Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	b565
authors	Yessios, Chris I. (Ed.)
year	1989
title	New Ideas and Directions for the 1990’s [Conference Proceedings]
source	ACADIA Conference Proceedings / Gainsville (Florida - USA) 27-29 October 1989, 262 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1989
summary	About a year ago, a comment of mine to Bob Johnson that recent Acadia Conferences appeared to be bypassing some of the real issues of CAAD and that the attendants seemed to be missing the opportunity to debate and to argue, landed me a request to be the Technical Chair for this Acadia 89. In spite of an expected heavy load this past year, I could not refuse. I certainly did not realize at the time what it would take to put the technical program of this Conference together: two "calls" for papers, many- many phone calls and the gracious acceptance of three invited speakers and twelve panelists. In response to a recommendation by Pamela Bancroft, last year's Technical Chair, the first call for papers had a deadline which was by about a month earlier than it has been in recent years. This must have found our membership unprepared and generated only thirteen submissions. A second call was issued with the end of July as a deadline. It generated another eleven submissions. Out of that total of twenty-four papers, ten were selected and are presented in this Conference. The selection process was based strictly on averaging the grades given by each of the three referees who blindly reviewed each paper. The names of the reviewers have been listed earlier in this volume and I wish to take this opportunity to wholeheartedly thank them. In most cases the reviewers offered extensive comments which were returned to the authors and helped them improve their papers. Many of the papers have actually been rewritten in response to the reviewers' comments and what are included in these Proceedings are substantially improved versions of the papers originally submitted. This is the way it is supposed to be, but could not be done without the excellent response by the authors. I"hey deserve our sincere thanks. It must be noted that the reviewers were not always in agreement, which should tell us something about the diverse orientations of our members. In the case of at least three papers, one reviewer gave a 0 or 1 (very low) when another gave a 9 or 10 (very high). In these cases the third reviewer gave the deciding grade. In no case was there a need for me to break a tie. Under normal circumstances, these "controversial" papers should have gone out for another cycle of reviews. Time did not permit to do so. However, I feel confident that the papers which have been selected deserve to be heard. It may be worth speculating why it took two calls to generate only 24 submissions when last year we had 42. There are a number of factors which must have had an effect. First of all, the early deadline. Secondly, the theme of this year's Conference was more focussed than it has been in the recent past. In addition, it was quite challenging. Even though the calls also encouraged submissions in areas other than the central theme, they discouraged contributions which might be redundant with past presentations. This must have filtered out presentations about "CAD in the studio" which did not have an orientation distinctively different from what everybody else is doing. Last, but possibly the most decisive factor must have been that, this year, Acadia was in competition with the Futures Conference. It does not take much to observe that more than half of the presentations at the CAAD Futures Conference were given by active Acadia members. Acadia should by all means be delighted that the bi-annual Futures took place in the States this year, but it certainly made our organizational task harder. As a matter of fact, as a record of CAAD happenings in 1989, 1 believe the Proceedings of the two Conferences complement each other and should be read as a pair.
series	ACADIA
email
more	http://www.acadia.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	8bf3
authors	McCullough, M., Mitchell, W.J. and Purcell, P. (Eds.)
year	1990
title	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [Conference Proceedings]
source	International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design 1989/ ISBN 0-262-13254-0] (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, 505 p.
