Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 220

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	eaca
authors	Davis, L. (ed.)
year	1991
title	Handbook of genetic algorithms
source	Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
summary	This book sets out to explain what genetic algorithms are and how they can be used to solve real-world problems. The first objective is tackled by the editor, Lawrence Davis. The remainder of the book is turned over to a series of short review articles by a collection of authors, each explaining how genetic algorithms have been applied to problems in their own specific area of interest. The first part of the book introduces the fundamental genetic algorithm (GA), explains how it has traditionally been designed and implemented and shows how the basic technique may be applied to a very simple numerical optimisation problem. The basic technique is then altered and refined in a number of ways, with the effects of each change being measured by comparison against the performance of the original. In this way, the reader is provided with an uncluttered introduction to the technique and learns to appreciate why certain variants of GA have become more popular than others in the scientific community. Davis stresses that the choice of a suitable representation for the problem in hand is a key step in applying the GA, as is the selection of suitable techniques for generating new solutions from old. He is refreshingly open in admitting that much of the business of adapting the GA to specific problems owes more to art than to science. It is nice to see the terminology associated with this subject explained, with the author stressing that much of the field is still an active area of research. Few assumptions are made about the reader's mathematical background. The second part of the book contains thirteen cameo descriptions of how genetic algorithmic techniques have been, or are being, applied to a diverse range of problems. Thus, one group of authors explains how the technique has been used for modelling arms races between neighbouring countries (a non- linear, dynamical system), while another group describes its use in deciding design trade-offs for military aircraft. My own favourite is a rather charming account of how the GA was applied to a series of scheduling problems. Having attempted something of this sort with Simulated Annealing, I found it refreshing to see the authors highlighting some of the problems that they had encountered, rather than sweeping them under the carpet as is so often done in the scientific literature. The editor points out that there are standard GA tools available for either play or serious development work. Two of these (GENESIS and OOGA) are described in a short, third part of the book. As is so often the case nowadays, it is possible to obtain a diskette containing both systems by sending your Visa card details (or $60) to an address in the USA.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	fd70
authors	Goldman, Glenn and Zdepski, Michael Stephen (Eds.)
year	1991
title	Reality and Virtual Reality [Conference Proceedings]
source	ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-00-4 / Los Angeles (California - USA) October 1991, 236 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1991
summary	During the past ten years computers in architecture have evolved from machines used for analytic and numeric calculation, to machines used for generating dynamic images, permitting the creation of photorealistic renderings, and now, in a preliminary way, permitting the simulation of virtual environments. Digital systems have evolved from increasing the speed of human operations, to providing entirely new means for creating, viewing and analyzing data. The following essays illustrate the growing spectrum of computer applications in architecture. They discuss developments in the simulation of future environments on the luminous screen and in virtual space. They investigate new methods and theories for the generation of architectural color, texture, and form. Authors address the complex technical issues of "intelligent" models and their associated analytic contents. There are attempts to categorize and make accessible architects' perceptions of various models of "reality". Much of what is presented foreshadows changes that are taking place in the areas of design theory, building sciences, architectural graphics, and computer research. The work presented is both developmental, evolving from the work done before or in other fields, and unique, exploring new themes and concepts. The application of computer technology to the practice of architecture has had a cross disciplinary effect, as computer algorithms used to generate the "unreal" environments and actors of the motion picture industry are applied to the prediction of buildings and urban landscapes not yet in existence. Buildings and places from history are archeologically "re-constructed" providing digital simulations that enable designers to study that which has previously (or never) existed. Applications of concepts from scientific visualization suggest new methods for understanding the highly interrelated aspects of the architectural sciences: structural systems, environmental control systems, building economics, etc. Simulation systems from the aerospace industry and computer media fields propose new non-physical three-dimensional worlds. Video compositing technology from the television industry and the practice of medicine are now applied to the compositing of existing environments with proposed buildings. Whether based in architectural research or practice, many authors continue to question the development of contemporary computer systems. They seek new interfaces between human and machine, new methods for simulating architectural information digitally, and new ways of conceptualizing the process of architectural design. While the practice of architecture has, of necessity, been primarily concerned with increasing productivity - and automation for improved efficiency, it is clear that university based studies and research continue to go beyond the electronic replication of manual tasks and study issues that can change the processes of architectural design - and ultimately perhaps, the products.
