Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0457
authors	Fereshetian, Nirva and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	A Comparison of Information Models for Product Design
source	Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. Calibre, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, September, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	This paper develops the data modeling requirements for modeling products, as required for the development of integrated databases in architecture and construction. These requirements are then applied to four data models: Entity- Relationship Model, NIAM, IDEF1x and EDM
keywords	building, modeling, integration, systems, database, construction
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	29d4
authors	Kohler, Niklaus
year	1991
title	Modelisation of a Building During its Life Cycle
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. september, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	The appreciation of the performance and the costs of a building should be carried out over the entire life of the building. The usual life cycle cost approach has to be extended to the external costs. Different models of the building-energy-environment system are proposed. The building description is based on a basic physical process model which is linked to the construction operations and cost elements used by quantity surveyors. The necessities for new data structures allowing different views of the data are discussed
keywords	building, life cycle, product modeling, cost, evaluation
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	4196
authors	Pols, Albert A.J.
year	1991
title	Conceptual Modelling of Building Assemblies : Bridging the Gap Between Building Data and Design Integrity
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Improved models and methods for building representation are needed for more effective support of design integrity checking and control. A 'generic' object-oriented approach to product modelling allows multiple design representations to be described as different views of a common, gradually evolving building product model. The product model provides the capability to generate, in successive design iterations, a coherent description of the form, structure and dimensions of the building and its assemblies and components. Associated technological and administrative data can be included in or associated with the product description
keywords	product modeling, building, database, semantics, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	4133
authors	Van Nederveenm, G.A. and Tolman, F.P.
year	1991
title	Modelling Multiple Views on Buildings
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary	The building practice is characterized by its loose organization of the different participants, each of whom performs a specific role in a building project and has a specific view on the building project data. When modelling building information it is useful to base the structure of a building model on these views. This can be done by the use of aspect models. This paper presents an approach in which aspect models are used to store view-specific information. The approach is illustrated with an outline of a building reference model. The building reference model consists of a general kernel and view-dependent aspect models. This model is first worked out for one decomposition level, the space unit level. After that the model is extended with other decomposition levels
keywords	product modeling, building, database, integration, construction, practice, management
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	aefc
authors	Van Zutphen, R., De Vries, M. and Wagter, Harry
year	1991
title	The Development of an Architects Oriented Product Model
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991
summary	Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography. In this paper various aspects of the development and introduction of product-models in the building industry are discussed. Management and design information are discussed more in depth
keywords	product modeling, architecture, building, database, management, information
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8f20
authors	Hannus, Matti, Jarvinen, Heikki and Astrom, Gunnar
year	1991
title	Exchange of Product Data of Prefabricated Concrete Structures
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill
summary	As part of efforts to adopt manufacturing automation in a scattered organizational structure the Finnish precast concrete industry has initiated the development of a number of solutions for data exchange. Guidelines concerning various aspects of using computers in the design/manufacturing process were defined in a manual which was widely distributed to involved parties. Standardized neutral file formats for data exchange between dissimilar computer systems were developed for three kinds of data: 1) drawings, 2) tables (e.g. bills of materials) and 3) product model-based data. Translator programs were developed for a number of common CAD-systems as well as a set of software tools to the users of standardized exchange files and software developers. The result of these developments have been widely adopted by fabricators, designers and software developers
keywords	CAD, communication, product modeling, standards
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ad7b
authors	Hannus, Matti
year	1991
title	Implementation of Object Oriented Product Model Applications
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The paper describes implementation aspects of object oriented applications using different software tools such as a CAD- system, a relational data base management system and an object oriented programming language. The different implementations are based on a common generic product model and are integrated by means of neutral file transfer. The modules make up a toolbox from which various specific applications can be derived by adding application specific subclasses. The described development aims to provide steps along an evolutionary path from the dominating design tools of today towards the envisioned object oriented systems of tomorrow
keywords	integration, OOPS, CAD, product modeling
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	0ab2
authors	Amor, R., Hosking, J., Groves, L. and Donn, M.
