Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	6737
authors	Casaus, A., Fargas, J. and Papuzian, P.
year	1993
title	Hybrid Design Environments - A Research Program on Creative Collaboration and Communication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.a8h
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	This paper gives an overview of a research program initiated in the Architectural Design Department of the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona on issues of communication and collaboration in computer aided design. The work is centered around emerging design situations which can be attributed directly to the incorporation of new technologies in education and practice. One of these is the "design triangle" composed of a traditional designer, a CAD workstation and a computer literate collaborator acting as the design medium. Another is the "virtual workshop" consisting of design collaboration involving large-scale distributed communications networks. The research program stresses three common characteristics of these situations which it aims to study in parallel in the setting of an design workshop. The first of these is the characteristic of distance, both physical and conceptual, which separates, on the one hand, the traditional designer from the CAD document and, on the other, the participants of a distributed workshop from each other and each others' thinking. The second, is the typically hybrid nature of such situations where computer technology interacts with more traditional techniques and alternative media are combined both at the level of production and in channels and modes of communication. And finally, the third and most significant for the methodology of the research program, is the fact that both the design triangle and the virtual workshop make explicit aspects of design activity, interaction and intentions which remain hidden or are only implicit in traditional designing.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2c6d
authors	Laurillard, D.
year	1993
title	Rethinking University Teaching; A Framework for the Effective use of Educational Technology
source	Routledge, London.
summary	This book presents a clearly and soundly argued case for the integration of educational technology into university teaching where the primary focus is to enhance student learning. Different teaching media, including audio-visual, hypermedia, interactive, adaptive and discursive media are discussed in the light of research into student learning. Practical guidelines for designing educational technology are provided.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	bdc5
authors	Lehane, A., Wright, D. and Lambourne, E.
year	1993
title	Parallel Modeling: Addressing the Issues of Creative Designing in CAD Environments II. Special Applications
source	Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1993 v.1 pp. 249-254
summary	We postulate that Industrial Designers, in general, solve a given problem by generating a series of proposed solutions to that problem, each proposal, in theory, helps the designer to converge on the ideal solution. Any number of solutions may be under continuous development at any one time and any previous solutions should always be available for appraisal and viewing. The single modeling environment provided in traditional Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems does not support this practice. Thus, CAD systems are primarily used to address the final phases of the design process, such as analysis, visualisation and detailing. This is surely not utilising the full potential of such a powerful design tool. In an attempt to develop a less restrictive working practice for CAD users, we consider a parallel modeling approach. This solution allows the simultaneous development, design and review of a number of computer based solutions.
keywords	Paper Based Design Process; Parallel Modeling; Computer Based Design Process; Sets; Industrial Design; Set Theory; Directed Acyclic Graph; Seed
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	3105
authors	Novak, T.P., Hoffman, D.L., and Yung, Y.-F.
year	1996
title	Modeling the structure of the flow experience
source	INFORMS Marketing Science and the Internet Mini-Conference, MIT
summary	The flow construct (Csikszentmihalyi 1977) has recently been proposed by Hoffman and Novak (1996) as essential to understanding consumer navigation behavior in online environments such as the World Wide Web. Previous researchers (e.g. Csikszentmihalyi 1990; Ghani, Supnick and Rooney 1991; Trevino and Webster 1992; Webster, Trevino and Ryan 1993) have noted that flow is a useful construct for describing more general human-computer interactions. Hoffman and Novak define flow as the state occurring during network navigation which is: 1) characterized by a seamless sequence of responses facilitated by machine interactivity, 2) intrinsically enjoyable, 3) accompanied by a loss of self-consciousness, and 4) selfreinforcing." To experience flow while engaged in an activity, consumers must perceive a balance between their skills and the challenges of the activity, and both their skills and challenges must be above a critical threshold. Hoffman and Novak (1996) propose that flow has a number of positive consequences from a marketing perspective, including increased consumer learning, exploratory behavior, and positive affect."