series	ACADIA
email
more	http://www.acadia.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	39e0
id	39e0
authors	Jablonski, Allen D.
year	1991
title	Integrated Component-based Computer Design Modeling System: The Implications of Control Parameters on the Design Process
source	New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ Graduate Thesis - Master's Program College of Architecture
summary	The design process is dependent on a clear order of integrating and managing all of the control parameters that impact on a building's design. All component elements of a building must be defined by their: Physical and functional relations; Quantitative and calculable properties; Component and/or system functions. This requires a means of representation to depict a model of a building that can be viewed and interpreted by a variety of interested parties. These parties need different types of representation to address their individual control parameters, as each component instance has specific implications on all of the control parameters. Representations are prepared for periodic design review either manually through hand-drawn graphics and handcrafted models; or with the aid of computer aided design programs. Computer programs can profoundly increase the speed and accuracy of the process', as well as provide a level of integration, graphic representation and simulation, untenable through a manual process. By maintaining a single control model in an Integrated Component-based Computer Design Modeling System (ICCDMS), interested parties could access the design model at any point during the process. Each party could either: 1. Analyze individual components, or constraints of the model, for interferences against parameters within that party's control; or 2. Explore design alternatives to modify the model, and verify the integration of the components or functions, within the design model, as allowable in relation to other control parameters.
keywords	Architectural Design; Data Processing
series	thesis:MSc
type	extended abstract
email
more	http://www.library.njit.edu/etd/1990s/1990/njit-etd1990-005/njit-etd1990-005.html
last changed	2006/09/25 09:04

_id	0ed4
authors	Kusama, H., Fukuda, T., Park, J.W. and Sasada, T.
year	1996
title	Networked CAD System for Designer Group
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 153-161
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.153
summary	Open Design Environment (ODE), the concept of which was proposed in 1991, is a platform on computers to support synthetic to proceed design. We have applied ODE in practical use of design, design review and presentation to make collaboration by using CG in design participants. Recent linkage between LAN and Wide Area Network, just as the Internet, gave ODE a new progress to make wide area collaboration. It leads to generate the concept of Network ODE (NODE). However, we have found some problems on system to proceed the wide area collaboration by using ODE’s Design Tools. Since they are developed on the specific computer system, they can not correspond to the wide area collaboration on various network environments. As a result, the re-arrangement of design environment and the development of Design Tools are needed, which are rather flexible and general purpose, i.e. independent of machine sort and network adaptive. In this paper, to proceed collaboration in a designer group, how to create the system of NODE is demonstrated with the new Key Technologies of network and CG.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ascaad2007_008
id	ascaad2007_008
authors	Rafi A. and R. Mat Rani
year	2007
title	Visual impact assessment (VIA): A review on theoretical frameworks for urban streetscape
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 87-94
summary	This paper reviews several theoretical frameworks of visual analysis used in computer-based Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) for design decisions in architecture, urban landscape and urban planning. The discussion will focus on the underlying issues of preferences and predictions between designer and lay-public, methodologies of visual analysis, and computing media technologies due to fact that these components primarily contribute towards the result of VIA. Two different sets of visual analysis (i.e. designer’s and layman’s points of view) are presented based on Sanoff’s (1991) arguments that lay-public preferences are always become a second opinion compared to the judgments by designers. These theories will then be developed and used in the VIA experiments to understand the impact of the visuals in different media for viewers’ understanding. This paper concludes with a discussion and suggestion of analysis framework to be used for the visual experiments.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	2560
authors	Alkhoven, Patricia
year	1991
title	The Reconstruction of the Past: The Application of New Techniques for Visualization and Research in Architectural History
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 549-566
summary	This paper focuses on the visualization of historical architecture. The application of new Computer-Aided- Architectural-Design techniques for visualization on micro computers provides a technique for reconstructing and analyzing architectural objects from the past. The pilot project describes a case study in which the historical transformation of a town will be analyzed by using three- dimensional CAD models in combination with bitmap textures. The transformation of the historic town will be visualized in a space-time computer model in which bitmap textures enable us to display complex and relatively large architectural objects in detail. This three-dimensional descriptive model allows us to survey and analyze the history of architecture in its reconstructed context. It also provides a medium for researching the dynamics of urban management, since new combinations and arrangements with the individual architectural objects can be created. In this way, a new synthesis of the graphic material can reveal typologies and the architectural ordering system of a town.
