Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ab63
authors	Gross, Mark D.
year	1990
title	Relational Modeling: A Basis for Computer-Assisted Design
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 123-136
summary	Today's computer assisted design (CAD) systems automate traditional ways of working with tracing paper and pencil, but they cannot represent the rules and relationships of a design. As hardware becomes faster and memory less expensive, more sophisticated fundamental software technologies will be adopted. This shift in the basis of CAD will provide powerful capabilities and offer new ways to think about designing. Recently parametric design, a technique for describing a large class of designs with a small description in code, has become a focus of attention in architectural computing. In parametric CAD systems, design features are identified and keyed to a number of input variables. Changes in the input values result in variations of the basic design. Based on conventional software technologies, parametric design has been successfully applied in many design domains including architecture and is supported by several commercial CAD packages. A weakness of parametric techniques is the need to predetermine which properties are input parameters to be varied and which are to be derived. Relational modeling is a simple and powerful extension of parametric design that overcomes this weakness. By viewing relations as reversible rather than one-way, any set of properties can be chosen as input parameters. For example, a relational model that calculates the shadow length of a given building can also be used to calculate the building height given a desired shadow length. In exercising a relational model the designer is not limited to a pre-selected set of input variables but can explore and experiment freely with changes in all parts of the model. Co is a relational modeling environment under development on the Macintosh-II computer, and Co-Draw, a prototype CAD program based on Co. Co's relationaI engine and object-oriented database provide a powerful basis for modeling design relations. Co-Draw's interactive graphics offer a flexible medium for design exploration. Co provides tools for viewing and editing design models in various representations, including spreadsheet cards, tree and graph structures, as well as plan and elevation graphics. Co's concepts and architecture are described and the implications for design education are discussed.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	8a0c
authors	Tan, Milton
year	1990
title	Saying What It Is by What It Is Like - Describing Shapes Using Line Relationships
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 201-213
summary	Shapes - taken as well-defined collections of lines - are fundamental building blocks in architectural drawings. From doodles to shop drawings, shapes are used to denote ideas and represent elements of design, many of which ultimately translate into actual objects. But because designs evolve, the shapes representing a design are seldom static - instead, they are perpetually open to transformations. And since transformations involve relationships, conventional methods of describing shapes as sets of discrete endpoints may not provide an appropriate foundation for schematic design. This paper begins with a review of the perception of shapes and its significance in design. In particular, it argues that juxtapositions and inter-relationships of shapes are important seedbeds for creative development of designs. It is clear that conventional representation of shapes as sets of discrete lines does not cope with these -emergent" subshapes; the most basic of which arise out of intersecting and colinear lines. Attempts to redress this by using ‘reduction rules’ based on traditional point-and-line data structures are encumbered by computational problems of precision and shape specification. Basically, this means that some ‘close’ cases of sub-shapes may escape detection and their specifications are difficult to use in substitution operations. The paper presents the findings of a computer project - Emergence II - which explored a 'relational' description of shapes based on the concept of construction lines. It builds on the notion that architectural shapes are constructed in a graphic context and that, at a basic compositional level, the context can be set by construction lines. Accordingly, the interface enables the delineation of line segments with reference to pre-established construction lines. This results in a simple data structure where the knowledge of shapes is centralized in a lookup table of all its construction lines rather than dispersed in the specifications of line segments. Taking this approach, the prototype software shows the ease and efficiency of applying ‘reduction rules’ for intersection and colinear conditions, and for finding emergent sub-shapes by simply tracking the construction lines delimiting the ends of line segments.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	2bb6
authors	Van Bakergem, Dave
year	1990
title	Image Collections in the Design Studio
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 261-271