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	98bd
authors	Pea, R.
year	1993
title	Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education
source	Distributed Cognitions, edited by G. Salomon. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press
summary	v Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts... v Intelligence may also be distributed for use in designed artifacts as diverse as physical tools, representations such as diagrams, and computer-user interfaces to complex tasks. v Leont'ev 1978 for activity theory that argues forcibly for the centrality of people-in-action, activity systems, as units of analysis for deepening our understanding of thinking. v Intelligence is distributed: the resources that shape and enable activity are distributed across people, environments, and situations. v Intelligence is accomplished rather than possessed. v Affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of a thing, primarily those functional properties that determine how the thing could possibly be used. v Norman 1988 on design and psychology - the psychology of everyday things" v We deploy effort-saving strategies in recognition of their cognitive economy and diminished opportunity for error. v The affordances of artifacts may be more or less difficult to convey to novice users of these artifacts in the activities to which they contribute distributed intelligence. v Starts with Norman's seven stages of action Ø Forming a goal; an intention § Task desire - clear goal and intention - an action and a means § Mapping desire - unable to map goal back to action § Circumstantial desire - no specific goal or intention - opportunistic approach to potential new goal § Habitual desire - familiar course of action - rapidly cycle all seven stages of action v Differentiates inscriptional systems from representational or symbol systems because inscriptional systems are completely external, while representational or symbol systems have been used in cognitive science as mental constructs. v The situated properties of everyday cognition are highly inventive in exploiting features of the physical and social situation as resources for performing a task, thereby avoiding the need for mental symbol manipulations unless they are required by that task. v Explicit recognition of the intelligence represented and representable in design, specifically in designed artifacts that play important roles in human activities. v Once intelligence is designed into the affordances properties of artifacts, it both guides and constrains the likely contributions of that artifact to distributed intelligence in activity. v Culturally valued designs for distributed intelligence will change over time, especially as new technology becomes associated with a task domain. v If we treat distributed intelligence in action as the scientific unit of analysis for research and theory on learning and reasoning... Ø What is distributed? Ø What constraints govern the dynamics of such distributions in different time scales? Ø Through what reconfigurations of distributed intelligence might the performance of an activity system improve over time? v Intelligence is manifest in activity and distributed in nature. v Intelligent activities ...in the real world... are often collaborative, depend on resources beyond an individual's long-term memory, and require the use of information-handling tools... v Wartofsky 1979 - the artifact is to cultural evolution what the gene is to biological evolution - the vehicle of information across generations. v Systems of activity - involving persons, environment, tools - become the locus of developmental investigation. v Disagrees with Salomon et al.'s entity-oriented approach - a language of containers holding things. v Human cognition aspires to efficiency in distributing intelligence - across individuals, environment, external symbolic representations, tools, and artifacts - as a means of coping with the complexity of activities we often cal "mental." "
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	2ff9
id	2ff9
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	1993
title	Knowledge-based Stair Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1993.163
source	Education and Practice: The Critical Interface [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-02-0] Texas (Texas / USA) 1993, pp. 163-171
summary	The application of computer--based technique to support architectural design has often concentrated on matters of representation. Typically, this means computer-aided drafting, and less frequently, computer-aided modeling and visualization. The promise of new computer-based tools to support the process of design has thus far failed to produce any significant tool that has had a widespread impact on the architectural profession. Most developments remain in university based research labs where they are used as teaching instruments in CAD courses or less often in design studios. While there are many reasons for this lack of dissemination, including a reluctance on the part of the architectural profession itself, the primary obstacles deal with difficulties in explicating design knowledge, representing this knowledge in a manner that can be used for design, and providing an intuitive and effective user interface, allowing the designer to easily use the tool for its intended purpose. This study describes a system that has been developed to address a number of these issues. Based on research findings from the field of Artificial Intelligence which expounds on the need for multiple techniques to represent any complex area of knowledge, we have selected a particular approach that focuses on multiple techniques for design representation. We review this approach in depth by considering its many facets necessary when implementing a knowledge-based system. We then partially test the viability of this approach through a small case study, implementing a knowledge-based system for designing stairs. While this effort only deals with a small part of the total design process, it does explore a number of significant issues facing the development of computer-based design assistants, and suggests several techniques for addressing these concerns.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	50ce
authors	Baker, R.
