Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	8658
authors	Matas, Bellot
year	1991
title	BECOC : A Knowledge Bank and its Use in Construction and CAD Systems
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. include some bibliographical references
summary	The Development of the BECOC prototype (Structured Knowledge Bank for Construction Elements) was undertaken in order to test the integration of Data and Knowledge using the SITEC model (Construction Technology Information System). After the graphical definition of a building exterior, the assignment of the construction solutions is dynamically controlled using the Knowledge Bank for real time decision making. To represent the knowledge that acts on the data the knowledge bank consists of an Object Oriented Data Base and a Rule System, developed using the NEXPERT/OBJECT package. In this manner it is possible to establish relationships among properties, concepts, restrictions in values, structural relations and the control of standards compliance, which in this case has been limited to thermal, acoustic and weight requirements. The system helps the user to make decisions and it analyzes the context in order to make the deductions needed to maintain internal data consistency. The positive results of this work indicate the way for further developments, and demonstrate that expert systems and traditional technologies coupled together can be effective and give the desired answers in monitoring design in the everyday problems in construction technology
keywords	construction, expert systems, knowledge base, design, building, envelope, applications, integration, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	2f73
authors	Coad, P.and Yourdon, E.
year	1991
title	Object Oriented Analysis
source	2nd. edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., Yourdon Press/ Prentice Hall
summary	A step-by-step approach to: defining and communicating system requirements; understanding the application domain in which the user operates; integrating the data and process models; analyzing and specifying systems using self-contained partitioning; gaining leverage through explicit representation of commonality; applying a consistent underlying representation for analysis; and accommodating families of systems.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	4196
authors	Pols, Albert A.J.
year	1991
title	Conceptual Modelling of Building Assemblies : Bridging the Gap Between Building Data and Design Integrity
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	Improved models and methods for building representation are needed for more effective support of design integrity checking and control. A 'generic' object-oriented approach to product modelling allows multiple design representations to be described as different views of a common, gradually evolving building product model. The product model provides the capability to generate, in successive design iterations, a coherent description of the form, structure and dimensions of the building and its assemblies and components. Associated technological and administrative data can be included in or associated with the product description
keywords	product modeling, building, database, semantics, integration
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	ddss9483
id	ddss9483
authors	Shyi, Gary C.-W. and Huang, Tina S.-T.
year	1994
title	Constructing Three-Dimensional Mental Models from Two-Dimensional Displays
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	In the present study we adopted the tasks and the experimental procedures used in a recent series of study by Cooper (1990, 1991) for the purpose of examining how we utilized two-dimensional information in a line-drawing of visual objects to construct the corresponding three-dimensional mental structure represented by the 2-D displays. We expected that the stimulus materials we used avoided some of the problems that Cooper's stimuli had, and with that we examined the effect of complexity on the process of constructing 3-D models from 2-D displays. Such a manipulation helps to elucidate the difficulties of solving problems that require spatial abilities. We also investigated whether or not providing information representing an object viewed from different standpoints would affect the construction of the object's 3-D model. Some researchers have argued that 3-D models, once constructed, should be viewer-independent or viewpoint-invariant, while others have suggested that 3-D models are affected by the viewpoint of observation. Data pertinent to this issue are presented and discussed.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	0457
authors	Fereshetian, Nirva and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1991
title	A Comparison of Information Models for Product Design
source	Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. Calibre, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, September, 1991. Unnumbered. includes bibliography
summary	This paper develops the data modeling requirements for modeling products, as required for the development of integrated databases in architecture and construction. These requirements are then applied to four data models: Entity- Relationship Model, NIAM, IDEF1x and EDM
keywords	building, modeling, integration, systems, database, construction
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:15

_id	869d
authors	Howard, Rob
year	1991
title	Building IT 2000 -- A Hypertext Database of Predictions on the Use of Information Technology in Building
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill.
summary	Hypertext is a medium particularly suitable for providing easy access to diverse information and maintaining it. It was used for a database of papers on the future of many aspects of information technology and their likely use by the year 2000. The recommendations include the development of project databases to integrate the use of computers by all parties to a building project, and the establishment of a building IT forum in the UK. CICA acted as research coordinator for the project and already carries out many of the functions of the building IT forum which will also need to include other organizations in the UK and in other countries. The data in Building IT 2000 will be maintained on hypertext and will take advantage of future developments in hypermedia. These new techniques, with the ability to provide selective access to, and payment for, digital data could help solve the problems of managing building project data. Building IT 2000 will be demonstrated at this conference to show its flexibility. It is available as a printed report or on disk for Macintosh or PC Windows 3.0 computers
keywords	hypertext, database, construction, building process, information, hypermedia
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	403a
authors	Karstila, K., Björk, B.C. and Hannus, M.