summary	No matter what the medium, architects are constantly using images in all aspects of design thinking. Whether it is the perception of the environment, an image in the mind's eye, an abstract drawing or a photographic record, designers use images to conceive of, and manipulate their design ideas. Managing these image collections occurs at a variety of levels in the creative process and is dependent on the type of image that is called upon for reference. The most basic example would be the image collection residing in the mind's memory which is a result of the designer’s world experiences and the relative impressiveness of each experience. Clearly, personal memory plays a significant role in the use of imagery in design, but it is unreliable and can be abstracted in uncontrollable ways. The sketchbook and later photographic collections of the grand tour were the beginnings of efforts to manage and utilize image collections as an aid to drawing and thinking about design. Now the capacity to use electronic means of creating, altering, storing, and retrieving images will enable designers to effectively use large image collections in ways that have not been possible before. This paper describes current work at the School of Architecture at Washington University in a graduate design studio. The students use a powerful 3D modeling CAD system (HOKDraw) to design and present their studio projects. In addition, we are experimenting with an image storage and retrieval system which is directly linked to the CAD model through a relational database (INGRES). Access to the database and images is instantly available through the command language and graphic display. The CAD model in effect becomes a 3D menu to an extensive image database stored on an optical memory disc recorder. Several collections are available to the studio members: the library's slide collection which relates to the studio project, specific photographs and drawings of the project site, and personal image collections stored by individuals for their own reference. The commonly accessible images are basically background material and images collected by the students to document the site, urban context and building typology. The personal images collections are any images (drawings, photographs, published images, CAD images) created or collected by the students for purposes of informing their design thinking. This work relates to the use of precedents and typology in architecture as a point of departure as well as in development of design ideas.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	235d
authors	Catalano, Fernando
year	1990
title	The Computerized Design Firm
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 317-332
summary	This paper is not just about the future of computerized design practice. It is about what to do today in contemplation of tomorrow-the issues of computercentered practice and the courses of action open to us can be discerned by the careful observer. The realities of computerized design practice are different from the issues on which design education still fixes its attention. To educators, the present paper recommends further clinical research on computerized design firms and suggests that case studies on the matter be developed and utilized as teaching material. Research conducted by the author of this paper indicates that a new form of design firm is emerging-the computerized design firm-totally supported and augmented by the new information technology. The present paper proceeds by introducing an abridged case study of an actual totally electronic, computerized design practice. Then, the paper concentrates on modelling the computerized design firm as an intelligent system, indicating non-trivial changes in its structure and strategy brought about by the introduction of the new information technology into its operations - among other considerations, different strategies and diverse conceptions of management and workgroup roles are highlighted. In particular, this paper points out that these structural and strategic changes reflect back on the technology of information with pressures to redirect present emphasis on the individual designer, working alone in an isolated workstation, to a more realistic conception of the designer as a member of an electronic workgroup. Finally, the paper underlines that this non-trivial conception demands that new hardware and software be developed to meet the needs of the electronic workgroup - which raises issues of human-machine interface. Further, it raises the key issues of how to represent and expose knowledge to users in intelligent information - sharing systems, designed to include not only good user interfaces for supporting problem-solving activities of individuals, but also good organizational interfaces for supporting the problem-solving activities of groups. The paper closes by charting promising directions for further research and with a few remarks about the computerized design firm's (near) future.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	ab9c
authors	Kvan, Thomas and Kvan, Erik
year	1999
title	Is Design Really Social
source	International Journal of Virtual Reality, 4:1
summary	There are many who will readily agree with Mitchell's assertion that "the most interesting new directions (for computer-aided design) are suggested by the growing convergence of computation and telecommunication. This allows us to treat designing not just as a technical process... but also as a social process." [Mitchell 1995]. The assumption is that design was a social process until users of computer-aided design systems were distracted into treating it as a merely technical process. Most readers will assume that this convergence must and will lead to increased communication between design participants, that better social interaction leads to be better design. The unspoken assumption appears to be that putting the participants into an environment with maximal communication channels will result in design collaboration. The tools provided, therefore, must permit the best communication and the best social interaction. We see a danger