keywords	3D City modeling
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	00bc
authors	Chen, Chen-Cheng
year	1991
title	Analogical and inductive reasoning in architectural design computation
source	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich
summary	Computer-aided architectural design technology is now a crucial tool of modern architecture, from the viewpoint of higher productivity and better products. As technologies advance, the amount of information and knowledge that designers can apply to a project is constantly increasing. This requires development of more advanced knowledge acquisition technology to achieve higher functionality, flexibility, and efficient performance of the knowledge-based design systems in architecture. Human designers do not solve design problems from scratch, they utilize previous problem solving episodes for similar design problems as a basis for developmental decision making. This observation leads to the starting point of this research: First, we can utilize past experience to solve a new problem by detecting the similarities between the past problem and the new problem. Second, we can identify constraints and general rules implied by those similarities and the similar parts of similar situations. That is, by applying analogical and inductive reasoning we can advance the problem solving process.The main objective of this research is to establish the theory that (1) design process can be viewed as a learning process, (2) design innovation involves analogical and inductive reasoning, and (3) learning from a designer's previous design cases is necessary for the development of the next generation in a knowledge-based design system. This thesis draws upon results from several disciplines, including knowledge representation and machine learning in artificial intelligence, and knowledge acquisition in knowledge engineering, to investigate a potential design environment for future developments in computer-aided architectural design. This thesis contains three parts which correspond to the different steps of this research. Part I, discusses three different ways - problem solving, learning and creativity - of generating new thoughts based on old ones. In Part II, the problem statement of the thesis is made and a conceptual model of analogical and inductive reasoning in design is proposed. In Part III, three different methods of building design systems for solving an architectural design problem are compared rule-based, example-based, and case-based. Finally, conclusions are made based on the current implementation of the work, and possible future extensions of this research are described. It reveals new approaches for knowledge acquisition, machine learning, and knowledge-based design systems in architecture.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/05/10 05:42

_id	eb51
authors	Coyne, Richard
year	1996
title	CAAD, Curriculum and Controversy
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 121-130
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.121
summary	This paper brings some of the debate within educational theory to bear on CAAD teaching, outlining the contributions of conservatism, critical theory, radical hermeneutics and pragmatism. The paper concludes by recommending that CAAD teaching move away from conservative concepts of teaching, design and technology to integrate it into the studio. In a highly illuminating book on education theory, Shaun Gallagher (1991) outlines four current views on education that correspond to four major positions in contemporary social theory and philosophy. I will extend these categories to a consideration of attitudes to information technology, and the teaching of computing in architecture. These four positions are conservatism, critical theory, radical hermeneutics, and pragmatism. I will show how certain issues cluster around them, how each position provides the focus of various discursive practices, or intellectual conversations in contemporary thinking, and how information technology is caught up in those conversations. These four positions are not "cognitive styles," but vigorously argued domains of debate involving writers such as Gadamer, Habermas and Derrida about the theory of interpretation. The field of interpretation is known as hermeneutics, which is concerned less with epistemology and knowledge than with understanding. Interpretation theory applies to reading texts, interpreting the law, and appreciating art, but also to the application of any practical task, such as making art, drawing, defining and solving problems, and design (Coyne and Snodgrass, 1995). Hermeneutics provides a coherent focus for considering many contemporary issues and many domains of practice. I outline what these positions in education mean in terms of CAAD (computer-aided architectural design) in the curriculum.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.caad.ac.uk/~richard
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	e717
authors	De Vries, Mark and Wagter, Harry
year	1991
title	The First CAAD Package (sketch based cad)
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 497-510
summary	In this paper a theory will be presented that can be used to develop a new type of CAD program. It supports architectural design and can be applied to the earliest stages of the design process. The theory is based on architectural knowledge and describes how sketched input can be used for CAAD programs. The theoretical backgrounds will be explained briefly.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	673a
authors	Fukuda, T., Nagahama, R. and Sasada, T.