year	1991
title	A Conceptual Framework for Design and Construction Information
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. september, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper tries to sketch out a conceptual framework model for design and construction information. This conceptual model is formed by extending the Finnish RATAS building product data model to include also construction activities, resources, costs, organizations, contracts, etc. and relationships between them. The overall conceptual framework model can be used to extract conceptual submodels related to the information needs of particular participants of the construction process. As an example of different views to design and construction information the views of design, cost estimating and production planning discussed in the paper. The framework model can also be used to define the position of traditional classification systems and general databases in the construction information process
keywords	construction, product modeling, building, information, design process
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	9964
authors	Augenbroe, G. and Winkelmann, F.
year	1991
title	Integration of Simulation into the Building Design Process
source	J.A. Clarke, J.W. Mitchell, and R.C. Van de Perre (eds.), Proceedings, Building Simulation '91 IBPSA Conference, pp. 367-374
summary	We describe the need for a joint effort between design researchers and simulation tool developers in formulating procedures and standards for integrating simulation into the building design process. We review and discuss current efforts in the US and Europe in the development of next-generation simulation tools and design integration techniques. In particular, we describe initiatives in object-oriented simulation environments (including the US Energy 'Kernel System, the Swedish Ida system, the UK Energy Kernel System, and the French ZOOM program.) and consider the relationship of these environments to recent R&D initiatives in design integration (the COMBINE project in Europe and the AEDOT project in the US).
series	other
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	673a
authors	Fukuda, T., Nagahama, R. and Sasada, T.
year	1997
title	Networked Interactive 3-D design System for Collaboration
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.429
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 429-437
summary	The concept of ODE (Open Design Environment) and corresponding system were presented in 1991. Then the new concept of NODE. which is networked version of ODE. was generated to make wide area collaboration in 1994. The aim of our research is to facilitate the collaboration among the various people involved in the design process of an urban or architectural project. This includes various designers and engineers, the client and the citizens who may be affected by such a project. With the new technologies of hyper medium, network, and component architecture, we have developed NODE system and applied in practical use of the collaboration among the various people. This study emphasizes the interactive 3-D design tool of NODE which is able to make realistic and realtime presentation with interactive interface. In recent years, ProjectFolder of NODE system, which is a case including documents, plans, and tools to proceed project., is created in the World Wide Web (WWW) and makes hyper links between a 3-D object and a text, an image. and other digital data.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	c886
authors	Graham, Ian
year	1991
title	Object oriented methods
source	Addison Wesley
summary	This is another book aimed at helping those making decisions to arrive at better informed ones. This is a second (and substantially updated)edition of a book that was deservedly well reviewed when it was originally published. Those who have to give advice on the choice of any aspect of OO technology from design to programming and testing will know that they are faced with attempting to make decisions based on ill-informed and often biased sources of information. Ian Graham attempts to survey the whole field, laying out your choices for you rather than making them for you. In each aspect of the subject the result of reading Object-Oriented Methods will be to allow you to reach decisions based on an understanding of the problems and the current range of tools aimed at helping you solve them. If you have a serious decision to make this would be a good place to start before proceeding to a more detailed investigation of what seem the potentially best choices for you and your needs. The other group of people who will benefit from reading this book are those that want or need a general overview of the OO arena. This is a good text that should be read by students of Computing, those who recognise that good advice is based on a comprehensive knowledge of the field and those who have to make a practical commercial decision about which OO route to take.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ad7b
authors	Hannus, Matti
year	1991
title	Implementation of Object Oriented Product Model Applications
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The paper describes implementation aspects of object oriented applications using different software tools such as a CAD- system, a relational data base management system and an object oriented programming language. The different implementations are based on a common generic product model and are integrated by means of neutral file transfer. The modules make up a toolbox from which various specific applications can be derived by adding application specific subclasses. The described development aims to provide steps along an evolutionary path from the dominating design tools of today towards the envisioned object oriented systems of tomorrow
keywords	integration, OOPS, CAD, product modeling
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:08

_id	ead3
authors	Meinecke, Christoph and Scherer, Raimar J.
