Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	6064
authors	Kramel, Herbert and Chen, Chen-Cheng
year	1991
title	BAU: A Knowledge-Based System for the Investigation of a Basic Architectural Unit
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 329-346
summary	The control of incremental complexities within an evolutionary design process has been a serious concern in both architectural education and practice. One method of examining this problem is to first define a "basic architectural unit" and a design environment which is composed of multiple units. Different levels of detail will be added to the unit as the design process continues. Secondly, a related computer program called BAU is introduced, which demonstrates that a computer is a meaningful tool for helping the architect to investigate the consequence of a design problem. Thirdly, both the domain expert's and the knowledge engineer's experiences during the development of BAU are described. Finally, the future direction of this research will be discussed.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	a9d7
authors	Mitchell, J.W. and McCullough, M.
year	1991
title	Digital Design Media: A Handbook for Architects and Design Professionals
source	Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 421-422
summary	In Digital Design Media architects and related design professionals will find a complete conceptual guide to the multidimensional world of computer-aided design. In contrast to the many books that describe how to use particular programs (and which therefore go out of date very quickly), Digital Design Media constructs a lasting theoretical framework, which will make it easier to understand a great number of programs-existing and future-as a whole. Clear structure, numerous historical references, and hundreds of illustrations make this framework both accessible to the nontechnical professional and broadening for the experienced computer-aided designer. The book will be especially valuable to anyone who is ready to expand their work in CAD beyond production drafting systems. The new second edition adds chapters one merging technologies, such as the Internet, but the book's original content is as valid as ever. Thousands of design students and practitioners have made this book a standard.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	bd3b
id	bd3b
authors	Clayton, Mark J. and Weisenthal, Howard
year	1991
title	Enhancing the Sketchbook
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1991.113
source	Reality and Virtual Reality [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-00-4] Los Angeles (California - USA) October 1991, pp. 113-125
summary	The architect's sketchbook has been virtually untouched by the march of fashions and theories throughout history. The sketchbook, from its modem beginnings in guild lodge books through the travel journals of Beaux-Arts and Modern architects, has remained the repository for observations and ideas waiting to be synthesized into architecture. However, new opportunities offered by computing technology provide ways to advance the sketchbook, transforming it from a personal log of experiences slowly being buried under a lifetime of work, into a vital, interactive information environment supporting design activity. This is not to argue that the computer may replace the artist's hand and pencil, but that the computer can be used to organize and structure the artifacts of design activities Commonly embodied in sketches and notes.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	46ce
id	46ce
authors	Gero, J. S.
year	1991
title	Ten problems for AI in design
source	Workshop on AI in Design, IJCAI-91, un-numbered
summary	Modern design research dates back to the end of the eighteenth century when French theorists attempted to describe design as a process. The notion of process in design dates back to the Roman engineer/architect/writer Vitruvius who described both process and performance aspects of designing. Since the 1940s there has been a variety of attempts to provide formal models of design ranging from prescriptive algorithmic-like descriptions through mathematical model and systems theoretic descriptions to the current paradigm based on the precepts and notions of artificial intelligence. All of these, including the current work, is primarily concerned with treating the process aspects of design.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~john/
last changed	2006/05/27 18:38

_id	2a0e
authors	Jacobs, Stephen Paul
year	1991
title	The CAD Design Studio: 3D modeling as a fundamental design skill
source	McGraw-Hill, New York
summary	Until now, books on CAD aimed at architects have addressed the use of computer-aided design and drafting as a recording tool, a faster means of producing and storing finished working drawings-and not as an adjunctive creative tool for the design process. Without being software specific, this book will guide the professional and student architect and graphics designer in how to use the computer as an electronic modelling tool, exploring graphic and geometric forms and systems with the freedom and speed of the computer. The reader will be led through a progression of design exercises and design problems, learning how to come up with multiple solutions to a given program. Beautifully illustrated throughout, including 10 four-color CAD drawings!