year	1997
title	Networked Interactive 3-D design System for Collaboration
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 429-437
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.429
summary	The concept of ODE (Open Design Environment) and corresponding system were presented in 1991. Then the new concept of NODE. which is networked version of ODE. was generated to make wide area collaboration in 1994. The aim of our research is to facilitate the collaboration among the various people involved in the design process of an urban or architectural project. This includes various designers and engineers, the client and the citizens who may be affected by such a project. With the new technologies of hyper medium, network, and component architecture, we have developed NODE system and applied in practical use of the collaboration among the various people. This study emphasizes the interactive 3-D design tool of NODE which is able to make realistic and realtime presentation with interactive interface. In recent years, ProjectFolder of NODE system, which is a case including documents, plans, and tools to proceed project., is created in the World Wide Web (WWW) and makes hyper links between a 3-D object and a text, an image. and other digital data.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2a0e
authors	Jacobs, Stephen Paul
year	1991
title	The CAD Design Studio: 3D modeling as a fundamental design skill
source	McGraw-Hill, New York
summary	Until now, books on CAD aimed at architects have addressed the use of computer-aided design and drafting as a recording tool, a faster means of producing and storing finished working drawings-and not as an adjunctive creative tool for the design process. Without being software specific, this book will guide the professional and student architect and graphics designer in how to use the computer as an electronic modelling tool, exploring graphic and geometric forms and systems with the freedom and speed of the computer. The reader will be led through a progression of design exercises and design problems, learning how to come up with multiple solutions to a given program. Beautifully illustrated throughout, including 10 four-color CAD drawings!
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	2559
authors	Knight, Terry W.
year	1991
title	Designing with Grammars
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 33-48
summary	Shape grammars that generate languages of designs have been used widely over the past several years to describe and understand a diversity of architectural and other styles of designs. These grammars have been developed to address two fundamental concerns in design: 1) the analysis of contemporary or historic styles of designs, and 2) the synthesis or creation of completely new and original styles of designs. Most applications of shape grammars so far have been concerned with analysis. The creative use of shape grammars - the use of grammars to invent new architectural or other designs - has not been exploited nearly as well. A new series of exercises for designing with shape grammars, and also with color grammars, is sketched informally here. These exercises are currently being used in classes in the Architecture and Urban Design Program at U.C.L.A.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	a9d7
authors	Mitchell, J.W. and McCullough, M.
year	1991
title	Digital Design Media: A Handbook for Architects and Design Professionals
source	Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 421-422
summary	In Digital Design Media architects and related design professionals will find a complete conceptual guide to the multidimensional world of computer-aided design. In contrast to the many books that describe how to use particular programs (and which therefore go out of date very quickly), Digital Design Media constructs a lasting theoretical framework, which will make it easier to understand a great number of programs-existing and future-as a whole. Clear structure, numerous historical references, and hundreds of illustrations make this framework both accessible to the nontechnical professional and broadening for the experienced computer-aided designer. The book will be especially valuable to anyone who is ready to expand their work in CAD beyond production drafting systems. The new second edition adds chapters one merging technologies, such as the Internet, but the book's original content is as valid as ever. Thousands of design students and practitioners have made this book a standard.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	7508
authors	Montgomery, D.C.
year	1991
title	Design and Analysis of Experiments
source	John Wiley, Chichester
summary	Learn How to Achieve Optimal Industrial Experimentation Through four editions, Douglas Montgomery has provided statisticians, engineers, scientists, and managers with the most effective approach for learning how to design, conduct, and analyze experiments that optimize performance in products and processes. Now, in this fully revised and enhanced Fifth Edition, Montgomery has improved his best-selling text by focusing even more sharply on factorial and fractional factorial design and presenting new analysis techniques (including the generalized linear model). There is also expanded coverage of experiments with random factors, response surface methods, experiments with mixtures, and methods for process robustness studies. The book also illustrates two of today's most powerful software tools for experimental design: Design-Expert(r) and Minitab(r). Throughout the text, You'll find output from these two programs, along with detailed discussion on how computers are currently used in the analysis and design of experiments. You'll also learn how to use statistically designed experiments to: * Obtain information for characterization and optimization of systems * Improve manufacturing processes * Design and develop new processes and products * Evaluate material alternatives in product design * Improve the field performance, reliability, and manufacturing aspects of products * Learn how to conduct experiments effectively and efficiently Other important textbook features: * Student version of Design-Expert(r) software is available. * Web site (www.wiley.com/college/montgomery) offers supplemental text material for each chapter, a sample syllabus, and sample student projects from the author's Design of Experiments course at Arizona State University.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ga0010
id	ga0010
authors	Moroni, A., Zuben, F. Von and Manzolli, J.
