood and precisely formalized as algebras of numbers, partly because the rules for carrying out shape computations tend to be fluid and ill defined and partly because the predicates that must be satisfied to achieve successful termination are often complex and difficult to specify. For centuries architects have carried out shape computations by hand, using informal procedures and the simplest of tools. Over the last two decades though, they have made increasing use of more formal procedures executed by computers. It is still too early to be sure of the gains and losses that follow from this development, but there is no doubt that it raises some challenging questions of architectural theory and some perplexing issues for those concerned with the future of architectural education. This book frames those issues and provides a diversity of perspectives on them. Its contents were initially presented at the CAAD Futures 89 Conference-an international gathering of researchers and teachers in the field of computer-aided architectural design which was jointly sponsored by the Harvard Graduate School of Design and the MIT Department of Architecture and held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in July 1989. There are four major sections: Theoretical Foundations, Knowledge-Based Design Tools, Information Delivery Systems, and Case Studies: Electronic Media in the Design Studio. In a representative collection of current views, over thirty extensively illustrated papers discuss the experiences of universities in the USA, Europe, Japan, Israel, Canada, and Australia, articulate present theoretical and practical concerns, provide criticism of media and methods, and suggest directions for the future. Architectural educators and architects concerned with the effect of computer technology on the design process will find here an indispensable reference and a rich source of ideas. This book was itself prepared in an electronic design studio. Composition and typography, most image collection and placement, and such editing as was practical within this publishing format, were all performed digitally using Macintosh computers at the Harvard Graduate School of Design during a period of a few weeks in 1989.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	c1e2
authors	Norman, Richard B.
year	1990
title	Color Contrast and CAAD: The Seven Color Contrasts of Johannes Itten
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 469-478
summary	Computer-aided architectural design is design with color - the monitor of a CAAD system is a display of color, a place where images are produced by color manipulation. The success of these images can be judged by the ability of the colors selected to communicate graphic ideas and to convey graphic information. Color as a visual phenomena intrigued the impressionist painters at the end of the nineteenth century; it was the focus of much attention at the Bauhaus in Weimar Germany. When Johannes Itten was appointed as a Master of Form at the Bauhaus in 1919, he developed "an aesthetic color theory originating in the experience and intuition of a painter". In his definitive work, Itten postulates seven ways to communicate visual information with color. "Each is unique in character and artistic value, in visual, expressive and symbolic effect, and together they constitute the fundamental resource of color design". These seven contrasts provide a lexicon of the methods by which computer images convey graphic information. The colors which form a computer image can be simply manipulated to illustrate these contrasts; today's computers make color manipulation a very simple matter. This paper is composed of short essays about each of these contrasts and how they can guide the selection of appropriate colors to convey visual intent on a picture tube. Considered together the contrasts of Itten provide a fundamental resource for electronic graphic communication.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	8775
authors	Cigolle, Mark and Coleman, Kim
year	1990
title	Computer Integrated Design: Transformation as Process
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 333-346
summary	To bring together poetry, magic and science, to explore beyond preconceptions, to invent spaces and forms which re-form and inform man's experience, these are the possibilities of architecture. Computer integrated design offers a means for extending the search, one which integrates both conceptual and perceptual issues in the making of architecture. The computer may assist in generating constructs which would not have been created by conventional methods. The application of computer techniques to design has to date been focused primarily on production aspects, an area which is already highly organizable and communicable. In conceptual and perceptual aspects of design, computer techniques remain underdeveloped. Since the impetus for- the development of computer applications has come from the immediate economics of practice rather than a theoretically based strategy, computer-aided design is currently biased toward the replication of conventional techniques rather than the exploration of new potentials. Over the last two years we have been involved in experimentation with methodologies which engage the computer in formative explorations of the design idea. Work produced from investigations by 4th and 5th year undergraduate students in computer integrated design studios that we have been teaching at the University of Southern California demonstrates the potential for the use of the computer as a principal tool in the exploration of syntax and perception, space and program. The challenge is to approach the making of architecture as an innovative act, one which does not rely on preconceived notions of design.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	a235
authors	Danahy, John W.