summary	Design is the computation of shape information that is needed to guide fabrication or construction of artifacts. But it is not so straightforward as, say, the computation of numerical information required to balance a checkbook. This is partly because algebras of shapes are not as well understood and precisely formalized as algebras of numbers, partly because the rules for carrying out shape computations tend to be fluid and ill defined and partly because the predicates that must be satisfied to achieve successful termination are often complex and difficult to specify. For centuries architects have carried out shape computations by hand, using informal procedures and the simplest of tools. Over the last two decades though, they have made increasing use of more formal procedures executed by computers. It is still too early to be sure of the gains and losses that follow from this development, but there is no doubt that it raises some challenging questions of architectural theory and some perplexing issues for those concerned with the future of architectural education. This book frames those issues and provides a diversity of perspectives on them. Its contents were initially presented at the CAAD Futures 89 Conference-an international gathering of researchers and teachers in the field of computer-aided architectural design which was jointly sponsored by the Harvard Graduate School of Design and the MIT Department of Architecture and held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in July 1989. There are four major sections: Theoretical Foundations, Knowledge-Based Design Tools, Information Delivery Systems, and Case Studies: Electronic Media in the Design Studio. In a representative collection of current views, over thirty extensively illustrated papers discuss the experiences of universities in the USA, Europe, Japan, Israel, Canada, and Australia, articulate present theoretical and practical concerns, provide criticism of media and methods, and suggest directions for the future. Architectural educators and architects concerned with the effect of computer technology on the design process will find here an indispensable reference and a rich source of ideas. This book was itself prepared in an electronic design studio. Composition and typography, most image collection and placement, and such editing as was practical within this publishing format, were all performed digitally using Macintosh computers at the Harvard Graduate School of Design during a period of a few weeks in 1989.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	0e93
authors	Af Klercker, Jonas
year	1989
title	Interactive Animation on the Macintosh II
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.5.1-9.5.6
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.a0t
summary	The efficiency of images in communication between humans has so far been used almost exclusively by TV and other mass medias. The costs have been too great to encourage the use of images in the financially restricted everyday practice of architecture. With a range of application programs for the Apple Macintosh II the vision has come close to reality. It is now possible to create guided walks with the chance to choose different routes and views in a model of buildings and surroundings in 256 colour graphics. The makers of these programs may not have foreseen this use for their products and that is why it takes quite a lot of effort to make all the necessary images. With some supplementary routines however, this will be made much easier. Animation can also be used to visualize different processes inside a building. We have been studying the working environment in mechanical industry. The goal of this project is to make communication possible between the workers at all levels of an organization in planning changes and has so far been very successful. The use of this technique is only limited by our imagination and funding. Some examples to be tested in the near future are "Escape at a fire", "Animation of a Dairy", "Traffic situations in a parking lot-, "CAD-working place" and others. One of the difficulties in interactive planning with users has been to come close enough to their reality. With animated images it is possible to visualize what is going to happen and what it is going to look like in a more understandable way. In education this must be a challenging possibility. Changes and processes are some of the most difficult subjects to describe and explain! The software used is a handful of individual programs which, thanks to the graphics standards of the Macintosh, can exchange data with each other.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.caad.lth.se/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	88cb
authors	Gero, John S. and Oksala, Tarkko (editors)
year	1988
title	Knowledge-Based Systems in Architecture
source	TIPS'88 - Knowledge Based Design in Architecture, Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica (1988 : Helsinki, Finland). 143 p. 1989
summary	The technology of knowledge-based systems can be found in texts on artificial intelligence. There is very little published so far on knowledge-based systems in architecture. To this end an international conference -- TIPS' 88: Knowledge-Based Design in Architecture -- was organized for August 1988 in Finland. Thirteen papers from that conference have been selected and edited for this monograph. They are grouped under five parts: Introduction; Schemas and Models; Processes and Knowledge; Modeling Buildings; and Creativity and Knowledge-Based Systems
keywords	knowledge base, architecture, representation, expert systems,building, creativity
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8e13
authors	Jenkinson, L., Brown, A.G.P. and Horton, F.
year	1989
title	Architectural Design and Drawing
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 6.5.1-6.5.17
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.r9h
summary	This paper focuses on the function of drawing in architectural design. It does so by taking an in- depth look at the drawing material produced for the design of the chapel at Ronchamp. Within architectural design there is more than one type of drawing. The objective therefore is to determine what exactly these different types of drawing are and furthermore what their function is for the architect. For we believe that questioning, at this basic level, the function of drawing within the design process provides the basis from which it is possible to go on to question the function of computer-based drawing within the design process, and consequently it's function in CAAD.
