Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	c455
authors	Sumption, Brian, Haglund, Bruce and Zabrodsky, Alexander
year	1991
title	Imagining Light: A Visualization of Daylighting Data
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 97-104
summary	The task of designing effective lighting for buildings requires both artistic and technical competence. In this way it is archetypical of the discipline of architectural design. The interaction of buildings with solar lighting is complex and ever-changing. Added complexity comes with the use of electric lights and their daylight-sensitive control systems. State-of-the-art daylight prediction tools most often provide precision data that is in obscure numerical formats hindering the communication and perception of information hidden within. We are exploring the use of scientific visualization to transform incomprehensible tables of data into images that visually oriented designers will find more accessible. By representing lighting data and their interactions with the environment visually, students and design professionals may be able to "imagine the light" in ways that will help them understand and solve complex lighting design problems.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	c65f
authors	Littlefair, P.J.
year	1991
title	Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight
source	Building Research Establishment Report
summary	This guide gives advice on site layout planning to achieve good sunlight and daylight within buildings and adjacent open spaces such as gardens. It includes methods that allow for the calculation of sunlight or daylight levels at 4 different latitudes within the UK and for different times of the year. An additional section discusses the subject of site layout and design for obtaining maximum solar energy. This guide supersedes the original Department of the Environment document Sunlight and Daylight. BRE 209 has sections for the following:- * Light from the Sky. * New development. * Existing Buildings. * Adjoining development land. * Sunlighting. * New development. * Existing Buildings. * Gardens & open spaces. * Passive solar design. * Other issues. * View. * Privacy. * Security. * Access. * Enclosure. * Microclimate. * Solar dazzle. * Appendix A. Indicators to calculate access to sunlight, skylight and solar radiation. * Appendix B. A waldram diagram to calculate vertical sky component. * Appendix C. Interior daylighting recommendations. * Appendix D. Plotting the no-sky line. * Appendix E. Rights to light. * Appendix F. Setting alternative target values for skylight access. * Appendix G. Calculation of sun on the ground. * Appendix H. Definitions.
series	report
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	56d5
authors	Paranandi, Murali
year	1991
title	Observations on daylighting as demonstrated by the work of Alvar Aalto
source	Kent State University
summary	Daylight plays a dominant role in the works of Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. This thesis project investigates the role played by the natural light in his architectural works. One of the major concerns of this paper is to discover his intent behind the use of daylight, as well as to identify some of the techniques he devised to handle daylight. Literature research and physical model simulation studies have been incorporated as a method for the study. Significant works of Aalto have been surveyed. It has been observed that the use of daylight has been one of the preoccupations of Aalto since the design of Viipuri Library and Paimio Sanatorium. It was also observed that skylights play a prominent role in Aalto's architecture and that they are well developed and sophisticated devices. Some of the technical components and contributing factors of Aalto's skylights have been identified. Three case-studies were conducted through literature research and simulations. It was concluded that Aalto treats daylighting as one of the elements to embody sufficient psychological factors in man's built environment. It was discovered that the selection and the detailing of the skylights in each case has been predominantly guided by the climate, function, personal relationships, and the visual task of the individual space. Physical model simulations proved to be extremely helpful in understanding the modeling of the daylight and the spatial quality.
series	thesis:MSc
email
last changed	2003/03/03 09:14

_id	58cd
authors	Schnoedt, Heinrich
year	1991
title	Cultural Parametrics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1991.223
source	Reality and Virtual Reality [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-00-4] Los Angeles (California - USA) October 1991, pp. 223-234
summary	The human desire for automation of repetitive processes offers opportunities for the employment of binary computing for these procedures. Architecture and the design of buildings is no exception. With an increase in industrial prefabrication of moderately variable building components, the focus of the practising architect shifts from the individual design process toward a selection process of parts or components with a defined parametric extent. While this concept of parameterized parts has been used by architects since the first repetitive part was available, the advent of modern CAAD systems, with a growing number of parametric components and parts already integrated, is likely to greatly amplify the impact of predefined parts on buildings. Both industry and research institutions continue to make a great effort to utilize building codes and organizational structures as the basis to develop sophisticated algorithms of rule based design. Their purpose of the parameterization of parts or concepts is twofold: to reduce the time frame of human labor on the design of pieces and concepts which are considered repetitive,. and, to install a control mechanism to eliminate mistakes which lay outside of the parametric framework. The implementation of these algorithms in architectural practice and in the educational environment suggests consequences on many levels. In the following, an attempt is made to cast some light on the history of parametrics in respect to computing and the problems associated with a predominantly numerically encoded parametric approach.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	c93d
authors	Zreik, Khaldoun
year	1991
title	What Could Artificial Intelligence Know about the Knowledge Involved in the Design Process?