year	1993
title	Designing the Future: The Computer Transformation of Reality
source	Thames and Hudson, Hong Kong
summary	A coffee table book on computer applications? Well, yes, because it does deal largely with matters of graphic design in architecture, fashion and textiles, painting, and photography; but it also has items which might be of interest in its sections on digital publication, typography, and electronic communication in general. It also seeks to discuss the way in which these applications may force us to change the way we think. Robin Baker writes in an unfortunately stiff and abstract manner about the impact computer programmes have had on the world of art and design, but the graphic images and extended picture captions help to keep the reader awake - even though the main text sometimes disappears for two or three double page spreads on end. There are also smatterings of pretentious art-world-speak about 'solving certain spatial problems' (in the design of curtain fabrics or teapots) and the introduction (inevitable?) of new jargon: 'shape grammar'(a list of so-called shape 'rules'), 'repurposing' (putting somebody else's work to new use) and 'genetic algorithms' (sculptural designs based on re-processed organic shapes - most of which look like stomach tumours). In his favour, Baker very generously credits students and commercial designers who have produced the effects he describes and illustrates so well. For writers, he sketches in the possibilities of Hypertext and Hypermedia and points to the future of Hyper publishing which he (and Rupert Murdoch)believes will be with us before the end of the century. He seems to have a good oversight of what is possible and practicable - though one wonders how up-to-date the view is when his book may have begun its life anything up to three years ago. He usefully points out that much new technology exists in or drags along with it the forms of earlier periods - so that in an age of electronic communication we still have printed books as a dominant cultural form. Maybe this is as it should be - but Baker makes a persuasive case for the claim that All This is Going to Change.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	a336
authors	Calvo, Charles M.
year	1993
title	SOME EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONCERNS REGARDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACHES TO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - A RENEWED AGENDA
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1993.155
source	Education and Practice: The Critical Interface [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-02-0] Texas (Texas / USA) 1993, pp. 155-162
summary	It has been noted that designers - when confronted with computers - have, by and large, refused to accept the introduction of apparently new design methodologies, and it has been speculated that this is the result of a failure of those methodologies to address the cognitive processes which take place in the course of designing. This position is somewhat suspect in that such innovations as computer-aided drafting -which also fail to recognize these processes have been widely accepted. It is perhaps more likely that the lack of acceptance results from a perception on the part of designers that the new methodologies either do not reflect some or all of those concerns that designers consider fundamental to design, or that they actively interfere with the designer's ability to accomplish what he/she sees as the goals of design. Given that the application of artificial intelligence and related work to architecture is still in its infancy, all of this suggests the need for a reassessment of the role of computing in design in order to clarify and strengthen those roles deemed appropriate. Two approaches to the integration of artificial intelligence and knowledge-based systems into architectural design practice are currently dominant. One attempts to create systems which can on their own produce designs, the other provides intelligent support for those doing design. It was, in part, the recognition of limitations in the ability of traditional CAD systems and building modelers to reflect what designers actually do that led to explorations into the idea of intelligent assistants. Development of such assistants was aided by research into the act and process of design through protocol and other studies. Although some work is currently being done in the development of artificial intelligence and knowledge based applications in architecture, and work continues to be done on the study of design methodologies, the bulk of available information in each of these areas remains in the realm of design disciplines related to but outside of architecture and do not reflect the explicit role of architectural design in the embodiment and expression of culture. The relationship of intelligence to culture has resulted in some skepticism regarding the ultimate capacity of neural nets and symbolically programmed computers in general. Significant work has been done questioning the rational tradition in computer development for its failure to address phenomena which are not easily subject to scientific analysis. Further skepticism regarding the role of artificial intelligence and knowledge-based or expert systems in architectural design has been emerging recently. Such criticism tends to focus on two issues: the nature of drawing as an activity which involves both the generation and interpretation of graphic artifacts, and the nature of the human designer as an active agent in the design process.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	97e7
authors	Carter, K.