keywords	Drawing, Design Process, Le Corbusier, Ronchamp, CAAD
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	avocaad_2001_19
id	avocaad_2001_19
authors	Shen-Kai Tang, Yu-Tung Liu, Yu-Sheng Chung, Chi-Seng Chung
year	2001
title	The visual harmony between new and old materials in the restoration of historical architecture: A study of computer simulation
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In the research of historical architecture restoration, scholars respectively focus on the field of architectural context and architectural archeology (Shi, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995; Fu, 1995, 1997; Chiu, 2000) or on architecture construction and the procedure of restoration (Shi, 1988, 1989; Chiu, 1990). How to choose materials and cope with their durability becomes an important issue in the restoration of historical architecture (Dasser, 1990; Wang, 1998).In the related research of the usage and durability of materials, some scholars deem that, instead of continuing the traditional ways that last for hundreds of years (that is to replace new materials with old ones), it might be better to keep the original materials (Dasser, 1990). However, unavoidably, some of the originals are much worn. Thus we have to first establish the standard of eliminating components, and secondly to replace identical or similar materials with the old components (Lee, 1990). After accomplishing the restoration, we often unexpectedly find out that the renewed historical building is too new that the sense of history is eliminated (Dasser, 1990; Fu, 1997). Actually this is the important factor that determines the accomplishment of restoration. In the past, some scholars find out that the contrast and conflict between new and old materials are contributed to the different time of manufacture and different coating, such as antiseptic, pattern, etc., which result in the discrepancy of the sense of visual perception (Lee, 1990; Fu, 1997; Dasser, 1990).In recent years, a number of researches and practice of computer technology have been done in the field of architectural design. We are able to proceed design communication more exactly by the application of some systematic softwares, such as image processing, computer graphic, computer modeling/rendering, animation, multimedia, virtual reality and so on (Lawson, 1995; Liu, 1996). The application of computer technology to the research of the preservation of historical architecture is comparatively late. Continually some researchers explore the procedure of restoration by computer simulation technology (Potier, 2000), or establish digital database of the investigation of historical architecture (Sasada, 2000; Wang, 1998). How to choose materials by the technology of computer simulation influences the sense of visual perception. Liu (2000) has a more complete result on visual impact analysis and assessment (VIAA) about the research of urban design projection. The main subjects of this research paper focuses on whether the technology of computer simulation can extenuate the conflict between new and old materials that imposed on visual perception.The objective of this paper is to propose a standard method of visual harmony effects for materials in historical architecture (taking the Gigi Train Station destroyed by the earthquake in last September as the operating example).There are five steps in this research: 1.Categorize the materials of historical architecture and establish the information in digital database. 2.Get new materials of historical architecture and establish the information in digital database. 3.According to the mixing amount of new and old materials, determinate their proportion of the building; mixing new and old materials in a certain way. 4.Assign the mixed materials to the computer model and proceed the simulation of lighting. 5.Make experts and the citizens to evaluate the accomplished computer model in order to propose the expected standard method.According to the experiment mentioned above, we first address a procedure of material simulation of the historical architecture restoration and then offer some suggestions of how to mix new and old materials.By this procedure of simulation, we offer a better view to control the restoration of historical architecture. And, the discrepancy and discordance by new and old materials can be released. Moreover, we thus avoid to reconstructing ¡§too new¡¨ historical architecture.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	a74a
authors	Asanowicz, Alexander
year	1989
title	Four Easy Questions
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.18.1-9.18.4
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.x8v
summary	Should we teach CAAD? - yes, but why? Answer to this question is clear too. Question three - "when?" - on the 5, 6 and 7 term. Why so rate? - it is a compromise because "Architecture is an art" and students of architecture should know how to make a project without computers. How to teach CAAD? - we should teach haw to use professional computer programs and not programming. We must work out a new manual for architects. It should be constructed in such a way as to correspond to consecutive steps of the architectural design process.
keywords	CAAD, Manuals, Architectural Design Process
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0642
authors	Eastman, Charles M.