year	1993
title	Design Tool Integration: Model Flexibility for the Building Profession
source	Proceedings of Building Systems Automation - Integration, University of Wisconsin-Madison
summary	The development of ICAtect, as discussed in the Building Systems Automation and Integration Symposium of 1991, provides a way of integrating simulation tools through a common building model. However, ICAtect is only a small step towards the ultimate goal of total integration and automation of the building design process. In this paper we investigate the next steps on the path toward integration. We examine how models structured to capture the physical attributes of the building, as required by simulation tools, can be used to converse with knowledge-based systems. We consider the types of mappings that occur in the often different views of a building held by these two classes of design tools. This leads us to examine the need for multiple views of a common building model. We then extend our analysis from the views required by simulation and knowledge-based systems, to those required by different segments of the building profession (e.g. architects, engineers, developers, etc.) to converse with such an integrated system. This indicates a need to provide a flexible method of accessing data in the common building model to facilitate use by different building professionals with varying specialities and levels of expertise.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	6319
authors	De Waard, M.
year	1991
title	Computer Aided Conformance Checking
source	Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991
summary	Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography. In the building process a number of problems exist with regard to building regulations, causing the conformance checking process to be an island in the building process. This paper discusses an approach that enables us to perform computer aided conformance checking and to integrate the conformance checking process in the building process. The approach is based on the use of product models. This paper discusses theoretical as well as implementation aspects
keywords	CAD, performance, building, construction, codes, evaluation, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	0faa
authors	Duelund Mortensen, Peder
year	1991
title	THE FULL-SCALE MODEL WORKSHOP
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 10-11
summary	The workshop is an institution, available for use by the public and established at the Laboratory of Housing in the Art Academy's school of Architecture for a 3 year trial period beginning April 1985. This resumé contains brief descriptions of a variety of representative model projects and an overview of all projects carried out so far, including the pilot projects from 1983 and planned projects to and including January 1987. The Full Scale Model Workshop builds full size models of buildings, rooms and parts of buildings. The purpose of the Full Scale Model Workshop is to promote communication among building's users. The workshop is a tool in an attempt to build bridges between theory and practice in research, experimentation and communication of research results. New ideas and experiments of various sorts can be tried out cheaply, quickly and efficiently through the building of full scale models. Changes can be done on the spot as a planned part of the project and on the basis of ideas and experiments achieved through the model work itself. Buildings and their space can thus be communicated directly to all involved persons, regardless of technical background or training in evaluation of building projects.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:23

_id	467d
authors	Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	A Data Model Analysis of Modularity and Extensibility in Building Databases
source	February, 1991. Report No. 16: This paper uses data modeling techniques to define how database schemas for an intelligent integrated architectural CAD system can be made extensible. It reviews the product data modeling language EDM, then applies it to define a part of an architectural data model. Extensions are then investigated, regarding how users could integrate various design-specific packages into a uniquely configured system
summary	Both extension by substituting one technology for another and by adding a new evaluation application, are considered. Data modeling allows specification of a CAD database and identification of the kind of modularization that will work and what problems may arise
keywords	database, building, modeling, CAD, integration, systems, architecture, design
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	39e0
id	39e0
authors	Jablonski, Allen D.
year	1991
title	Integrated Component-based Computer Design Modeling System: The Implications of Control Parameters on the Design Process
source	New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ Graduate Thesis - Master's Program College of Architecture
summary	The design process is dependent on a clear order of integrating and managing all of the control parameters that impact on a building's design. All component elements of a building must be defined by their: Physical and functional relations; Quantitative and calculable properties; Component and/or system functions. This requires a means of representation to depict a model of a building that can be viewed and interpreted by a variety of interested parties. These parties need different types of representation to address their individual control parameters, as each component instance has specific implications on all of the control parameters. Representations are prepared for periodic design review either manually through hand-drawn graphics and handcrafted models; or with the aid of computer aided design programs. Computer programs can profoundly increase the speed and accuracy of the process', as well as provide a level of integration, graphic representation and simulation, untenable through a manual process. By maintaining a single control model in an Integrated Component-based Computer Design Modeling System (ICCDMS), interested parties could access the design model at any point during the process. Each party could either: 1. Analyze individual components, or constraints of the model, for interferences against parameters within that party's control; or 2. Explore design alternatives to modify the model, and verify the integration of the components or functions, within the design model, as allowable in relation to other control parameters.