here, a pattern being repeated which may lead us into less than useful activities. As with several (popular) architectural design or modelling systems already available, however, computer system implementations all too often are poor imitations manual systems. For example, few in the field will argue with the statement that the storage of data in layers in a computer-aided drafting system is an dispensable approach. Layers derive from manual overlay drafting technology [Stitt 1984] which was regarded as an advanced (manual) production concept at the time many software engineers were specifying CAD software designs. Early implementations of CAD systems (such as RUCAPS, GDS, Computervision) avoided such data organisation, the software engineers recognising that object-based structures are more flexible, permitting greater control of data editing and display. Layer-based systems, however, are easier to implement in software, more familiar to the user and hence easier to explain, initially easier to use but more limiting for an experienced and thoughtful user, leading in the end to a lesser quality in resultant drawings and significant problems in output control (see Richens [1990], pp. 31-40 for a detailed analysis of such features and constraints). Here then we see the design for architectural software faithfully but inappropriately following manual methods. So too is there a danger of assuming that the best social interaction is that done face-to-face, therefore all collaborative design communications environments must mimic face-to-face.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 10:29

_id	ecaade2023_227
id	ecaade2023_227
authors	Moorhouse, Jon and Freeman, Tim
year	2023
title	Towards a Genome for Zero Carbon Retrofit of UK Housing
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 197–206
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.197
summary	The United Kingdom has some of the worst insulated housing stock in Northern Europe. This is in part due to the age of housing in the UK, with over 90% being built before 1990 [McCrone 2017, Piddington 2020]. Moreover, 85% of current UK housing will still be in use in 2050 by which stage their Government are targeting Net Carbon Zero [Eyre 2019]. Domestic energy use accounts for around 25% of UK carbon emissions. The UK will need to retrofit 20 million dwellings in order to meet this target. If this delivery were evenly spread, it would equate to over 2,000 retrofit completions each day. Government-funded initiatives are stimulating the market, with upwards of 60,000 social housing retrofits planned for 2023, but it is clear that a system must be developed to enable the design and implementation of housing-stock improvement at a large scale.This paper charts the 20-year development of a digital approach to the design for low-carbon domestic retrofit by architects Constructive Thinking Studio Limited and thence documents the emergence of a collaborative approach to retrofit patterns on a National scale. The author has led the Research and Development stream of this practice, developing a Building Information Modelling methodology and integrated Energy Modelling techniques to optimise design for housing retrofit [Georgiadou 2019, Ben 2020], and then inform a growing palette of details and a database of validated solutions [Moorhouse 2013] that can grow and be used to predict options for future projects [D’Angelo 2022]. The data is augmented by monitoring energy and environmental performance, enabling a growing body of knowledge that can be aligned with existing big data to simulate the benefits of nationwide stock improvement. The paper outlines incremental case studies and collaborative methods pivotal in developing this work The proposed outcome of the work is a Retrofit Genome that is available at a national level.
keywords	Retrofit, Housing, Zero-Carbon, BIM, Big Data, Design Genome
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	4ec7
authors	Papper, Mike
year	1990
title	Using high-level constraints to aid space planning applications in computer-aided design
source	University of Toronto, Department of Computer Science
summary	This thesis describes a system that aids in solving space planning and layout design problems through an innovative use of constraints. Space planning problem solving is aided by constrained manipulation, a trial-and-error approach, and modelling the scaling properties of objects. Constraints are used to model various physical properties of solid objects (including gravity and friction) and to control the way in which objects scale. The system runs on a Silicon Graphics workstation supporting interactive, real-time, 3-dimensional graphics that aid in visualizing designs. The problems handled by our prototype are restricted to objects representable with rectangular solids oriented along the cartesian axes. This system was used by designers and novice computer users to solve a studio layout problem. Constraints were found to aid in the manipulation of objects by providing predictable behaviour for objects. The test results indicate that subjects learn the behaviour of objects easily and use this information in useful ways. In addition, there are indications that constraints can reduce users' cognitive loads at the user interface level. The coupling of constraints with the interactive, 3-dimensional aspect of the system encourages the use of the system at earlier stages of the design process than simple geometric drafting systems. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
series	thesis:MSc
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	diss_anders
id	diss_anders
authors	Anders, P.