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 395-410
summary	The nature of the knowledge involved in the design process is very specific and it is incompletely known. Its control becomes very complicated owing to the large number of dynamic parameters and functions which define the relationships between one another. So we consider two relevant facts: 1.) all knowledge involved in the design process could not have been foreseen; 2.) the help of computer technology in this domain is badly oriented. Two major questions will be posed here: a. what kind of design knowledge do designers explicitly master? b. and which parts of it can computer technology represent today? // This paper aims to build a simple panorama of the knowledge involved in the architectural design process. Actors, resources and corresponding classifications of this knowledge and also its dynamic distribution will be presented. This paper also throws light upon how important are artificial intelligence sciences and tools for the improvement of the design process computability.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	0ab2
authors	Amor, R., Hosking, J., Groves, L. and Donn, M.
year	1993
title	Design Tool Integration: Model Flexibility for the Building Profession
source	Proceedings of Building Systems Automation - Integration, University of Wisconsin-Madison
summary	The development of ICAtect, as discussed in the Building Systems Automation and Integration Symposium of 1991, provides a way of integrating simulation tools through a common building model. However, ICAtect is only a small step towards the ultimate goal of total integration and automation of the building design process. In this paper we investigate the next steps on the path toward integration. We examine how models structured to capture the physical attributes of the building, as required by simulation tools, can be used to converse with knowledge-based systems. We consider the types of mappings that occur in the often different views of a building held by these two classes of design tools. This leads us to examine the need for multiple views of a common building model. We then extend our analysis from the views required by simulation and knowledge-based systems, to those required by different segments of the building profession (e.g. architects, engineers, developers, etc.) to converse with such an integrated system. This indicates a need to provide a flexible method of accessing data in the common building model to facilitate use by different building professionals with varying specialities and levels of expertise.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	f9bd
authors	Amor, R.W.
year	1991
title	ICAtect: Integrating Design Tools for Preliminary Architectural Design
source	Wellington, New Zealand: Computer Science Department, Victoria University
summary	ICAtect is a knowledge based system that provides an interface between expert systems, simulation packages and CAD systems used for preliminary architectural design. This thesis describes its structure and development.The principal work discussed in this thesis involves the formulation of a method for representing a building. This is developed through an examination of a number of design tools used in architectural design, and the ways in which each of these describe a building.Methods of enabling data to be transferred between design tools are explored. A Common Building Model (CBM), forming the core of the ICAtect system, is developed to represent the design tools knowledge of a building. This model covers the range of knowledge required by a large set of disparate design tools used by architects at the initial design stage.Standard methods of integrating information from the tools were examined, but required augmentation to encompass the unusual constraints found in some of the design tools. The integration of the design tools and the CBM is discussed in detail, with example methods developed for each type of design tool. These example methods provide a successful way of moving information between the different representations. Some problems with mapping data between very different representations were encountered in this process, and the solutions or ideas for remedies are detailed. A model for control and use of ICAtect is developed in the thesis, and the extensions to enable a graphical user interface are discussed.The methods developed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated system of this nature, while the discussion of future work indicates the scope and potential power of ICAtect.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ca50
authors	Ayrle, Hartmut
year	1991
title	XNET2 - Methodical Design of Local Area Networks in Buildings - An Application of the A4 Intelligent Design Tool
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 443-450
summary	XNET2 is a prototype program, that helps network planners to design Ethernet-conform data-networks for sites and buildings. It is implemented as an example application of the ARMILLA4 Intelligent Design Tool under Knowledge Craft. It is based on a knowledge acquisition phase with experts from DECsite, the network-branch of DEC. The ARMILLA Design Tool is developed on the basis of Fritz Haller's ARMILLA ' a set of geometrical and operational rules for the integration of technical ductwork into a building's construction.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	019c
authors	Beyer, Horst A. and Streilein, André
year	1991
title	Data Generation for CAAD with Digital Photogrammetry
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 583-594
summary	The rapid advances in sensor technology and processing hardware make the development of a Digital Photogrammetric System for Architectural Photogrammetry possible. This system is able to acquire images with sufficient resolution for Architectural Photogrammetry. Geometric and topologic information for a CAAD-System can be derived with manual and/or semi-automated methods. This paper describes the current status of such a system which is under development at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry in cooperation with the Chair of Architecture and CAAD, both at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	ea6b
authors	Boeve, Eddy
year	1991
title	Modelling Interaction Tools in the Views Architecture IV. Design Tools
source	First Moscow International HCI'91 Workshop Proceedings 1991 p.183
summary	Views is a user-interface system in which the user interface is a layer above applications, guaranteeing consistency of the interface, and with a data-layer implementing external object representations, allowing exchange of objects between applications without loss of structure. Although Views offers an architecture to deal with user-interface aspects on a high level, in this report is shown that also low level interaction can be modelled with the architecture provided.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	227a
authors	Bourdeau, L., Dubois, A.-M. and Poyet, P.