year	1991
title	Architecture of a Knowledge- Based -System for the Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Columns
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 451-464
summary	This paper presents the hypothesis part of an expert-system for detailing reinforced concrete structures. The structural members on which the work is focused are columns. To generate a hypothesis - that means to configurate the reinforcement for a given structural member with an almost fixed geometry - needs different kinds of information, i.e. knowledge and a strategy to apply this knowledge. Therefore a hybrid system is chosen which combines object oriented organization to represent the fixed knowledge and a rule base to model the strategy and the dynamic knowledge.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	29c2
authors	Ozel, Filiz
year	1991
title	An Intelligent Simulation Approach in Simulating Dynamic Processes in Architectural Environments
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 177-190
summary	The implications of object-oriented data models and rule-based reasoning systems is being researched in a wide variety of application areas ranging from VLSI circuit design (Afsannanesh et al 1990) to architectural environments (Coyne et al 1990). The potential of this approach in the development of discrete event simulations is also being scrutinized (Birtwistle et al 1986). Such computer models are usually called "expert simulations" or "intelligent simulations". Typically rule-basing in such models allows the definition of intelligent-objects that can reason about the simulated dynamic processes through an inferencing system. The major advantage of this approach over traditional simulation languages is its ability to provide direct reference to real world objects and processes. The simulation of dynamic processes in architectural environments poses an additional Problem of resolving the interaction of architectural objects with other objects such as humans, water, smoke etc., depending on the process simulated. Object-oriented approach promises potential in solving this specific problem. The first part of this paper addresses expert simulation approach within the context of architectural settings, then the second part summarizes work done in the application of such an approach to an emergency egress simulation.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	870b
authors	Sivaloganathan, Sangarappillai
year	1991
title	Sketching input for computer aided engineering
source	City University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics
summary	The design process often begins with a graphical description of the proposed device or system and sketching is the physical expression of the design engineer's thinking process. Computer Aided Design is a technique in which man and machine are blended into a problem solving team, intimately coupling the best characteristics of each. Solid modelling is developed to act as the common medium between man and the computer. At present it is achieved mainly by designing with volumes and hence does not leave much room for sketching input, the traditional physical expression of the thinking process of the design engineer. This thesis describes a method of accepting isometric free hand sketching as the input to a solid model. The design engineer is allowed to make a sketch on top of a digitizer indicating (i) visible lines; (ii) hidden lines; (iii) construction lines; (iv) centre lines; (v) erased lines; and (vi) redundant lines as the input. The computer then processes this sketch by identifying the line segments, fitting the best possible lines, removing the erased lines, ignoring the redundant lines and finally merging the hidden lines and visible lines to form the lines in the solid in an interactive manner. The program then uses these lines and the information about the three dimensional origin of the object and produces three dimensional information such as the faces, loops, holes, rings, edges and vertices which are sufficient to build a solid model. This is achieved in the following manner. The points in the sketch are first written into a file. The computer than reads this file, breaks the group of points into sub-groups belonging to individual line segments, fits the best lines and identify the vertices in two dimensions. These improved lines in two dimensions are then merged to form the lines and vertices in the solid. These lines are then used together with the three dimensional origin (or any other point) to produce the wireframe model in three dimensions. The loops in the wireframe models are then identified and surface equations are fitted to these loops. Finally all the necessary inputs to build a B-rep solid model are produced.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	87bb
authors	Turk, Ziga
year	1991
title	Integration of Existing Programs Using Frames
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar September, 1991. Unnumbered : ill. includes bibliography.
summary	A prototype for computer integrated design/analysis environment is being developed. Due to the nature and size of the author's institution, he opted for compatibility with existing and third party products as well for future developments. Frames are used in Minsky's sense to insulate knowledge and semantics of the tools being integrated. Frames are used again in a more traditional sense insulating components physically. Standards like STEP or AIS were not applied explicitly, but principles behind those standards are reflected in the solution. In the paper an architecture of shallow integration of the tools for integrated structural design is explained in greater detail. Some of the solutions are suggested from the blending of the Object Oriented approach and AI techniques
keywords	integration, systems, frames, building, OOPS, AI
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	75e0
authors	Turoff, M.