year	2003
title	A Procedural Model for Integrating Physical and Cyberspaces in Architecture
source	Doctoral dissertation, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K
summary	This dissertation articulates opportunities offered by architectural computation, in particular the digital simulation of space known as virtual reality (VR) and its networked, social variant cyberspace. Research suggests that environments that hybridize technologies call for a conception of space as information, i.e. space is both a product of and tool for cognition. The thesis proposes a model whereby architecture can employ this concept of space in creating hybrids that integrate physical and cyberspaces.The dissertation presents important developments in architectural computation that disclose concepts and values that contrast with orthodox practice. Virtual reality and cyberspace, the foci of this inquiry, are seen to embody the more problematic aspects of these developments. They also raise a question of redundancy: If a simulation is good enough, do we still need to build? This question, raised early in the 1990's, is explored through a thought experiment - the Library Paradox - which is assessed and critiqued for its idealistic premises. Still, as technology matures and simulations become more realistic the challenge posed by VR/cyberspace to architecture only becomes more pressing. If the case for virtual idealism seems only to be strengthened by technological and cultural trends, it would seem that a virtual architecture should have been well established in the decade since its introduction.Yet a history of the virtual idealist argument discloses the many difficulties faced by virtual architects. These include differences between idealist and professional practitioners, the failure of technology to achieve its proponents' claims, and confusion over the meaning of virtual architecture among both architects and clients. However, the dissertation also cites the success of virtual architecture in other fields - Human Computer Interface design, digital games, and Computer Supported Collaborative Work - and notes that their adoption of space derives from practice within each discipline. It then proposes that the matter of VR/cyberspace be addressed from within the practice of architecture, a strategy meant to balance the theoretical/academic inclination of previous efforts in this field.The dissertation pursues an assessment that reveals latent, accepted virtualities in design methodologies, instrumentation, and the notations of architectural practices. Of special importance is a spatial database that now pervades the design and construction processes. The unity of this database, effectively a project's cyberspace, and its material counterpart is the subject of the remainder of the dissertation. Such compositions of physical and cyberspaces are herein called cybrids. The dissertation examines current technologies that cybridize architecture and information technology, and proposes their integration within cybrid wholes. The concept of cybrids is articulated in seven principles that are applied in a case study for the design for the Planetary Collegium. The project is presented and critiqued on the basis of these seven principles. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of possible effects of cybrids upon architecture and contemporary culture.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 12:58

_id	0f73
authors	Ervin, Stephen M.
year	1990
title	Designing with Diagrams: A Role for Computing in Design Education and Exploration
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 107-122
summary	Environmental designers, design educators and design students using computers are a constituency with a set of requirements for database structure and flexibility, for knowledge representation and inference mechanisms, and for both graphical and non-graphical operations, that are now articulatable and to-date largely unmet. This is especially so in the area called 'preliminary' or 'schematic' design, where our requirements are related to, but different from, those of our colleagues in mechanical and electrical engineering, whose needs have dominated the notable developments in this area. One manifestation of these needs is in the peculiar form of graphics called diagrams , and the ways in which environmental designers (architects, landscape architects., urban designers) use them. Our diagrams are both similar to and different from structural, circuit, or logical diagrams in important ways. These similarities and differences yield basic insights into designing and design knowledge, and provide guidance for some necessary steps in the development of the next generation of CAD systems. Diagrams as a form of knowledge representation have received little scrutiny in the literature of graphic representation and computer graphics. In the following sections I present an overview of the theoretical basis for distinguishing and using diagrams; examine some of the computational requirements for a system of computer-aided diagramming; describe a prototype implementation called CBD (Constraint Based Diagrammer) and illustrate one example of its use; and speculate on the implications and potential applications of these ideas in computer-aided design education.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/03 17:58

_id	a23f
authors	Jordan, J. Peter (Ed.)