keywords	Architectural Design; Data Processing
series	thesis:MSc
type	extended abstract
email
more	http://www.library.njit.edu/etd/1990s/1990/njit-etd1990-005/njit-etd1990-005.html
last changed	2006/09/25 09:04

_id	403a
authors	Karstila, K., Björk, B.C. and Hannus, M.
year	1991
title	A Conceptual Framework for Design and Construction Information
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. september, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper tries to sketch out a conceptual framework model for design and construction information. This conceptual model is formed by extending the Finnish RATAS building product data model to include also construction activities, resources, costs, organizations, contracts, etc. and relationships between them. The overall conceptual framework model can be used to extract conceptual submodels related to the information needs of particular participants of the construction process. As an example of different views to design and construction information the views of design, cost estimating and production planning discussed in the paper. The framework model can also be used to define the position of traditional classification systems and general databases in the construction information process
keywords	construction, product modeling, building, information, design process
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	e714
authors	Lawrence, Roderick J.
year	1991
title	SIMULATIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS AT FULL-SCALE
source	Proceedings of the 3rd European Full-Scale Modelling Conference / ISBN 91-7740044-5 / Lund (Sweden) 13-16 September 1990, pp. 53-64
summary	This paper briefly examines five interrelated themes concerning the use of full-scale simulation models in architectural projects, in the context of research and professional practice. First, the meaning of design is discussed. Second, a multi-functional interpretation of building performance is presented. Third, the main reasons for simulating design projects, in general, and for using full-scale models, in particular, are summarized. Then the antecedent or prerequisite conditions for public participation to occur effectively are discussed. Finally, an overview of the use of full-scale simulation models in European workshops enables us to table four ma n classes of functions for full-scale models.
keywords	Full-scale Modeling, Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed	2004/05/04 15:18

_id	2619
authors	Otero, E.
year	1996
title	EVALUATION OF THE OSLD HOUSING SYSTEM
source	Full-Scale Modeling in the Age of Virtual Reality [6th EFA-Conference Proceedings]
summary	In the production of low-income housing, one of the factors that most affects the low cost of each unit is its mass production. When it comes to building a proposed design it must have been sufficiently studied and evaluated. When designing low-income housing it is convenient to exhaust all the possibilities of simulation in order to produce a prototype that, once built, has reduced the risk of errors. Simulations allow to improve the prototype before proceeding to build it. The Real Scale Model (RSM) has proved to be a better simulation tool than computer generated models or 1:10 scale models. It allows to reproduce and evaluate perceptual experiences as well as being user friendly because most of the spatial variables can be represented. This research is another example of the use and effectiveness of the RSM in the field of design and architectural research. A Real Scale Model of the basic unit was built by the students of the course Spatial Design Ability dictated by the LEE. The model was first evaluated empty and then a furnishing solution was proposed, built and evaluated. These evaluations were done by another group of students of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning using the Psychological Impressions Measuring Test (IMIP) developed by Luis La Scalea (1991). This test was designed to measure people’s psychological impressions produced by a space, and consists of a semantic differential structured by eleven pairs of opposing adjectives set on a scale of seven levels. The results of this first evaluation were analysed used to modify the prototype which was evaluated again in order to produce a final layout.
keywords	Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	other
type	normal paper
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa/
last changed	2004/05/04 14:41

_id	ecaade2023_281
id	ecaade2023_281
authors	Prokop, Šimon, Kubalík, Jiøí and Kurilla, Lukáš
year	2023
title	Neural Networks for Estimating Wind Pressure on Complex Double-Curved Facades
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.639
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 639–647
summary	Due to their complex geometry, it is challenging to assess wind effects on the freeform, double-curved building facades. The traditional building code EN 1991-1-4 (730035) only accounts for basic shapes such as cubes, spheres, and cylinders. Moreover, even though wind tunnel measurements are considered to be more precise than other methods, they are still limited by the number of measurement points that can be taken. This limitation, combined with the time and resources required for the analysis, can limit the ability to fully capture detailed wind effects on the whole complex freeform shape of the building. In this study, we propose the use of neural network models trained to predict wind pressure on complex double-curved facades. The neural network is a powerful data-driven machine learning technique that can, in theory, learn an approximation of any function from data, making it well-suited for this application. Our approach was empirically evaluated using a set of 31 points measured in the wind tunnel on a 3D printed model in 1:300 scale of the real architectural design of a concert hall in Ostrava. The results of this evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of our neural network method in estimating wind pressures on complex freeform facades.