year	1989
title	Why Are We Here and Where We are Going: The Evolution of CAD
source	New Ideas and Directions for the 1990’s [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Gainsville (Florida - USA) 27-29 October 1989, pp. 9-26
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1989.009
summary	This paper reviews architectural CAD in terms of its current use, development and status within the U.S. The characteristics of a new generation of architectural CAD system, called building modeling, are outlined. Criteria are developed for the evaluation of CAD systems that support building modeling. Some of the opportunities for universities growing out of building modeling are reviewed, including pedagogical implications and opportunities for research.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	avocaad_2001_20
id	avocaad_2001_20
authors	Shen-Kai Tang
year	2001
title	Toward a procedure of computer simulation in the restoration of historical architecture
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In the field of architectural design, “visualization¨ generally refers to some media, communicating and representing the idea of designers, such as ordinary drafts, maps, perspectives, photos and physical models, etc. (Rahman, 1992; Susan, 2000). The main reason why we adopt visualization is that it enables us to understand clearly and to control complicated procedures (Gombrich, 1990). Secondly, the way we get design knowledge is more from the published visualized images and less from personal experiences (Evans, 1989). Thus the importance of the representation of visualization is manifested.Due to the developments of computer technology in recent years, various computer aided design system are invented and used in a great amount, such as image processing, computer graphic, computer modeling/rendering, animation, multimedia, virtual reality and collaboration, etc. (Lawson, 1995; Liu, 1996). The conventional media are greatly replaced by computer media, and the visualization is further brought into the computerized stage. The procedure of visual impact analysis and assessment (VIAA), addressed by Rahman (1992), is renewed and amended for the intervention of computer (Liu, 2000). Based on the procedures above, a great amount of applied researches are proceeded. Therefore it is evident that the computer visualization is helpful to the discussion and evaluation during the design process (Hall, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998; Liu, 1997; Sasada, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998). In addition to the process of architectural design, the computer visualization is also applied to the subject of construction, which is repeatedly amended and corrected by the images of computer simulation (Liu, 2000). Potier (2000) probes into the contextual research and restoration of historical architecture by the technology of computer simulation before the practical restoration is constructed. In this way he established a communicative mode among archeologists, architects via computer media.In the research of restoration and preservation of historical architecture in Taiwan, many scholars have been devoted into the studies of historical contextual criticism (Shi, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995; Fu, 1995, 1997; Chiu, 2000). Clues that accompany the historical contextual criticism (such as oral information, writings, photographs, pictures, etc.) help to explore the construction and the procedure of restoration (Hung, 1995), and serve as an aid to the studies of the usage and durability of the materials in the restoration of historical architecture (Dasser, 1990; Wang, 1998). Many clues are lost, because historical architecture is often age-old (Hung, 1995). Under the circumstance, restoration of historical architecture can only be proceeded by restricted pictures, written data and oral information (Shi, 1989). Therefore, computer simulation is employed by scholars to simulate the condition of historical architecture with restricted information after restoration (Potier, 2000). Yet this is only the early stage of computer-aid restoration. The focus of the paper aims at exploring that whether visual simulation of computer can help to investigate the practice of restoration and the estimation and evaluation after restoration.By exploring the restoration of historical architecture (taking the Gigi Train Station destroyed by the earthquake in last September as the operating example), this study aims to establish a complete work on computer visualization, including the concept of restoration, the practice of restoration, and the estimation and evaluation of restoration.This research is to simulate the process of restoration by computer simulation based on visualized media (restricted pictures, restricted written data and restricted oral information) and the specialized experience of historical architects (Potier, 2000). During the process of practicing, communicates with craftsmen repeatedly with some simulated alternatives, and makes the result as the foundation of evaluating and adjusting the simulating process and outcome. In this way we address a suitable and complete process of computer visualization for historical architecture.The significance of this paper is that we are able to control every detail more exactly, and then prevent possible problems during the process of restoration of historical architecture.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	4bf3
authors	Blinn, James F.
year	1989
title	Optimal Tubes
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. September, 1989. vol. 9: pp. 8-13 : ill. (some col.)
summary	The author discusses how to cut down the number of polygons required to model and render the Voyager spacecraft. The geometric problem is to find the tangent lines from a point to a circle. There are two ways to go about solving this, one using garden-variety analytical geometry and the other using high tech homogeneous coordinates. The author in this column discusses the simple way
keywords	programming, geometry, algorithms, computer graphics, techniques
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	417a
authors	Cipriani, R., Lagomarsino, A.D., Stagnaro, A., Valenti, E. and Sambolino, T.