year	1993
title	Computer aided design: back to the drawing board
source	Proc. of Creativity and Cognition, Loughborough, April
summary	This paper argues that the role of Computer Aided Design (CAD) should be to enhance and extend paper-based working, rather than to replace it. Current CAD tools are little used in the early stages of designing. Paper is heavily used, with its physical properties supporting work practices that are not possible with CAD. This paper presents implications for the design of new computer-based tools drawn from observations of designers' work practices. A new system is described that integrates paper-based and computer-based working in the same physical space and supports the application of computation to images on paper.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ecaade2022_368
id	ecaade2022_368
authors	Das, Avishek, Brunsgaard, Camilla and Madsen, Claus Brondgaard
year	2022
title	Understanding the AR-VR Based Architectural Design Workflow among Selected Danish Architecture Practices
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.381
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 381–388
summary	Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been proposed to be additional architectural design mediums for at least 25 years (Dagit, 1993). Despite rapid technical and technological development, it has not been adopted into architectural design practices as compared to academia and research. Surveys from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and Royal Institutes of British Architects (RIBA) demonstrate the state of architectural practices; 72% of architects and 65% of architects respectively are not using any kind of virtual, augmented, or mixed reality in their practices(RIBA and Microsoft, 2018; Hampson, 2020). In this paper, the authors investigate the state of practices, issues, challenges, and opportunities of the utilization of virtual, augmented, and mixed realities in six architectural practices in the Danish context. Three of the practices are large architectural practices, one medium-sized practice specializing in institutional, healthcare and cultural architecture, and one firm designing private family houses, kindergartens, daycares and places for people with disability and, one experimental design studio. All these practices have used VR/AR in their projects to various degrees. In recent years Danish architectural practices have been involved in various VR/AR-based exhibitions, demonstrations, and tool developments to promote the usage of the same in design practice. Through a set of qualitative interviews with personnel from key architectural practices, the authors would like to demonstrate the present state of practices. The investigation explores the usage of VR and AR in Danish architecture practices by identifying challenges and opportunities regarding skill levels, architectural typology, use cases, toolchains, and workflow and shows similarities and differences between traditional and VR-based design processes. The main findings show how VR/AR-based visualization helps architects to perceive spatiality and also ushers creativity through immersion and overlays.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Architectural Design Practice, Denmark
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	eaea2005_000
id	eaea2005_000
authors	Dechène, Sigrun und Manfred Walz (Eds.)
year	2006
title	Motion, E-Motion and Urban Space
source	Proceedings of the 7th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN-10: 3-00-019070-8 - ISBN-13: 978-3-00-019070-4, 260 p.
summary	Simulating the development and the image of architecture and urban design means to show how the environment of the future and the living conditions could develop. At the same time it is part of our task to explain our work to local people and to the public and to passion skills in methods, instruments and knowledge in planning to the next generation of architects, planners and last but not least to discuss and to renew them once more for ourselves. Our aim was also to reflect what we have done since starting the look through the key-hole of endoscopy. Meanwhile this look has been completed since the beginnings in 1993 much more by computer and monitor. It is not the question to take the endoscope or the computer as a methodical and instrumental approach. Nowadays we normally decide to take the endoscope and the computer. In preparing the conference and the workshop we thought that this should now also be the moment not only to inform each other and the participants on methods, tools and best practices in simulating and designing the environment but also to focus on the social and human consequences of perception, movement and use the present urban spaces and the urban space in future. So we proposed the theme “MOTION, E-MOTION and URBAN SPACE” and we invited a scientific expert in experimental psychology to give us some serious reflections and one or another hint on our research themes and methods. The contributions and discussions in the conference showed that the proposal has not only been accepted but has also been completed and enriched especially concerning the theme urban space, it’s processes of usage and it‘s atmosphere. Also in the themes of endoscopy and the research on modelling urban spaces and architecture, meanwhile nearly “traditional” ones, remarkable results were presented and discussed. A very important point of contributions and the following discussions was how to present our subjects to the interested public and to improve our own internal exchange. An object could be to enforce the research tasks in researching together even more.
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	c31c
authors	Fantacone, Enrico
year	1993
title	Environmental Compatibility and Computer Aided Decision MakingRelated to the Third University in Rome: An Integrated Application of Several Methods
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.j1x
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	The EC Human Capital and Mobility Project, has allowed collaboration between Universita' di Roma .'La Sapienza", and University of Strathclyde (Glasgow), on a research programme developed by the author. The research consists on an integrated application of assessment methods that will allow designers, planners, and public administrators to operate on defined rules, to evaluate "a priori" the designing and planning parameters. The new integrated operating method, could be used for the elaboration of developing urban plans, or even for public design competition assessment.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	e00f
authors	Harfmann, A.C., Majkowski, B. and Chen, S.S.