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	56d5
authors	Paranandi, Murali
year	1991
title	Observations on daylighting as demonstrated by the work of Alvar Aalto
source	Kent State University
summary	Daylight plays a dominant role in the works of Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. This thesis project investigates the role played by the natural light in his architectural works. One of the major concerns of this paper is to discover his intent behind the use of daylight, as well as to identify some of the techniques he devised to handle daylight. Literature research and physical model simulation studies have been incorporated as a method for the study. Significant works of Aalto have been surveyed. It has been observed that the use of daylight has been one of the preoccupations of Aalto since the design of Viipuri Library and Paimio Sanatorium. It was also observed that skylights play a prominent role in Aalto's architecture and that they are well developed and sophisticated devices. Some of the technical components and contributing factors of Aalto's skylights have been identified. Three case-studies were conducted through literature research and simulations. It was concluded that Aalto treats daylighting as one of the elements to embody sufficient psychological factors in man's built environment. It was discovered that the selection and the detailing of the skylights in each case has been predominantly guided by the climate, function, personal relationships, and the visual task of the individual space. Physical model simulations proved to be extremely helpful in understanding the modeling of the daylight and the spatial quality.
series	thesis:MSc
email
last changed	2003/03/03 09:14

_id	58cd
authors	Schnoedt, Heinrich
year	1991
title	Cultural Parametrics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1991.223
source	Reality and Virtual Reality [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-00-4] Los Angeles (California - USA) October 1991, pp. 223-234
summary	The human desire for automation of repetitive processes offers opportunities for the employment of binary computing for these procedures. Architecture and the design of buildings is no exception. With an increase in industrial prefabrication of moderately variable building components, the focus of the practising architect shifts from the individual design process toward a selection process of parts or components with a defined parametric extent. While this concept of parameterized parts has been used by architects since the first repetitive part was available, the advent of modern CAAD systems, with a growing number of parametric components and parts already integrated, is likely to greatly amplify the impact of predefined parts on buildings. Both industry and research institutions continue to make a great effort to utilize building codes and organizational structures as the basis to develop sophisticated algorithms of rule based design. Their purpose of the parameterization of parts or concepts is twofold: to reduce the time frame of human labor on the design of pieces and concepts which are considered repetitive,. and, to install a control mechanism to eliminate mistakes which lay outside of the parametric framework. The implementation of these algorithms in architectural practice and in the educational environment suggests consequences on many levels. In the following, an attempt is made to cast some light on the history of parametrics in respect to computing and the problems associated with a predominantly numerically encoded parametric approach.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	61e0
authors	Streich, Bernd
year	1992
title	Should We Integrate Programming Knowledge into the Architect's CAAD-Education? Basic Considerations and Experiences from Kaiserslautern
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1992.399
source	CAAD Instruction: The New Teaching of an Architect? [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Barcelona (Spain) 12-14 November 1992, pp. 399-409
summary	At the ECAADE-congress 1991 in Munich, the teaching concept of computer-aided architectural design of the faculty of architecture and environmental/urban planning at the University of Kaiserslautern has been presented. On that occasion, this brought about the question whether the curriculum should include programming knowledge. In this paper, the discussion shall be taken up again with several arguments in favour of the computer programming instruction. At first, a survey of the current discussion of the subject shall be given, then there will follow some reflections on the theoretical relationship between designing and programming, and finally, examples from the teaching experience in Kaiserslautern will be presented.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	a620
authors	Asanowicz, Alexander
year	1991
title	Unde et Quo
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.t1s
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	To begin with, I would like to say a few words about the problem of alienation of modern technologies which we also inevitably faced while starting teaching CAD at our department. Quite often nowadays a technology becomes a fetish as a result of lack of clear goals in human mind. There are multiple technologies without sense of purpose which turned into pure experiments. There is always the danger of losing purposeness and drifting toward alienation. The cause of the danger lies in forgetting about original goals while mastering and developing the technology. Eventually the original idea is ignored and a great gap appears between technical factors and creativity. We had the danger of alienation in mind when preparing the CAAD curriculum. Trying to avoid the tension between technical and creative elements we agreed not to introduce CAD too soon then the fourth year of studies and continue it for two semesters. One thing was clear - we should not teach the technique of CAD but how to design using a computer as a medium. Then we specified projects. The first was called "The bathroom I dream of" and meant to be a 2D drawing. The four introductory meetings were in fact teaching foundations of DOS, then a specific design followed with the help of AutoCAD program. In the IX semester, for example, it was "A family house" (plans, facades, perspective). "I have to follow them - I am their leader" said L.J. Peter in "The Peter's Prescription". This quotation reflects exactly the situation we find ourselves in teaching CAAD at our department. It means that ever growing students interest in CAAD made us introduce changes in the curriculum. According to the popular saying, "The more one gets the more one wants", so did we and the students feel after the first semester of teaching CAD. From autumn 1991 CAAD classes will be carried from the third year of studying for two consecutive years. But before further planning one major steep had to be done - we decided to reverse the typical of the seventies approach to the problem when teaching programming languages preceded practical goals hence discouraging many learners.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	b6b3
authors	Brown, J.S. and Duguid, P.