year	1991
title	A Common Data Model for Computer Integrated Building
source	computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : some ill. includes bibliography
summary	The connection of various building performance evaluation tools in a collaborative way is an essential request to develop true CAD systems. It is a basic requirement for the future of integrated information systems for building projects, where data concerning multiple aspects of the project can be exchanged during the different design steps. This paper deals with the on-going research concerning the generation of a common data model in the framework of a European collaborative action, the COMBINE Project, which is supported by the CEC, General Directorate XII for Research Science and Development, within the JOULE programme. The first step of the research concerns the progressive construction of a conceptual model and the paper focuses on the development of this Integrated Data Model (IDM). The paper reports on the definition of the architecture of the IDM. The main issues and the methodology of the IDM development are presented. The IDM development methodology is based on successive steps dealing with the identification of the data and context which are considered by the Design Tool Prototypes (DTP) to be connected through the IDM, the conceptual integration of this knowledge, and the implementation of the model on an appropriate software environment
keywords	standards, integration, communication, building, evaluation, modeling
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	2f73
authors	Coad, P.and Yourdon, E.
year	1991
title	Object Oriented Analysis
source	2nd. edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., Yourdon Press/ Prentice Hall
summary	A step-by-step approach to: defining and communicating system requirements; understanding the application domain in which the user operates; integrating the data and process models; analyzing and specifying systems using self-contained partitioning; gaining leverage through explicit representation of commonality; applying a consistent underlying representation for analysis; and accommodating families of systems.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	cdb1
authors	Cornick, T., Noble, B. and Hallahan, C.
year	1991
title	The Limitations of Current Working Practices on the Development of Computer Integrating Modelling in Construction
source	computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. Calibre, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, september, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	For the construction Industry to improve its processes through the application computer-based systems, traditional working practices must first change to support the integrated control of design and construction. Current manual methods of practice accept the limitations of man to process a wide range of building performance and production information simultaneously. However when these limitations are removed, through the applications of computer systems, the constraints of manual methods need no longer apply. The first generation of computer applications to the Construction Industry merely modelled the divided and sequential processes of manual methods i.e. drafting, specification writing, engineering and quantity calculations, estimating, billing, material ordering data-bases and activity planning. Use of these systems raises expectations that connections within the computer between the processes modelled can actually be made and faster and more integrated information processing be achieved. 'Linking' software is then developed. The end result of this approach was that users were able to produce information faster, present it in an impressive manner but, in reality, no perceived improvement in actual building performance, production economy or efficiency was realized. A current government sponsored Teaching Company Programme with a UK design and build company is addressing the problem of how real economic benefit can be realized through improvement in, amongst other things, their existing computer applications. This work is being carried out by both considering an academic conceptual model of how 'designing for production' can be achieved in computer applications and what is immediately realizable in practice by modelling the integration of a limited number of knowledge domains to which computers are already being applied. i.e. billing from design, estimating and buying. This paper describes each area of work and how they are impacting on each other
keywords	construction, building process, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a84c
authors	De Haemer Jr., M., J. and Zyda, M. J.
year	1991
title	Simplification of objects rendered by polygonal approximations
source	Computers and Graphics, 15(2):175-184
summary	Current technology provides a means to obtain sampled data that digitally describes three-dimensional surfaces and objects. Three-dimensional digitizing cameras can be used to obtain sampled data that maps the surface of three dimensional figures and models. Data obtained from such sources enable accurate renderings of the original surface. However, the digitizing process often provides much more data than is needed to accurately recreate the surface or object. In order to use such data in real-time visual simulators, a significant reduction in the data needed to accurately render the sampled surfaces is required. The techniques presented were developed to drastically reduce the number of data points required to depict an object without sacrificing the detail and accuracy inherent in the digitizing process.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	2e03
authors	Diederiks, H.J. and van Staveren, R.J.