year	1993
title	A Component-Based Approach to Building Product Representation and Design Development
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 437-452
summary	This paper presents the development of the component-based approach for building product representation and suggests its appropriateness for incorporation at any stage in the design process. The efforts focus on resolving the conflicts that arise when the common denominator of component level representation in utilized throughout the process of designing a building.
keywords	Component-Based Modeling, Component Modeling; Product Models; Building Models, Object-Oriented Modelling, Relational Databases
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	f485
authors	Kolarevic, Branko Radomir
year	1993
title	Geometric Relations as a Framework For Design Conceptualization
source	Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
summary	This study introduces geometric relations as a framework for design conceptualiza-tion-its key premise is that nothing is more fundamental in design than formation and discovery of relationships. The study attempts to establish a formal model for the development of a dynamic computer based graphic environment for design conceptualization that can recognize, record and maintain geometric design relations, merge "depictive" and "propositional", explicit and implicit in design, and provide a qualitatively different way to explore shape, dimension, and geometric organization. The study presents an approach to this task of formalization, and explores some of the fundamental issues pertinent to the subject, such as computability and applicability to the task of designing.Specifically, the study explores a relational description of shapes based on the concept of regulating or construction lines as an explicit formulation of a strategy to form generation and creative discovery, and proposes a lexicon of geometric relations to serve as a basis for composition. It hypothesizes that the construction lines can become much more useful and interesting when they are used not just as a rigid skeleton, but to regulate the behavior of a drawing and to maintain its essential structure as its parts are manipulated. As a consequence, designers could structure the behavior of the object being designed under future transformations; drawings could become seman-tically charged and could be manipulated in a semantically sophisticated fashion.The first chapter places the issue in the broader context by arguing that designers form implicit relational models of their designs. This contention is supported by introducing some of the relevant literature on mental imagery. Second chapter introduces design relations and in particular geometric relations, as a focal point of this study. A dynamic computer -based graphic context for design conceptualization is presented and evalu-ated in the next two chapters and conclusions are drawn. In the third chapter, the model's computability is demonstrated and evaluated through ReDRAW, a limited implementation of a relations based graphic system. In the fourth chapter, the model's applicability in design conceptualization is discussed and supported by examples.
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/academic/asp/ddes/thesis_titles.html
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	6499
authors	Lintl, C., Economides, D., Hesse, M., Langenbahn, V., Roth, S. and Brack, C.
year	1993
title	CAD Education at Munich
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.t7f
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	We are stressing the idea that a combination of learning CAD and developing a design- work will hardly lead to success. It is first important to learn the principle handling of CAD - only then a reasonable application can work out. Our pupils have the chance of comparing, Iearning and working on several different CAD-systems with different philosophies and purposes, so the interested students have the opportunity to choose a tool that fits their working-habits and their designing-methods. Out of an overall number of 200 students of architecture each semester about 150 are willing to participate in the CAD- curriculum. 100 will be left after the low-level introductions and exercises, done with the standard: AutoCAD - these students than have a basic idea of construction with computers. Those students who are going into details are deepening there skills to an extent where any experiment is feasible. It is hard work to get to this perfection.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4a5f
authors	Liu, Yu-Tung
year	1993
title	Recognizing Emergent Subshapes in Design Problem Solving: A Connectionist Investigation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1993.131
source	Education and Practice: The Critical Interface [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-02-0] Texas (Texas / USA) 1993, pp. 131-139
summary	Human problem-solving behavior has been modelled as a search through the space as defined as problem states, within which earlier states move to subsequent ones by applying rules in the human mind until the goal state is found. This cognitive model of problem-solving has been broadly accepted and has become dominant in both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). In the field of computeraided architectural design (CAAD), search models are also widely used for solving design problems, although various foci of design knowledge are differently represented by shape grammars, graphs, and knowledge-based systems using predicate logic for different purports. In design search, design evolves from one state to another by exhaustively or heuristically applying proper rules. Each rule application involves, first, pattern-matching the antecedent of a rule to the current state and, second, transforming the matched portion of that state into the consequence of the rule. However pattern-matching techniques of current CAAD systems are still limited. In current CAAD systems, only those two squares can be dealt with by patternmatching for further development. However, a human designer can effortlessly recognize not only those two but other emergent subshapes, for example a smaller square in the middle where the two squares overlap and two L-shapes in the corners. Therefore a human designer can thoroughly deliberate all these alternatives before making a decision. In other words, human designer is capable of restructuring shapes in terms of emergent subshapes in any step of designing.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ddss9215
id	ddss9215
authors	Mortola, E. and Giangrande, A.