year	2000
title	ArTbitrariness in Music
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	Evolution is now considered not only powerful enough to bring about the biological entities as complex as humans and conciousness, but also useful in simulation to create algorithms and structures of higher levels of complexity than could easily be built by design. In the context of artistic domains, the process of human-machine interaction is analyzed as a good framework to explore creativity and to produce results that could not be obtained without this interaction. When evolutionary computation and other computational intelligence methodologies are involved, every attempt to improve aesthetic judgement we denote as ArTbitrariness, and is interpreted as an interactive iterative optimization process. ArTbitrariness is also suggested as an effective way to produce art through an efficient manipulation of information and a proper use of computational creativity to increase the complexity of the results without neglecting the aesthetic aspects [Moroni et al., 2000]. Our emphasis will be in an approach to interactive music composition. The problem of computer generation of musical material has received extensive attention and a subclass of the field of algorithmic composition includes those applications which use the computer as something in between an instrument, in which a user "plays" through the application's interface, and a compositional aid, which a user experiments with in order to generate stimulating and varying musical material. This approach was adopted in Vox Populi, a hybrid made up of an instrument and a compositional environment. Differently from other systems found in genetic algorithms or evolutionary computation, in which people have to listen to and judge the musical items, Vox Populi uses the computer and the mouse as real-time music controllers, acting as a new interactive computer-based musical instrument. The interface is designed to be flexible for the user to modify the music being generated. It explores evolutionary computation in the context of algorithmic composition and provides a graphical interface that allows to modify the tonal center and the voice range, changing the evolution of the music by using the mouse[Moroni et al., 1999]. A piece of music consists of several sets of musical material manipulated and exposed to the listener, for example pitches, harmonies, rhythms, timbres, etc. They are composed of a finite number of elements and basically, the aim of a composer is to organize those elements in an esthetic way. Modeling a piece as a dynamic system implies a view in which the composer draws trajectories or orbits using the elements of each set [Manzolli, 1991]. Nonlinear iterative mappings are associated with interface controls. In the next page two examples of nonlinear iterative mappings with their resulting musical pieces are shown.The mappings may give rise to attractors, defined as geometric figures that represent the set of stationary states of a non-linear dynamic system, or simply trajectories to which the system is attracted. The relevance of this approach goes beyond music applications per se. Computer music systems that are built on the basis of a solid theory can be coherently embedded into multimedia environments. The richness and specialty of the music domain are likely to initiate new thinking and ideas, which will have an impact on areas such as knowledge representation and planning, and on the design of visual formalisms and human-computer interfaces in general. Above and bellow, Vox Populi interface is depicted, showing two nonlinear iterative mappings with their resulting musical pieces. References [Manzolli, 1991] J. Manzolli. Harmonic Strange Attractors, CEM BULLETIN, Vol. 2, No. 2, 4 -- 7, 1991. [Moroni et al., 1999] Moroni, J. Manzolli, F. Von Zuben, R. Gudwin. Evolutionary Computation applied to Algorithmic Composition, Proceedings of CEC99 - IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Washington D. C., p. 807 -- 811,1999. [Moroni et al., 2000] Moroni, A., Von Zuben, F. and Manzolli, J. ArTbitration, Las Vegas, USA: Proceedings of the 2000 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Workshop Program – GECCO, 143 -- 145, 2000.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	2abf
id	2abf
authors	Rafi, A
year	2001
title	Design creativity in emerging technologies
source	In Von, H., Stocker, G. and Schopf, C. (Eds.), Takeover: Who’s doing art of tomorrow (pp. 41-54), New York: SpringerWein.
summary	Human creativity works best when there are constraints – pressures to react to, to shape, to suggest. People are generally not very good at making it all up from scratch (Laurel, 1991). Emerging technology particularly virtual reality (VR) Multimedia and Internet is yet to be fully discovered as it allows unprecedented creative talent, ability, skill set, creative thinking, representation, exploration, observation and reference. In an effort to deliver interactive content, designers tend to freely borrow from different fields such as advertising, medicine, game, fine art, commerce, entertainment, edutainment, film-making and architecture (Rafi, Kamarulzaman, Fauzan and Karboulonis, 2000). As a result, content becomes a base that developers transfer the technique of conventional medium design media to the computer. What developers (e.g. artist and technologist) often miss is that to develop the emerging technology content based on the nature of the medium. In this context, the user is the one that will be the best judge to value the effectiveness of the content. The paper will introduce Global Information Infrastructure (GII) that is currently being developed in the Asian region and discuss its impact on the Information Age society. It will further highlight the ‘natural’ value and characteristics of the emerging technologies in particular Virtual Reality (VR), Multimedia and Internet as a guidance to design an effective, rich and innovative content development. This paper also argues that content designers of the future must not only be both artist and technologist, but artist and technologist that are aware of the re-convergence of art and science and context in which content is being developed. Some of our exploration at the Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University will also be demonstrated. It is hoped that this will be the evidence to guide future ‘techno-creative designers’.