year	1991
title	Dynamic Information System for Modelling of Design Processes
source	Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. september, 1991
summary	Unnumbered : ill. DINAMO is a Dynamic Information System for Modelling of Design Processes. It is intended for use along with product models, data management systems and existing applications. In DINAMO a programming user can define processes. These processes are represented by graphs. The graphs are characterized by nodes and relations between nodes. Each node in a graph represents a task, and each relation can be restricted to conditions. So the way in which a process is actually being performed, that is, the actual path to be evaluated through the graph, can depend on certain conditions. Processes and functions (=software modules) are available to the user as tasks. A consuming user can activate tasks; the DINAMO system regulates the dispatch of the tasks, conform the process and function definitions. Tasks are collected on sheets; sheets are collected in a task box. A task box can be regarded as a certain environment, determined by the programming user. A consuming user can choose between the environments which are available at that moment. With the DINAMO system software and process definitions can be re-used in a simple way
keywords	design process, modeling, graphs, information, relations, software
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a607
authors	Durisch, Peter and Anderheggen, Edoardo
year	1991
title	Leaving the Planar Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 521-534
summary	A computer program is presented which generates realistic images of planned buildings embedded in their future environment through photomontage. The planar universe of conventional photomontaging is extended to three dimensions. During an interactive preprocessing step, a three- dimensional model of the building's environment is created: Geometrical data is retrieved photogrammetrically from a number of site photographs. Atmospheric parameters and the relative weights of the components of natural daylight are also retrieved from the photographs. The final image, combining the artificial model of the building and the photographs of its surroundings, is rendered by an extended ray-tracing algorithm in three-dimensional object space.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	e4b3
authors	Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	Use of Data Modeling in the Conceptual Structuring of Design Problems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 225-244
summary	An approach is presented for defining the information needed or used in a design task, based on data modeling techniques. Called EDM, it allows representation of the information complexity imposed both from the performances or technologies involved as well as imposed criteria, such as aesthetic intentions. Here, EDM is applied to the design of chairs, a design domain with highly diverse technologies and information structures. The relation is shown between the information considered and the class of designs possible. Also shown is the complexity of different design structures and the implication of information structures for conventional and creative design.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	467d
authors	Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	A Data Model Analysis of Modularity and Extensibility in Building Databases
source	February, 1991. Report No. 16: This paper uses data modeling techniques to define how database schemas for an intelligent integrated architectural CAD system can be made extensible. It reviews the product data modeling language EDM, then applies it to define a part of an architectural data model. Extensions are then investigated, regarding how users could integrate various design-specific packages into a uniquely configured system
summary	Both extension by substituting one technology for another and by adding a new evaluation application, are considered. Data modeling allows specification of a CAD database and identification of the kind of modularization that will work and what problems may arise
keywords	database, building, modeling, CAD, integration, systems, architecture, design
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	c967
authors	Fantacone, Enrico
year	1994
title	Exporting CAD Teaching into Developing Countries
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.t3s
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 222
summary	In 1986 the Faculty of Architecture was established in Maputo. It is financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and managed by a Scientific Council of the Faculty of Architecture of "Università La Sapienza" of Rome. The need to create human technical resources beeing able to work profesionally as soon as they finish their studies, made the teaching basis for lab exercises and design. The new architects (the first six students graduated in 1991), need to design and make very important decisions without any control by more experienced local technical institutions. The creation of a CAAD laboratory, and the teaching of information technologies and metodologies in architectural designing aimes to achieve a double goal: (-) to make the new architects able to manage on their own, because of the lack of qualified human resources, large quantity of data, and difficult design problems; (-) to make University, the most important scientific center in the country, an information exchange center between developped countries, and Moçambique.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0457
authors	Fereshetian, Nirva and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	A Comparison of Information Models for Product Design
source	Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. Calibre, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, September, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	This paper develops the data modeling requirements for modeling products, as required for the development of integrated databases in architecture and construction. These requirements are then applied to four data models: Entity- Relationship Model, NIAM, IDEF1x and EDM
keywords	building, modeling, integration, systems, database, construction
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

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