year	1991
title	Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation
source	Organization Science, 2(1), 40-57
summary	Recent ethnographic studies of workplace practices indicate that the ways people actually work usually differ fundamentally from the ways organizations describe that work in manuals, training programs, organizational charts, and job descriptions. Organizations tend to rely on the latter in their attempts to understand and improve work practice. We relate the conclusions of one study of work practices to compatible investigations of learning and innovation to argue that conventional descriptions of jobs mask not only the ways people work, but also the learning and innovation generated in the informal communities-of-practice in which they work. By reassessing the apparently conflicting triad of work, learning, and innovation in the context of actual communities and actual practices, we suggest that the synergistic connections between these three become apparent. With a unified view of working, learning, and innovating, it should be possible to reconceive of and redesign organizations to improve all three.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	eaca
authors	Davis, L. (ed.)
year	1991
title	Handbook of genetic algorithms
source	Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
summary	This book sets out to explain what genetic algorithms are and how they can be used to solve real-world problems. The first objective is tackled by the editor, Lawrence Davis. The remainder of the book is turned over to a series of short review articles by a collection of authors, each explaining how genetic algorithms have been applied to problems in their own specific area of interest. The first part of the book introduces the fundamental genetic algorithm (GA), explains how it has traditionally been designed and implemented and shows how the basic technique may be applied to a very simple numerical optimisation problem. The basic technique is then altered and refined in a number of ways, with the effects of each change being measured by comparison against the performance of the original. In this way, the reader is provided with an uncluttered introduction to the technique and learns to appreciate why certain variants of GA have become more popular than others in the scientific community. Davis stresses that the choice of a suitable representation for the problem in hand is a key step in applying the GA, as is the selection of suitable techniques for generating new solutions from old. He is refreshingly open in admitting that much of the business of adapting the GA to specific problems owes more to art than to science. It is nice to see the terminology associated with this subject explained, with the author stressing that much of the field is still an active area of research. Few assumptions are made about the reader's mathematical background. The second part of the book contains thirteen cameo descriptions of how genetic algorithmic techniques have been, or are being, applied to a diverse range of problems. Thus, one group of authors explains how the technique has been used for modelling arms races between neighbouring countries (a non- linear, dynamical system), while another group describes its use in deciding design trade-offs for military aircraft. My own favourite is a rather charming account of how the GA was applied to a series of scheduling problems. Having attempted something of this sort with Simulated Annealing, I found it refreshing to see the authors highlighting some of the problems that they had encountered, rather than sweeping them under the carpet as is so often done in the scientific literature. The editor points out that there are standard GA tools available for either play or serious development work. Two of these (GENESIS and OOGA) are described in a short, third part of the book. As is so often the case nowadays, it is possible to obtain a diskette containing both systems by sending your Visa card details (or $60) to an address in the USA.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

_id	ga0024
id	ga0024
authors	Ferrara, Paolo and Foglia, Gabriele
year	2000
title	TEAnO or the computer assisted generation of manufactured aesthetic goods seen as a constrained flux of technological unconsciousness