year	1991
title	Computer-mediated communication requirements for group support
source	Journal of Organisational Computing 1, pp. 85-113
summary	This paper talks about the requirements of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for group support. An overview of CMC's historical evolution is presented. Advantages of CMC include opportunity for group to exhibit "collective intelligence", asynchronous support of communication process, self-tailoring of communication structures by users and groups, and the integration into the communication system of other computer resources and information systems. The main advantage of using CMC is in the very fundamental nature of the communication medium. The asynchronous approaches to group problem solving free individuals to deal with problems in those cognitive processes at which they excel. Seven asynchronous group process factors are also presented. A CMC metaphor is also presented. The metaphor components discussed are conferences, messages, activities and notifications. A conference can be tailored according to activities. An activity can be attached to any communication item. When triggered, it will execute a program or procedure in the local or remote host. Notification functions include alerting, closure and tracking. The concepts of roles, privileges, and tickets are also discussed. Finally, the components of two CMC systems are presented. These components include an object-oriented database, distributed user and group agents, a master virtual machine, and a SGML interface specification language.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	e924
authors	Willems, P.H., Kuiper, P. and Luiten, G.T. (et al)
year	1991
title	A Framework for Evolutionary Information Model Development
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered :ill. includes bibliography
summary	Large scale information modelling projects, like the development of ISO/STEP, require a modelling approach that does not develop a new model from scratch, but rather base it on a more generic model which, in turn, is based on an even more abstract model, etc. The resulting structure shows a layered framework. On top of which can be found the most generic concepts and downward the more specific concepts with increased semantics. The benefits of such a model development approach are improvements in: version management, object orientated modelling, concurrent model development, controlled change, standardized interfaces, conformance testing etc. This paper describes an environment which supports the development of a new model out of one or more generic parent models. The generation process consists of two steps. In the first step entities of the parent models can be instanciated while constraining the inherited behavior and introducing new behavior. In fact this process is identical with instanciating run time objects from class templates in the object oriented paradigm. However, in the authors' development environment an important (inherited) property of each entity is self-reproduction. In the second step, therefore, each instance is forced to represent its run time state into some kind of information modelling language specification. Appropriate measures are taken to guarantee that the resulting model will conform the behavior of its parent model(s). The paper demonstrates this approach in a multi-layered example currently being implemented and explores several implementation issues
keywords	product modeling, standards, integration, abstraction, OOPS
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	82a2
authors	Streich, Bernd
year	1991
title	The Conception of Education in CAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.p4b
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	In February 1990 the University of Kaiserslautern founded the new teaching and research department "Computer-Aided Design and Construction in Environmental Planning and Architecture". Unlike other German universities, the speciality of the new teaching department is in the common education of architects and environmental planners (including urban planning), so that a wide range of computer systems is at their disposal: computer-aided architectural design systems just as geographic information systems, picture processing or information systems to support urban planning etc. No other German university disposes of this kind of common education in a single teaching department. The following aspects will be discussed: (-) The general concept of education in three dimensions, viz. a dimension of application concerning architecture and urban planning, a dimension of technical features concerning computer applications and a dimension of critical judgement. (-) Contents of education and teaching concept including examples and students' resonance. (-) Research fields in urban planning and architecture which are necessary for a practical-oriented education concept. (-) Experience with the educational background furnished by the students of architecture and environmental planning and general consequences for the teaching concept.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	c455
authors	Sumption, Brian, Haglund, Bruce and Zabrodsky, Alexander
year	1991
title	Imagining Light: A Visualization of Daylighting Data
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 97-104
summary	The task of designing effective lighting for buildings requires both artistic and technical competence. In this way it is archetypical of the discipline of architectural design. The interaction of buildings with solar lighting is complex and ever-changing. Added complexity comes with the use of electric lights and their daylight-sensitive control systems. State-of-the-art daylight prediction tools most often provide precision data that is in obscure numerical formats hindering the communication and perception of information hidden within. We are exploring the use of scientific visualization to transform incomprehensible tables of data into images that visually oriented designers will find more accessible. By representing lighting data and their interactions with the environment visually, students and design professionals may be able to "imagine the light" in ways that will help them understand and solve complex lighting design problems.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	2763
authors	Terai, Tatsuo
year	1991
title	Common Building Model for Administrative Checking System Against Building Design Proposals
source	The Computer Integrated Future, CIB W78 Seminar. September, 1991. Unnumbered
summary	Japanese local administrative authorities are running a joint project to develop a computer-oriented checking/confirmation system for lawfulness of building design proposals. They aim in the long run to establish a paper-less checking system which enables designers to efficiently utilize their project data derived directly from their own CAD systems. It will take much time to reach the goal, but this could be the first step to establish a national CAD standards from which is currently delayed by complicated characteristics of the AEC industry. This paper describes the outline of the system and explains briefly a proposed common building model based on standardized coding system as the results in the first stage of development
keywords	evaluation, standards, building, codes
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

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