year	1990
title	Irises in a Landscape: An Experiment in Dynamic Interaction and Teaching Design Studio
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 363-376
summary	The capacity of most computer-aided design systems is inadequate to represent landscape architectural ideas and compute landscape scenes quickly. As part of our teaching agenda, we decided to write software for the Silicon Graphics Iris workstations to tackle this problem directly. This paper begins with a discussion of our concerns about the use of CAD tools in the representation of landscape architectural space. Secondly, we discuss the approach that Toronto takes to computing and teaching with particular emphasis on the use of computers to support an integrated representational work environment. Finally, a fourth-year design studio that used our software is reviewed. Static illustrations of the system are presented here, although there is a videotape that demonstrates the dynamic nature of the system.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	4104
authors	Ervin, Stephen McTee
year	1989
title	The structure and function of diagrams in environmental design :a computational inquiry
source	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
summary	The design process often begins with a graphical description of the proposed device or system and sketching is the physical expression of the design engineer's thinking process. Computer Aided Design is a technique in which man and machine are blended into a problem solving team, intimately coupling the best characteristics of each. Solid modelling is developed to act as the common medium between man and the computer. At present it is achieved mainly by designing with volumes and hence does not leave much room for sketching input, the traditional physical expression of the thinking process of the design engineer. This thesis describes a method of accepting isometric free hand sketching as the input to a solid model. The design engineer is allowed to make a sketch on top of a digitizer indicating (i) visible lines; (ii) hidden lines; (iii) construction lines; (iv) centre lines; (v) erased lines; and (vi) redundant lines as the input. The computer then processes this sketch by identifying the line segments, fitting the best possible lines, removing the erased lines, ignoring the redundant lines and finally merging the hidden lines and visible lines to form the lines in the solid in an interactive manner. The program then uses these lines and the information about the three dimensional origin of the object and produces three dimensional information such as the faces, loops, holes, rings, edges and vertices which are sufficient to build a solid model. This is achieved in the following manner. The points in the sketch are first written into a file. The computer than reads this file, breaks the group of points into sub-groups belonging to individual line segments, fits the best lines and identify the vertices in two dimensions. These improved lines in two dimensions are then merged to form the lines and vertices in the solid. These lines are then used together with the three dimensional origin (or any other point) to produce the wireframe model in three dimensions. The loops in the wireframe models are then identified and surface equations are fitted to these loops. Finally all the necessary inputs to build a B-rep solid model are produced.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	a21e
authors	Gero, John S.
year	1990
title	A Locus for Knowledge-Based Systems in CAAD Education
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 49-60
summary	This paper outlines a possible locus for knowledge- based systems in computer-aided architectural design education. It commences with a review of computer-aided architectural design and knowledge-based systems. It then proposes their use at various stages in CAAD education.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	afdd
authors	Gupta, Anurag P. and Siewiorek, Daniel P.
year	1989
title	Hierarchical Design Synthesis : The M1 System
source	Pittsburgh: Engineering Design Research Center, September, 1989. 22 p. : ill. tables. includes bibliography
summary	Rapid advances in semiconductor technology are motivating the development of computer-aided design tools to assist human designers at the higher levels of the design process. In particular, there is a need for tools that aid system-level design synthesis - the process of producing a detailed artifact satisfying high level specifications given a set of components. A knowledge-based approach that uses a hierarchical design synthesis methodology is described. M1 is a knowledge-based system that implements the approach for the domain of single board computer design. A set of experiments which indicate M1's capabilities and the effectiveness of the approach in organizing and utilizing knowledge are presented
keywords	knowledge base, systems, design, expert systems, electrical engineering, integrated circuits, synthesis
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	315caadria2004
id	315caadria2004
authors	Kuo-Chung Wen, Wei-Lung Chen
year	2004
title	Application of Genetic Algorithms to Establish Flooding Evacuation Path Model in Metropolitan Area
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 557-570
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.557
summary	This research has shown the difficulties associated with the GIS and the flooding evacuation path search through the huge searching space generated during the network analysis process. This research also presents an approach to these problems by utilizing a search process whose concept is derived from natural genetics. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been introduced in the optimization problem solving area by Holland (1975) and Goldberg (1989) and have shown their usefulness through numerous applications. We apply GA and GIS to choice flooding evacuation path in metropolitan area in this study. We take the region of Shiji city in Taiwan for case. That could be divided into four parts. First, is to set the population of GA operation. Second, is to choose crossover and mutation. Third, is to calculate the fitness function of each generation and to select the better gene arrangement. Fourth, is to reproduce, after evolution, we can establish Flooding Evacuation Path that more reflect really human action and choice when flood takes place. However we can apply GA to calculate different evacuation path in different time series. Final, we compare and establish real model of evacuation path model to choosing flooding evacuation path.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2008_66_session6b_544
id	caadria2008_66_session6b_544
authors	Lowe, Russell
year	2008
title	Beyond the boundary object: sketches, computer games and blogs facilitating design development
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 544-551
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.544
summary	Developing Frosts’ understanding of Leigh Star’s (Star 1989) concept of the boundary object this paper seeks to answer the question “would multiple boundary objects employed simultaneously facilitate design development?” The paper reflects on and critically reviews the design, implementation, and outcomes of a first year Architectural Design course that privileged architectural representation in the form of design sketches, blogs and contemporary computer gaming technology. The review process is supported by an in depth survey of students experiences both prior to and during the course. With a large number of students enrolled in the course (158) the findings from this survey can be seen to offer a statistical reliability which is in contrast to the more usual anecdotal approach.