year	1990
title	Some Years' Experience Teaching CAAD
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 347-361
summary	In the conventional way of teaching architecture, it is common to think of design as the final synthesis of an intellectual process (composizione in Italian) integrating different elements from different curriculum subjects: history, structural analysis., technology, regional and urban planning, and so on. These elements, being comprehensive of their specific domains, together build the project. This process is supported by a long traditional that cannot easily be modified; however, we must not consider it to be the only one. Architectural practice should be much more. The Scuole di Architettura has walked a long and difficult road in the last thirty years., with a significant widening of interest in social, political, and economic issues. There have been recurring attempts at epistemological reformulation in some areas. There has been an acknowledgment of a crisis in contemporary town planning and a dimming of several certitudes that had developed with the birth and growth of the modernist school. And there has been a weakening of the promises that had given life to the vigorous discussion about town and regional planning. All of this leads to a reconsideration of the meaning and the deeper assumptions that the project implies, a question mark at the center of the human sciences that architectural practice involves. The old tradition., which assigned composition a central role in the project, is no longer sufficient because it is related to a reductive reading of epistemology that views human sciences as defining segments of physical knowledge of the actual world. Contemporary reflection on the difference between understanding and unfolding, together with the attention given to interpreting a moment as compared to purely describing one, gives to the project the task of inquiry instead of solution.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	a235
authors	Danahy, John W.
year	1990
title	Irises in a Landscape: An Experiment in Dynamic Interaction and Teaching Design Studio
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 363-376
summary	The capacity of most computer-aided design systems is inadequate to represent landscape architectural ideas and compute landscape scenes quickly. As part of our teaching agenda, we decided to write software for the Silicon Graphics Iris workstations to tackle this problem directly. This paper begins with a discussion of our concerns about the use of CAD tools in the representation of landscape architectural space. Secondly, we discuss the approach that Toronto takes to computing and teaching with particular emphasis on the use of computers to support an integrated representational work environment. Finally, a fourth-year design studio that used our software is reviewed. Static illustrations of the system are presented here, although there is a videotape that demonstrates the dynamic nature of the system.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	e378
authors	Gerken, H.
year	1989
title	Performance and Problems of Software Surveys
source	CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 6.3.1-6.3.4
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.h3l
summary	The general purpose of surveys of products and services is to give a first information on a special market segment to the potential buyer. Therefore such surveys have an important transmitting and at the same time objectifying task. There is a lot of software surveys in West Germany and German-speaking neighboring countries, for instance the well known Nomina Reports. Besides these general, many application fields and computer classes comprising surveys there are special ones which are sometimes part of a larger publication. In the field of architecture there are two special software surveys available: the survey of the Swiss engineers and architects association (SIA) and the survey of the Institute of Architecture and Planning Theory (IAP) of the University of Hannover.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	afdd
authors	Gupta, Anurag P. and Siewiorek, Daniel P.
year	1989
title	Hierarchical Design Synthesis : The M1 System
source	Pittsburgh: Engineering Design Research Center, September, 1989. 22 p. : ill. tables. includes bibliography
summary	Rapid advances in semiconductor technology are motivating the development of computer-aided design tools to assist human designers at the higher levels of the design process. In particular, there is a need for tools that aid system-level design synthesis - the process of producing a detailed artifact satisfying high level specifications given a set of components. A knowledge-based approach that uses a hierarchical design synthesis methodology is described. M1 is a knowledge-based system that implements the approach for the domain of single board computer design. A set of experiments which indicate M1's capabilities and the effectiveness of the approach in organizing and utilizing knowledge are presented
keywords	knowledge base, systems, design, expert systems, electrical engineering, integrated circuits, synthesis
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a076
authors	Hyde, R.
year	1989
title	Design procedures in architectural design: applications in CAAD
source	Design Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 239-245
summary	Normally, CAAD systems are used at the production end of the design process. Yet there is great potential, particularly with the graphics facility offered by these systems, to use them at the beginning or formative part of the design process. One problem with this direction lies in the procedures for using these systems. This paper compares traditional procedures for using graphic information with computer-aided procedures and discusses the relative merits of the approaches for the designer.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	cdd3
authors	Mitchell, William J.