keywords	wind pressure, double-curved façade, neural network
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	2005_391
id	2005_391
authors	Suneson, Kaj, Wernemyr, Claes, Westerdahl, Börje and Allwood, Carl Martin
year	2005
title	The Effect of Stereovision on the Experience of VR Models of the External Surroundings and the Interior of a Building
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.391
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 391-398
summary	Virtual reality offers considerable promise with regard to facilitating the building process. A good example is the facilitation of communication between architects and building companies, sellers and buyers or between community planners and the general public. It is often thought that in order to utilise the potential of VR in, for example, the above-mentioned contexts, it is necessary to use fully fledged versions of VR, including stereovision and the possibility of controlling the VR show. However, if a model can also be presented on less advanced equipment and still interpreted in a way that is useful to the viewer it will be possible to distribute the model simply and effectively. This would make it easier to create a more democratic urban planning process compared with if specialised equipment needed to be used and special shows needed to be arranged. In this study we compared the experience of two VR models (a large indoor exhibition hall and an outdoor street in Gothenburg, Sweden) when presented with and without stereovision. When the experience was measured using the Semantic Environmental Scale (the SMB scale, developed by Küller, 1975, 1991), questions on the experience of presence and six other questions on the experience of the models, the results only revealed one indication that stereovision made a difference. This indication was the result for the SMB factor Enclosedness. Suggestions are presented for future research in this area.
keywords	Design Process; Virtual Environments; Human-Computer Interaction; 3D City Modelling; Environmental Simulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	e924
authors	Willems, P.H., Kuiper, P. and Luiten, G.T. (et al)
year	1991
title	A Framework for Evolutionary Information Model Development
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered :ill. includes bibliography
summary	Large scale information modelling projects, like the development of ISO/STEP, require a modelling approach that does not develop a new model from scratch, but rather base it on a more generic model which, in turn, is based on an even more abstract model, etc. The resulting structure shows a layered framework. On top of which can be found the most generic concepts and downward the more specific concepts with increased semantics. The benefits of such a model development approach are improvements in: version management, object orientated modelling, concurrent model development, controlled change, standardized interfaces, conformance testing etc. This paper describes an environment which supports the development of a new model out of one or more generic parent models. The generation process consists of two steps. In the first step entities of the parent models can be instanciated while constraining the inherited behavior and introducing new behavior. In fact this process is identical with instanciating run time objects from class templates in the object oriented paradigm. However, in the authors' development environment an important (inherited) property of each entity is self-reproduction. In the second step, therefore, each instance is forced to represent its run time state into some kind of information modelling language specification. Appropriate measures are taken to guarantee that the resulting model will conform the behavior of its parent model(s). The paper demonstrates this approach in a multi-layered example currently being implemented and explores several implementation issues
keywords	product modeling, standards, integration, abstraction, OOPS
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	f9bd
authors	Amor, R.W.
year	1991
title	ICAtect: Integrating Design Tools for Preliminary Architectural Design
source	Wellington, New Zealand: Computer Science Department, Victoria University
summary	ICAtect is a knowledge based system that provides an interface between expert systems, simulation packages and CAD systems used for preliminary architectural design. This thesis describes its structure and development.The principal work discussed in this thesis involves the formulation of a method for representing a building. This is developed through an examination of a number of design tools used in architectural design, and the ways in which each of these describe a building.Methods of enabling data to be transferred between design tools are explored. A Common Building Model (CBM), forming the core of the ICAtect system, is developed to represent the design tools knowledge of a building. This model covers the range of knowledge required by a large set of disparate design tools used by architects at the initial design stage.Standard methods of integrating information from the tools were examined, but required augmentation to encompass the unusual constraints found in some of the design tools. The integration of the design tools and the CBM is discussed in detail, with example methods developed for each type of design tool. These example methods provide a successful way of moving information between the different representations. Some problems with mapping data between very different representations were encountered in this process, and the solutions or ideas for remedies are detailed. A model for control and use of ICAtect is developed in the thesis, and the extensions to enable a graphical user interface are discussed.The methods developed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated system of this nature, while the discussion of future work indicates the scope and potential power of ICAtect.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

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