keywords	design, creativity, content, emerging technologies
series	book
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2007/09/13 03:46

_id	0e34
authors	Rumbaugh J., Blaha M., Premerlani W., Eddy F., Lorenson W.
year	1991
title	Object-Oriented Modelling and Design
source	Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
summary	Object-oriented modelling and design promote better understanding of requirements, cleaner designs and more maintainable systems. Often, books on related subjects rely on programming and coding, forcing readers to think in terms of the computer, and not the application. "Object-oriented Modeling and Design" emphasizes that object-oriented technology is more that just a way of programming. It applies techniques to the entire software development cycle. This volume presents a new object-oriented software development methodology - from analysis, through design, to implementation. Key features of the book include a focus on high-level, front-end conceptual processes of analysis and design, rather than just on the low-level, back-end implementation steps of programming; coverage of the entire development life cycle - analysis, design, implementation without a change of notation at each stage; a presentation of graphical notation and methodology independent of any particular programming language; case studies of industrial object-oriented applications developed by the authors; and examples and exercises that bring out fine points, summary lists of concepts and methodology steps, and almost 300 diagrams.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	f14c
authors	Sariyildiz, Sevil
year	1991
title	Conceptual Design by Means of Islamic-Geometric-Patterns within a CAAD-Environment
source	Delft University of Technology
summary	The starting point in this research was to develop a 3D grammar theory on top of existing 2D Islamic-geometric-patterns, trying to rescue their fundamental geometry contents to be applied in contemporary architecture without compromising any architectural style. As it is self evident the architectural design process consists of clearly distinct stages namely conceptual design, materialisation and further completion. A this conceptual stage the innovative item of the research deals with pattern grammars on 3D complex geometrical patterns, considering them as polyhedra and polytopes, for their use as an underlayer to a concept design, like architects use 2D rectangular and triangular grids by the conventional way. Handling these complex 3D patterns requires a special environment which is possible with CAAD. Within the CAAD environment, the handling of these complex patterns is easily done by means of 3D tools, because the 3D tools permit the user to make any possible manipulations and geometrical transformations in an easier way in space. To a geometrical patterns, there is some attention paid during the last 50 years by some scholars. The most complex geometrical patterns are highly developed in Islamic architecture because it is forbidden in Muslim religion to use man's portraits or sculptures of human beings in the religious buildings. All these approaches to complex patterns are analysed and studied as 2D elements. The question was how could we consider them in 3rd dimensions and use them instead of 2D underlayer, as 3D underlayers in the conceptual phase of the CAAD design. Pattern grammar is a generally employable aid (underlying pattern) for conceptual and material designs. On the basis of rules of symmetry and substitution, ordering principles have been worked out, which can be used for formal design methods as well as detailing systems (e.g. modular coordination). Through the realization of a pattern grammar a wider range of underlying patterns can be offered and a choice from these can be made in a more fundamental manner. At a subsequent stage the collection of "empty boxes" can be filled with (architectural) elements in such a way that another option is created between either filling up the boxes completely, filling them partly, or filling them in such a way that they overflow. It is self-evident that underlying patterns can also be used for details and decoration in a design. Concerning the materialisation of the concept design, within the 3D CAAD environment, substitution methods are partially developed. Further theoretical developments concerning the materialisation phase constantly backed up through feed-back with specialist matters (such as e.g. by means of expert systems, decision-support systems), must be worked out. As feed-back of the research, the possibilities of the design with 3D patterns have been tested and the procedures are explained. () Working with 3D patterns gives a designer more inspirations to develop new ideas and new concepts and gives the opportunity to handle the complexity. () The formal, structural and symmetrical qualities of geometrical patterns has a positive influence on the industrialisation of the building components. (*) Working with 3D tools which are able to handle complex geometry have a result because of the accuracy of the information, that there has hardly been a mistake made during the preparation and the assembly of the building components. This has also positive results concerning the financial aspects of the building process.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	c5a8
authors	Schmitt, Gerhard N. (Ed.)