year	1990
title	A New Agenda For Computer-Aided Design
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 1-16
summary	Design is the computation of shape information that is needed to guide fabrication or construction of an artifact. This information normally specifies artifact topology (connections of vertices, edges, surfaces, and closed volumes), dimensions, angles, and tolerances on dimensions and angles. There may also be associations of symbols with subshapes to specify material and other such properties. The process of design takes different forms in different contexts, but the most usual computational operations are transformations (unary operations) and combinations (binary operations) of shapes in a two-dimensional drawing or a three-dimensional geometric model. An initial vocabulary of shapes, together with a repertoire of shape transformation and combination operators., establishes the shape algebra within which the computation takes place. The computation terminates successfully when it can be shown that certain predicates are satisfied by a shape produced by recursively applying the transformation and combination operators to the initial vocabulary. These predicates are usually stated in symbolic (verbal or numerical) form. Thus determination of whether a predicate is satisfied usually involves producing a numerical or verbal interpretation of a drawing, then deriving inferences from this interpretation by applying rules or formulae.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	2e50
authors	Ozersay, Fevzi and Szalapaj, Peter
year	1999
title	Theorising a Sustainable Computer Aided Architectural Education Model
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 186-195
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.186
summary	The dogmatic structure of architectural education has meant that the production and application of new educational theories, leading to educational models that use computer technology as their central medium of education, is still a relatively under-explored area. Partial models cannot deliver the expected bigger steps, but only bits and pieces. Curricula developments, at many schools of architecture, have been carried out within the closed circuit manner of architectural education, through expanding the traditional curricula and integrating computers into them. There is still no agreed curriculum in schools of architecture, which defines, at least conceptually, the use of computers within it. Do we really know what we are doing? In the words of Aart Bijl; 'If I want to know what I am doing, I need a separate description of my doing it, a theory' [Bijl, 1989]. The word 'sustainability' is defined as understanding the past and responding to the present with concern for the future. Applying this definition to architectural education, this paper aims to outline the necessity and the principles for the construction of a theory of a sustainable computer aided architectural education model, which could lead to an architectural education that is lasting.
keywords	Architectural Education, Educational Theories, Computers, Sustainable Models
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	5bec
authors	Penrose, R.
year	1989
title	The Emperor's New Mind. Concerning Computers Minds, and the Laws of Physics.
source	Oxford University Press
summary	The Emperor's New Mind, physicist Roger Penrose's 1989 treatise attacking the foundations of strong artificial intelligence, is crucial for anyone interested in the history of thinking about AI and consciousness. Part survey of modern physics, part exploration of the philosophy of mind, the book is not for casual readers--though it's not overly technical, it rarely pauses to let the reader catch a breath. The overview of relativity and quantum theory, written by a master, is priceless and uncontroversial. The exploration of consciousness and AI, though, is generally considered as resting on shakier ground. Penrose claims that there is an intimate, perhaps unknowable relation between quantum effects and our thinking, and ultimately derives his anti-AI stance from his proposition that some, if not all, of our thinking is non-algorithmic. Of course, these days we believe that there are other avenues to AI than traditional algorithmic programming; while he has been accused of setting up straw robots to knock down, this accusation is unfair. Little was then known about the power of neural networks and behavior-based robotics to simulate (and, some would say, produce) intelligent problem-solving behavior. Whether these tools will lead to strong AI is ultimately a question of belief, not proof, and The Emperor's New Mind offers powerful arguments useful to believer and nonbeliever alike
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	47e8
authors	Pikaar, R.N.
year	1998
title	Situation Analysis of Design Tasks for CAD Systems
source	Behaviour and Information Technology 1989 v.8 n.3 p.191-206
summary	There has been little empirical research on the human aspects of CAD systems. In this paper observations on the analyses of designer activities are presented, by using a systems design approach. The paper concentrates on situation analysis and subsequent allocation of system tasks. A situation analysis was carried out in two design departments. The analysis consisted of a formal system description and a reconstruction interview. During the interview the previous week's activities were reconstructed with the help of photographs of the drawing board and protocols completed by design draughtspersons. This procedure was used for six design projects. In this study the technique of the reconstruction interview proved to be very useful and informative, and enabled three general conclusions to be made. First, designers liked the initial design phase and their responsibility for the final result. Second, they disliked the activities associated with drawing as well as the project documentation phase. Third, they preferred to work with two or more drawings on the drawing board. A number of frequent tasks could be identified, for example, large scale manipulation within and between drawings. In the final section, an example of a global allocation of system tasks for the design of a CAD system is given.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

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