year	1990
title	From Research to Practice [Conference Proceedings]
source	ACADIA Conference Proceedings / Big Sky (Montana - USA) 4-6 October 1990, 231 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1990
summary	For the tenth time in as many years, the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) has invited architectural educators and professionals to discuss their activities and interests related to computer-aided architectural design. This annual meeting has grown from a small group representing a handful of schools to a conference with international participation. For the fifth time, the papers presented at this annual conference have been collected and published in a bound volume as the conference proceedings. In organizing these meetings, ACADIA must be viewed has having firmly established itself as a valuable forum for those who are interested and active in this area. Moreover, the proceedings of these conferences have become an important record for documenting the progress of ideas and activities in this field. This organization and its annual conferences have been a critical influence on my own professional development. The first conference I attended, ACADIA '86, confirmed a nagging suspicion that courses in computer-aided design (CAD) offered at the university level should be more than vendor training. Papers and conversations at subsequent conferences have reinforced this conviction and strengthened my commitment to CAD education which does more than convey electronic drawing technology. At the same time, I have been frustrated at the apparent lack of communication between those involved in these activities in architectural education and the average professional practice. With some notable exceptions, architects are only beginning to make basic computer-aided drafting pay for itself. In many small offices, "The CAD Computer" remains more decoration and status symbol than useful tool. While it can be argued that the economics of computer-aided drafting have only recently become attractive, it must be admitted that many members of ACADIA are actively involved in the development and use of computer applications which are significantly more challenging. In the short run, most of these activities will go largely unnoticed by the community of practicing architects. This situation raises a number of questions on the value of the work produced by members of ACADIA. One can (and many do) challenge the worth of "design" research produced by academia to those in professional practice. However, it is a fundamental mistake to insist that such work be of immediate and direct relevance to the profession. In fact, some presentations at the ACADIA conferences have focused solely on the pedagogical environment (which may be of some intellectual interest) but do not even attempt to address professional design issues. Other work may serve as the basis for further activities which may result in useful applications at some future point in time. Such work is strategic in nature and should not be expected to bear fruit for many years. These are the *natural" products of a university environment and, indeed, may be what the university does best. Still, design professionals remain indifferent (if not somewhat hostile) to these endeavors. The central dilemma resides in the ongoing debate about the fundamental goals of professional education. A number of design professionals believe that architectural education should follow more of a “trade school” model where a professional degree program becomes solely a process of acquiring (and practicing) a set of skills which are directly and immediately useful upon graduation. Today these people stiR closely examine the drafting skill of any recent graduate, but they are also likely to demanding expertise on AutoCAD. It is my view that this position tends to deprecate the image of architects and depreciate the economic status of the profession. On the other hand, there is a similar minority in architectural academia who teach because they are unable or unwilling to deal with the very real complexities and challenges of professional practice. These instructors tend to focus on obscure theory and academic credentials while discounting the importance of professional development. For most who participate in this discussion, it is becoming increasingly clear that professional competency must be founded on an effective marriage of intellectual theory and practical expertise. This must lead to the conclusion that CAD research must recognize and give serious consideration to the professional agenda in a substantive manner without abandoning those activities which deal with strategic and pedagogical issues.
series	ACADIA
email
more	http://www.acadia.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	4cf3
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1989
title	Modeling Objects and Environments
source	xix, 402 p. : ill. New York: Wiley, 1989. includes a short bibliography and index. Part of the Principles of Computer Aided Design series. --- See also review by Patricia G
summary	McIntosh, in ACADIA Newsletter Vol. 9 No. 3 pp 20-23, June 1990. This book introduces the concept of modeling objects in the computer's memory so it can be used to aide the process of their design. Modeling is defined as an hierarchical abstraction of data and operators to manipulate it, subject to semantic integrity constraints that guarantee the realizability of the designed artifact in the real world. Starting with general concepts of modeling, the book moves on to discuss the modeling of shapes (form) in two and in three dimensions. The discussion covers both topology and geometry. Next the book introduces the concept of shape transformations (translation, scaling, rotation, etc.), both in absolute and in relative terms. The book then introduces the concept of assembly modeling, and adds non-graphical attributes to the representation. It concludes with a discussion on user interface and parametrization. The book includes many examples written in Pascal that complement the theory, and can be used as a basis for building a geometric modeling engine. It also includes exercises, so it can be used as a text book for a two-semester advance course in geometric modeling