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	TEAnO (Telematica, Elettronica, Analisi nell'Opificio) was born in Florence, in 1991, at the age of 8, being the direct consequence of years of attempts by a group of computer science professionals to use the digital computers technology to find a sustainable match among creation, generation (or re-creation) and recreation, the three basic keywords underlying the concept of “Littérature potentielle” deployed by Oulipo in France and Oplepo in Italy (see “La Littérature potentielle (Créations Re-créations Récréations) published in France by Gallimard in 1973). During the last decade, TEAnO has been involving in the generation of “artistic goods” in aesthetic domains such as literature, music, theatre and painting. In all those artefacts in the computer plays a twofold role: it is often a tool to generate the good (e.g. an editor to compose palindrome sonnets of to generate antonymic music) and, sometimes it is the medium that makes the fruition of the good possible (e.g. the generator of passages of definition literature). In that sense such artefacts can actually be considered as “manufactured” goods. A great part of such creation and re-creation work has been based upon a rather small number of generation constraints borrowed from Oulipo, deeply stressed by the use of the digital computer massive combinatory power: S+n, edge extraction, phonetic manipulation, re-writing of well known masterpieces, random generation of plots, etc. Regardless this apparently simple underlying generation mechanisms, the systematic use of computer based tools, as weel the analysis of the produced results, has been the way to highlight two findings which can significantly affect the practice of computer based generation of aesthetic goods: ? the deep structure of an aesthetic work persists even through the more “desctructive” manipulations, (such as the antonymic transformation of the melody and lyrics of a music work) and become evident as a sort of profound, earliest and distinctive constraint; ? the intensive flux of computer generated “raw” material seems to confirm and to bring to our attention the existence of what Walter Benjamin indicated as the different way in which the nature talk to a camera and to our eye, and Franco Vaccari called “technological unconsciousness”. Essential references R. Campagnoli, Y. Hersant, “Oulipo La letteratura potenziale (Creazioni Ri-creazioni Ricreazioni)”, 1985 R. Campagnoli “Oupiliana”, 1995 TEAnO, “Quaderno n. 2 Antologia di letteratura potenziale”, 1996 W. Benjiamin, “Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reprodizierbarkeit”, 1936 F. Vaccari, “Fotografia e inconscio tecnologico”, 1994
series	other
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	sigradi2003_026
id	sigradi2003_026
authors	Flanagan, Robert
year	2003
title	Persistence of Perception: Encoding Reality
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	"Liquid architecture makes liquid cities, cities that change at the shift of value, where visitors with different backgrounds see different landmarks, where neighborhoods vary with ideas held in common, and evolve as the ideas mature or dissolve." In 1991, Marcos Novak in 'Liquid Architectures in Cyberspace' projected a future of individual and blended realities of things perceived and perceived things - a place of "fertile dreams". In the cathedral, "The dream and making were one." In the present he concludes, "Curiously the practice of architecture has become increasingly disengaged from those dreams." This paper addresses inherent limitations in today's digital technology that restrict its ability to participate in the future design of the "fertile dream." It does not address the technology required, but the requirements of the technology.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	68c8
authors	Flemming, U., Coyne, R. and Fenves, S. (et al.)
year	1994
title	SEED: A Software Environment to Support the Early Phases in Building Design
source	Proceeding of IKM '94, Weimar, Germany, pp. 5-10
summary	The SEED project intends to develop a software environment that supports the early phases in building design (Flemming et al., 1993). The goal is to provide support, in principle, for the preliminary design of buildings in all aspects that can gain from computer support. This includes using the computer not only for analysis and evaluation, but also more actively for the generation of designs, or more accurately, for the rapid generation of design representations. A major motivation for the development of SEED is to bring the results of two multi-generational research efforts focusing on `generative' design systems closer to practice: 1. LOOS/ABLOOS, a generative system for the synthesis of layouts of rectangles (Flemming et al., 1988; Flemming, 1989; Coyne and Flemming, 1990; Coyne, 1991); 2. GENESIS, a rule-based system that supports the generation of assemblies of 3-dimensional solids (Heisserman, 1991; Heisserman and Woodbury, 1993). The rapid generation of design representations can take advantage of special opportunities when it deals with a recurring building type, that is, a building type dealt with frequently by the users of the system. Design firms - from housing manufacturers to government agencies - accumulate considerable experience with recurring building types. But current CAD systems capture this experience and support its reuse only marginally. SEED intends to provide systematic support for the storing and retrieval of past solutions and their adaptation to similar problem situations. This motivation aligns aspects of SEED closely with current work in Artificial Intelligence that focuses on case-based design (see, for example, Kolodner, 1991; Domeshek and Kolodner, 1992; Hua et al., 1992).