keywords	Boundary Object, Generalist, Specialist, Sketch, Computer Game, Blog
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	e324
authors	Oksala, Tarkko
year	1989
title	Typological Knowledge in Computer-Aided Housing Design -- Chapter 6
source	Helsinki, Finland: the Finish Academy of Technology, 1989. No. 92: pp. 49-60 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper considers logical aspects in the knowledge and rule based approach to housing planning and design. The generation problem in housing design is formulated and some experimental work in the field is discussed. Logical methods in knowledge-based generation are introduced as a frame for various production situation. Formation of typical compositions is discussed as a basis for more advanced design. Generation of typological classes and mastering of individual solutions by means of sets of predicates are used to form knowledge-bases for elementary housing solutions. The possibilities of sentenial calculi are characterized in order to allow reconstruction of tradition-guided expert know how. Finally some desirable characteristics of computer aided housing design systems are illustrated
keywords	housing, knowledge base, design, shape grammars, synthesis, floor plans, layout
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	0565
authors	Oxman, Robert and Oxman, Rivka
year	1990
title	The Computability of Architectural Knowledge
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 171-185
summary	In an important contribution to the theoretical foundation of design computing, Mitchell noted "an increasingly urgent need to establish a demonstrably sound, comprehensive, rigorously formalized theoretical foundation upon which to base practical software development efforts" (Mitchell, 1986). In this paper we propose such a theoretical framework. A basic assumption of this work is that the advancement of design computing is dependent upon the emergence of a rigorous formulation of knowledge in design. We present a model of knowledge in architectural design which suggests a promising conceptual basis for dealing with knowledge in computer-aided design systems. We require models which can represent the formal knowledge and manipulative operations of the designer in all of their complexity-that is formal models rather than just geometric models. Shape Grammars (Stiny,1980) represent an example of such models, and constitute a relatively high level of design knowledge as compared to, for example, use of symmetry operations to generate simple formal configurations. Building upon an understanding of the classes of design knowledge as the conceptual basis for formal modeling systems may contribute a new realization of the potential of the medium for design. This will require a comprehensive approach to the definition of architectural and design knowledge. We consider here the implications of a well-defined body of architectural and design knowledge for design education and the potential mutual interaction-in a knowledge-rich environment-of design learning and CAAD learning. The computational factors connected with the representation of design knowledge and its integration in design systems are among the key problems of CAAD. Mitchell's model of knowledge in design incorporates formal knowledge in a comprehensive, multi-level, hierarchical structure in which types of knowledge are correlated with computational concepts. In the main focus of this paper we present a structured, multi-level model of design knowledge which we discuss with respect to current architectural theoretical considerations. Finally, we analyze the computational and educational relevance of such models.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	ecd3
authors	Shaviv, Edna
year	1989
title	A Direct Generative CAD Tool for the Site Layout of Communities With Solar Access to Each Building
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.17.1-9.17.9
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.x6o
summary	A method for the design of communities with solar access to each building is presented. The method allows the determination of the minimum possible distance between the buildings that enables insolation, the maximum height allowed for a given building without violating the "Solar Rights" of its neighbors, and how low the window or the passive solar collector can be placed on the wall and still be insolated in winter. The fundamental idea is to use a computer and CRT to generate the entire envelope of the families of design solutions. These solutions provide the required open space between buildings to sustain the "Solar Rights" of the building under consideration. This envelope of solutions serves as a nomogram on the basis of which the location of each building in the solar communities is determined. The method creates an unlimited space of solutions, leaving the final design to the architect's imagination.