keywords	CAD, data structures, solid modeling, abstraction, polygons, solids, boolean operations, transforms, computer graphics, user interface, parametrization, B-rep, polyhedra, objects, PASCAL
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	29b6
authors	Oxman, Rivka
year	1990
title	Architectural Knowledge Structures as "Design Shells": A Knowledge-Based View of Design and CAAD Education
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 187-199
summary	The concept of a knowledge based design shell is proposed as a basis for teaching design. The significance of the concept of design shell is discussed with respect to formalization, implementation, application and operation. GPRS-a generative prototype refinement design shell-is proposed, defined and elaborated. A plan type is introduced as one significant kind of structure of knowledge in architectural design is introduced. A method for representing syntactic and the semantic content to be used in design refinement is proposed. The method exploits the characteristics of both rules and frames, and integrates them in a prototype-based design system. This is demonstrated in a system called PRODS. Finally, the significance of such an approach in teaching is discussed.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	0565
authors	Oxman, Robert and Oxman, Rivka
year	1990
title	The Computability of Architectural Knowledge
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 171-185
summary	In an important contribution to the theoretical foundation of design computing, Mitchell noted "an increasingly urgent need to establish a demonstrably sound, comprehensive, rigorously formalized theoretical foundation upon which to base practical software development efforts" (Mitchell, 1986). In this paper we propose such a theoretical framework. A basic assumption of this work is that the advancement of design computing is dependent upon the emergence of a rigorous formulation of knowledge in design. We present a model of knowledge in architectural design which suggests a promising conceptual basis for dealing with knowledge in computer-aided design systems. We require models which can represent the formal knowledge and manipulative operations of the designer in all of their complexity-that is formal models rather than just geometric models. Shape Grammars (Stiny,1980) represent an example of such models, and constitute a relatively high level of design knowledge as compared to, for example, use of symmetry operations to generate simple formal configurations. Building upon an understanding of the classes of design knowledge as the conceptual basis for formal modeling systems may contribute a new realization of the potential of the medium for design. This will require a comprehensive approach to the definition of architectural and design knowledge. We consider here the implications of a well-defined body of architectural and design knowledge for design education and the potential mutual interaction-in a knowledge-rich environment-of design learning and CAAD learning. The computational factors connected with the representation of design knowledge and its integration in design systems are among the key problems of CAAD. Mitchell's model of knowledge in design incorporates formal knowledge in a comprehensive, multi-level, hierarchical structure in which types of knowledge are correlated with computational concepts. In the main focus of this paper we present a structured, multi-level model of design knowledge which we discuss with respect to current architectural theoretical considerations. Finally, we analyze the computational and educational relevance of such models.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	c0a3
authors	Harfmann, Anton C. and Chen, Stuart S.
year	1989
title	Component Based Computer Aided Learning for Students of Architecture and Civil Engineering
source	New Ideas and Directions for the 1990’s [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Gainsville (Florida - USA) 27-29 October 1989, pp. 193-208
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1989.193
summary	The paper describes the methodology and the current efforts to develop an interdisciplinary computer aided learning system for architects and civil engineers. The system being developed incorporates a component oriented relational database with an existing interactive 3-dimensional modeling system developed in the School of Architecture and Planning at SUNY Buffalo. The software will be used in existing courses in architecture and civil engineering as a teaching aid to help students understand the complex 3-dimensional interrelationships of structural components. Initial implementation has focused on the modeling of the components and assemblies for a lowrise steel frame structure. Current implementation efforts are focusing on the capability to view connections in various ways including the ability to "explode" a connection to better understand the sequence of construction and load paths. Appropriate codes, limit states of failure and specific data will be linked to each specific component in an expert system shell so that the system can offer feedback about a student generated connection and perhaps offer other possible connections a library of standard connections. Future expansion of the system will include adding other "systems" of a building, such as mechanical, electrical, plumbing, enclosure etc., to help students visualize the integration of the various parts.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	6266
authors	Carini, Alessandra
year	1991
title	REVIEW OF MOST RECENT ACTIVITIES OF THE "LABORATORIO TIPOLOGICO NAZIONALE"
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 20-22
summary	??{??'s activities did not start immediately after its opening since the following year was mainly given over to the definition of criteria and procedures for the management of the Laboratory itself by OIKOS. Actual research started in 1990 on the basis of a programme drawn up with the collaboration of the Public Housing Committee ('Comitato per I'Edilizia Residenziale").