year	1993
title	A trichotomic segmentation procedure to evaluate projects in architecture
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture (Proceedings of a conference held in Mierlo, the Netherlands in July 1992), ISBN 0-7923-2444-7
summary	This paper illustrates a model used to construct the evaluation module for An Interface for Designing (AID), a system to aid architectural design. The model can be used at the end of every cycle of analysis-synthesis-evaluation in the intermediate phases of design development. With the aid of the model it is possible to evaluate the quality of a project in overall terms to establish whether the project is acceptable, whether it should be elaborated ex-novo, or whether it is necessary to begin a new cycle to improve it. In this last case, it is also possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the possible actions and strategies for improvement. The model is based on a procedure of trichotomic segmentation, developed with MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Aid), which uses the outranking relation to compare the project with some evaluation profiles taken as projects of reference. An application of the model in the teaching field will also be described.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	078e
authors	Papazian, Pegor
year	1993
title	Incommensurability of Criteria and Focus in Design Generation
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 111-125
summary	An approach to developing design systems is presented, informed by the recognition that design criteria are incommensurable. The degree to which an artifact satisfies one criterion cannot be compared to the degree to which it satisfies another. Given this principle, it is not valid to combine different "scores " given to independent features in an evolving design into a global evaluation function. The design framework proposed here represents an alternative to the traditional approaches for combining independent criteria and organizational principles. It is based on the opportunistic nature of designing, the multiplicity of semantics active in a design session, and the dynamics of focus and distraction. By way of illustrating both this characterization of designing and the abstract computational framework on which it is based, a simple system for arranging blocks according to a set of formal massing principles is presented. The massing generator has some important properties that other systems lack, such as dynamism, robustness and the ability to deal with partial designs. Through a comparison with some artificial intelligence methods such as production systems and search, the proposed framework is used as a guideline for developing design systems. This paper focuses on designing as an activity, rather than engaging in an analysis of finished designs with the hope of capturing their syntactic properties. Thus the stress is placed on the generator's behavior, by giving examples of how it converges on a series of design alternatives in a dynamic fashion, avoiding oscillations and blocks.
keywords	Design, Criteria, Opportunism, Focus, CAD
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	c995
authors	Smets, G., Gaver, W.W., Overbeeke, C. and Stappers, P.
year	1993
title	Designing in Virtual Reality: Perception-Action Coupling and Form Semantics Short Papers (Talks): Visual Languages and Virtual Reality
source	Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems -- Adjunct Proceedings 1993 pp. 11-12
summary	In this paper, we describe work on a CAD package we are developing for use in virtual reality. Although this research is only preliminary, it demonstrates some advantages of designing in virtual reality. We describe these advantages in terms of ecological approach to perception, focusing on two of the implications of this approach: the role of perception-action coupling in producing true direct manipulation, and the desirability of providing perceptual information about the affordances of objects in the design environment.
keywords	Virtual Reality; Ecological Approaches
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	4825
authors	Van Bakel, A.P.M. and Daru, R.
year	1993
title	CAADidactics - An Instrument for Tuning CAAD Systems to Student Styles
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.j4l
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	This paper discusses the features of an instrument for tuning CAAD systems to student styles implemented in the authoring shell Authorware Professional (1989). This application enables students and teachers to evaluate the design progress. It also makes it possible to assess their preferences with respect to their working styles (Subject style) and style preferences in terms of the product style (Object style) in different stages of the design curriculum. The availability of this information enables teachers to adapt their didactical approach to their students. The progress they make during design education can be evaluated by looking at the process documentation as well as by looking at the product documentation generated by the application. This makes the students conscious of their own preferences and affinities. It is up to the student and the teacher whether they want to enhance or compensate those preoccupations. The documented information of previous design sessions can also be used as a guide system for further development and adaptations in styles of design and designing. In the design studio this style knowledge can also be used to establish adequate and workable design teams. Some of the features discussed in this paper are already implemented in a small prototype application. The prototype application will be presented and discussed. Other features will be implemented in the near future.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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