keywords	"Solar Rights", Solar Radiation, Solar Communities, Computer-Aided Architectural Design, Design Tools
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	avocaad_2001_20
id	avocaad_2001_20
authors	Shen-Kai Tang
year	2001
title	Toward a procedure of computer simulation in the restoration of historical architecture
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In the field of architectural design, “visualization¨ generally refers to some media, communicating and representing the idea of designers, such as ordinary drafts, maps, perspectives, photos and physical models, etc. (Rahman, 1992; Susan, 2000). The main reason why we adopt visualization is that it enables us to understand clearly and to control complicated procedures (Gombrich, 1990). Secondly, the way we get design knowledge is more from the published visualized images and less from personal experiences (Evans, 1989). Thus the importance of the representation of visualization is manifested.Due to the developments of computer technology in recent years, various computer aided design system are invented and used in a great amount, such as image processing, computer graphic, computer modeling/rendering, animation, multimedia, virtual reality and collaboration, etc. (Lawson, 1995; Liu, 1996). The conventional media are greatly replaced by computer media, and the visualization is further brought into the computerized stage. The procedure of visual impact analysis and assessment (VIAA), addressed by Rahman (1992), is renewed and amended for the intervention of computer (Liu, 2000). Based on the procedures above, a great amount of applied researches are proceeded. Therefore it is evident that the computer visualization is helpful to the discussion and evaluation during the design process (Hall, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998; Liu, 1997; Sasada, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998). In addition to the process of architectural design, the computer visualization is also applied to the subject of construction, which is repeatedly amended and corrected by the images of computer simulation (Liu, 2000). Potier (2000) probes into the contextual research and restoration of historical architecture by the technology of computer simulation before the practical restoration is constructed. In this way he established a communicative mode among archeologists, architects via computer media.In the research of restoration and preservation of historical architecture in Taiwan, many scholars have been devoted into the studies of historical contextual criticism (Shi, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995; Fu, 1995, 1997; Chiu, 2000). Clues that accompany the historical contextual criticism (such as oral information, writings, photographs, pictures, etc.) help to explore the construction and the procedure of restoration (Hung, 1995), and serve as an aid to the studies of the usage and durability of the materials in the restoration of historical architecture (Dasser, 1990; Wang, 1998). Many clues are lost, because historical architecture is often age-old (Hung, 1995). Under the circumstance, restoration of historical architecture can only be proceeded by restricted pictures, written data and oral information (Shi, 1989). Therefore, computer simulation is employed by scholars to simulate the condition of historical architecture with restricted information after restoration (Potier, 2000). Yet this is only the early stage of computer-aid restoration. The focus of the paper aims at exploring that whether visual simulation of computer can help to investigate the practice of restoration and the estimation and evaluation after restoration.By exploring the restoration of historical architecture (taking the Gigi Train Station destroyed by the earthquake in last September as the operating example), this study aims to establish a complete work on computer visualization, including the concept of restoration, the practice of restoration, and the estimation and evaluation of restoration.This research is to simulate the process of restoration by computer simulation based on visualized media (restricted pictures, restricted written data and restricted oral information) and the specialized experience of historical architects (Potier, 2000). During the process of practicing, communicates with craftsmen repeatedly with some simulated alternatives, and makes the result as the foundation of evaluating and adjusting the simulating process and outcome. In this way we address a suitable and complete process of computer visualization for historical architecture.The significance of this paper is that we are able to control every detail more exactly, and then prevent possible problems during the process of restoration of historical architecture.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	d703
authors	Tovey, M.
year	1989
title	Drawing and CAD in industrial design
source	Design Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 24-39
summary	Drawing is an essential component in the industrial design process, facilitating visual thinking and creativity. It constitutes one type of design model, along with specifications, 3D representations and CAD techniques. The design process involves movement from one model to another, and by using representations of different types and at different levels of detail a fluid and inventive design approach is facilitated. Examples of schematic drawings, ideas sketches and concept drawings demonstrate this in product design and transport design. CAD has proved to be highly effective in evaluative and analytical design development, and in manufacture. It is inherently unsuitable for innovative design, but has potential for contributing to evolutionary design, as is evidenced by its proven effectiveness in engineering optimization. Automotive design is almost always concerned with design evolution, and procedures for car stylists to work productively with CAD are being developed in Coventry Polytechnic's SERC funded research project Computer Aided Vehicle Styling. Vehicle stylist's design thinking is characterized by holistic, right-hemisphere processes informed by tacit knowledge and dependent on visual representation. They have particular difficulties with CAD systems. Nonetheless, design techniques that capitalize on CAD's potential and may be applicable to industrial design are briefly described. CAD drawings and conventional design drawings are compared by using examples from the car industry, and from the research project. Tentative speculations about future design procedures are made.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	29c9
authors	Van Zutphen, Rob
year	1990
title	CALinCAD: Computer-Aided Learning in CAAD
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 273-282
summary	Calibre, Eindhoven University of Technology, ABACUS, University of Strathclyde, and LEMA, University of Liege, investigate whether it is possible to teach the architectural design process, using different CAAD techniques in a more integrated way. The research is funded by the EC in the European Comettproject.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	c2ed
authors	De Vries, Mark and Wagter, Harry
year	1990
title	A CAAD Model for Use in Early Design Phases
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 215-228
summary	In this paper we present a model for handling design information in the early design phases. This model can be used for representing both vague and exact defined information. The first part describes the difficulties involved in using CAD in the architectural design process and the characteristics of that process. Then we give a description of the design information and its representation during the design process. Next an overview of the architectural design process describes how design information is added and manipulated during the design process in order to achieve an effective result. Finally, we include a brief description of a simple prototype program to illustrate how this theory acts in practice.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

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