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:24

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

_id	84e1
authors	Kovacs, Laszio Bela and Galle, Per
year	1990
title	Logic Programming for Concept Modelling and Support of Urban Housing Design : A Pilot Study
source	1990. 134 p. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	Starting from a case study of manual sketch design of a residential area, the authors develop a prototypical site plan for low to medium density housing. The layout keeps pedestrian and vehicular traffic separated and provides open green area as well as a concentrated urban atmosphere. The constituents of the prototype layout are identified and a system of concepts devised accordingly. This conceptual analysis is formalized, using a Horn clause logic notation. Aspects of the resulting logic model concerning design of walking lines and plazas are refined into a considerable amount of detail. This exercise in knowledge representation seems to indicate that it will be possible, within the logic programming paradigm, to implement computerized support systems able to cooperate with and simulate designers working with architectural design. The main result of the study is that logical analysis of a particular prototype design can result in a collection of quite general concepts which are potentially useful in many other context than that of the prototype, for other kinds of design tasks. The report concludes by recommending several lines or aspects of future research in this area
keywords	architecture, design, logic, programming, knowledge base, systems, CAD, layout, prototypes
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	caadria2022_344
id	caadria2022_344
authors	Krezlik, Adrian
year	2022
title	Considering Energy, Materials and Health Factors in Architectural Design, Two Renovation Strategies for the Portuguese Building Stock
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 619-628
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.619
summary	According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the built environment has a significant share in global final energy use, greenhouse gases emission, land-system change, and biodiversity loss to list some indicators. In Europe, the biggest challenge is to regenerate existing building stock to create a positive impact on Nature. The Portuguese housing stock is old: 56% is more than 30 years old, and it has a low level of thermal comfort and energy efficiency. The first thermal regulations appeared in 1990 and therefore most of the houses need urgent renovation to meet EU decarbonization goals, and to improve energy efficiency, as well as well-being and comfort of residents. This paper presents a method that aims to verify existing solutions known from vernacular architecture as complementary to existing strategies. It employs digital simulation to verify whether they could be used for renovation, measuring their impact on human and planetary health. The paper shows that there is a wide spectrum of parameters that influence the renovation process and that it is possible to enhance building performance using vernacular knowledge.
keywords	Building Energy Modelling, Life Cycle Assessment, Occupant Health, Energy Renovation, Vernacular Mimicry, SDG 3, SDG 11, SDG 13
series	CAADRIA
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last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	e714
authors	Lawrence, Roderick J.
year	1991
title	SIMULATIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS AT FULL-SCALE
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 53-64
summary	This paper briefly examines five interrelated themes concerning the use of full-scale simulation models in architectural projects, in the context of research and professional practice. First, the meaning of design is discussed. Second, a multi-functional interpretation of building performance is presented. Third, the main reasons for simulating design projects, in general, and for using full-scale models, in particular, are summarized. Then the antecedent or prerequisite conditions for public participation to occur effectively are discussed. Finally, an overview of the use of full-scale simulation models in European workshops enables us to table four ma n classes of functions for full-scale models.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
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more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:18

_id	a33e
authors	Linn, Gudrun
year	1991
title	BATHROOM DESIGN AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS - BRIEF REPORTS FROM TWO RESEARCH PROJECTS
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 38-39
summary	The problem behind this research project was the fact that Swedish standard bathrooms were (and most of them still are) difficult to clean, because of the building design. This has consequences not only for the inhabitants but also for the home helpers who assist old and disabled people in their own dwellings. The most difficult-to-clean spaces in a dwelling are the bathroom and the toilet-room. These spaces also are the most dirtied. In Sweden there of ten is a toilet in the bathroom. The aim of the project was to find out what or how much of physical agility a Swedish standard bathroom demands from the person who carries out the cleaning of it.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:18

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