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	c16c
authors	Kühn, Christian and Herzog, Marcus
year	1991
title	A "Language Game"
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.o6t
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	This paper examines the role of natural language in architectural design methods. It first investigates the role of language in decomposition and synthesis of architectural design problems giving special attention to Christopher Alexander’s theories. Then the notion of ideal types in architectural design is compared with empirical typologies that regard types as groupings of objects which have certain attributes in common. It is shown that Ludwig Wittgenstein’s game theory of language may serve as a method to cope with an underlying paradoxon of this empirical approach. Finally we present an attempt to use the "language-game " approach to describe and analyze architectural types.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	afe2
authors	Neilson, I., Tweed, C. and Vergopoulos, S.
year	1991
title	Computer Literacy and Architectural Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.g6h
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	The importance of some degree of computer literacy to the practice of architecture is constantly being emphasised yet what constitutes computer literacy in the context of architectural education has yet to be defined and appropriate guidelines for the teaching of CAD established. Currently the course structure of a CAD option is simply decided by the staff involved in teaching the option. Many course designs are possible, not all of which are likely to give equal educational returns. There is thus a need for empirical evaluation of existing course structures in order that the relative merits of the various possible designs may be usefully compared. This paper reports the outcome of one such study which focussed on student evaluation of the structure of the CAD option taught at Edinburgh.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ef46
authors	Petrovic, I.
year	1991
title	Integrative Knowledge-Based Design Systems : A View
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	The paper describes a recent project whose objective was to redesign GIMSEX-PERT, an existing architectural knowledge- based design system developed in 1987. Its critical generative problems appeared to be the rigid structure and limited evaluation criteria. The project's outcome is DESTOOLS, based on the 'object-oriented-methodology' inspired by the traditional trial-and-error approach. It includes a set of interchangeable design methods that can be applied interactively by any desired sequence, producing or transforming a GIMS Building System object. Such 'moderately- loose' system structure offers flexibility in use, avoids pitfalls of knowledge-based design systems with rigid structure, and is applicable in design research, education and practice
keywords	knowledge base, design, architecture, methods, systems, education, practice, integration, evaluation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	6028
authors	Sachs, E., Roberts, A. and Stoops, D.
year	1991
title	3-draw: A tool for designing 3D shapes
source	IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, pp. 18-25
summary	A fundamentally new type of CAD system for designing shape that is intuitive, easy to use, and powerful is presented. It is based on a paradigm that can be described as designing directly in 3-D. By virtue of two hand-held sensors, designers using 3-Draw to sketch their ideas in the air feel as if they're actually holding and working on objects. Current design practice and related work are reviewed, and current work on 3-Draw is summarized. To capture the flavor of 3-Draw, construction of a sample model of a 12-m yacht is described. 3-Draw's features and data structures are discussed.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	040e
authors	Simovic, Dejan
year	1991
title	URBIS: A Tool for City-Planners
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.q8l
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	URBIS is a computer program built for AutoCAD environment (AutoLisp) which purpose is to help in urban planning's education and practice. Motives for program creation are: (1) Needs of education at the Faculty of Architecture of the Belgrade University. (2) Exploring the AutoCAD's capabilities in managing urban planning data bases. (3) Providing a tool for creation and manipulation of urban environment computer model. (4) Making a base for knowledge based system creation. (5) Computer based evaluation of the results of the competition "Future of New Belgrade". // The program consists of: (1) Module for model creation. (2) Module for model manipulation - remodeling. (3) Module for obtaining data from the model. // Some commands and procedures from these three modules are organized as ARCHIGAME module - a kind of game for architects. The computer model of New Belgrade was created using this program, and three remodelations were done on the model, as the test-examples.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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