year	1991
title	CAAD Futures '91 [Conference Proceedings]
source	International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design 1989/ ISBN 3-528-08821-4 / Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, 594 p.
summary	Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) is the art of design and computation. Since the establishment of the CAAD futures organization in 1985, experts meet every two years to explore the state-of-the-art and postulate on future development in Computer Aided Architectural Design. The fourth international CAAD futures conference took place in July 1991 in Zürich at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), organized by the Chair for CAAD. More than 220 participants from 25 countries attended the conference. Presentation topics were education, research, and application. The mission of CAAD futures '91 was to provide an international forum for the dissemination and discussion of future oriented developments and new experiences in the field of Computer Aided Architectural Design. This book is one result of the conference and is divided into three sections: Education, Research and Application. This international overview of the 1991 state-of-the- art in Computer Aided Architectural Design will serve as a reference for design teachers, researchers, and application developers interested in CAAD.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	avocaad_2001_19
id	avocaad_2001_19
authors	Shen-Kai Tang, Yu-Tung Liu, Yu-Sheng Chung, Chi-Seng Chung
year	2001
title	The visual harmony between new and old materials in the restoration of historical architecture: A study of computer simulation
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In the research of historical architecture restoration, scholars respectively focus on the field of architectural context and architectural archeology (Shi, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995; Fu, 1995, 1997; Chiu, 2000) or on architecture construction and the procedure of restoration (Shi, 1988, 1989; Chiu, 1990). How to choose materials and cope with their durability becomes an important issue in the restoration of historical architecture (Dasser, 1990; Wang, 1998).In the related research of the usage and durability of materials, some scholars deem that, instead of continuing the traditional ways that last for hundreds of years (that is to replace new materials with old ones), it might be better to keep the original materials (Dasser, 1990). However, unavoidably, some of the originals are much worn. Thus we have to first establish the standard of eliminating components, and secondly to replace identical or similar materials with the old components (Lee, 1990). After accomplishing the restoration, we often unexpectedly find out that the renewed historical building is too new that the sense of history is eliminated (Dasser, 1990; Fu, 1997). Actually this is the important factor that determines the accomplishment of restoration. In the past, some scholars find out that the contrast and conflict between new and old materials are contributed to the different time of manufacture and different coating, such as antiseptic, pattern, etc., which result in the discrepancy of the sense of visual perception (Lee, 1990; Fu, 1997; Dasser, 1990).In recent years, a number of researches and practice of computer technology have been done in the field of architectural design. We are able to proceed design communication more exactly by the application of some systematic softwares, such as image processing, computer graphic, computer modeling/rendering, animation, multimedia, virtual reality and so on (Lawson, 1995; Liu, 1996). The application of computer technology to the research of the preservation of historical architecture is comparatively late. Continually some researchers explore the procedure of restoration by computer simulation technology (Potier, 2000), or establish digital database of the investigation of historical architecture (Sasada, 2000; Wang, 1998). How to choose materials by the technology of computer simulation influences the sense of visual perception. Liu (2000) has a more complete result on visual impact analysis and assessment (VIAA) about the research of urban design projection. The main subjects of this research paper focuses on whether the technology of computer simulation can extenuate the conflict between new and old materials that imposed on visual perception.The objective of this paper is to propose a standard method of visual harmony effects for materials in historical architecture (taking the Gigi Train Station destroyed by the earthquake in last September as the operating example).There are five steps in this research: 1.Categorize the materials of historical architecture and establish the information in digital database. 2.Get new materials of historical architecture and establish the information in digital database. 3.According to the mixing amount of new and old materials, determinate their proportion of the building; mixing new and old materials in a certain way. 4.Assign the mixed materials to the computer model and proceed the simulation of lighting. 5.Make experts and the citizens to evaluate the accomplished computer model in order to propose the expected standard method.According to the experiment mentioned above, we first address a procedure of material simulation of the historical architecture restoration and then offer some suggestions of how to mix new and old materials.By this procedure of simulation, we offer a better view to control the restoration of historical architecture. And, the discrepancy and discordance by new and old materials can be released. Moreover, we thus avoid to reconstructing ¡§too new¡¨ historical architecture.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

For more results click below: