Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cad5
authors	Coyne, R.F., Flemming, U., Piela, P. and Woodbury, R.
year	1993
title	Behavior Modeling in Design System Development
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 335-354
summary	We describe the development approach for a software environment to support the early phases in building design called SEED. The combination of capabilities offered by SEED to designers is novel and includes the integrated handling of solution prototypes. We give the reasons for using an object-oriented software engineering approach in the development of the system, which starts with a comprehensive behavioral model of the system from the user's perspective based on actors and use cases. We illustrate results from the first development phase and sketch the next phases. At the time of the CAAD Futures '93 conference, we will be able to report our experience in developing a first system prototype and to demonstrate the prototype.
keywords	Object-Oriented Software Engineering, Integrated Design Systems, Architectural Programming, Schematic Layout Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:24

_id	ddss9207
id	ddss9207
authors	Gauchel, J., Hovestadt, L., van Wyk, S. and Bhat, R.R.
year	1993
title	Modular building models
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture (Proceedings of a conference held in Mierlo, the Netherlands in July 1992), ISBN 0-7923-2444-7
summary	The development and implementation of a modular building model appropriate for computer aided design is described. The limitations of a unified building model with regard to concurrence and complexity in design is discussed. Current research suggests that to model real-world complexity, one must trade centralized control for autonomy. In this paper we develop a modular approach to building modelling that is based on object-oriented autonomy and makes it possible to define these models in a distributed concurrent manner. Such a modular and autonomous implementation brings inherent uncertainty and conflict which cannot be determined a priori.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	e3d3
authors	Gudna , François and Zreik, Khaldoun
year	1993
title	Analogy, Exploration and Generalization: Three Activities for Knowledge-Based Architectural Design Systems
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 255-272
summary	We propose in this article a system architecture based on reasoning through analogy with past cases or situations. Starting with a project and a sketch provided by the user, the system locates analogous situations in the past and uses these to improve a problem's description. A sufficiently improved description will in turn activate a constraint-satisfaction mechanism. Previous situations are stored in a memory bank of objects that match the description of past problems to the generic descriptions of past solutions. Three mechanisms can be distinguished within the system: an analogy mechanism collects hypotheses about the variables and constraints to be satisfied in past situations, an exploratory mechanism searches through the solution space, a generalizing mechanism looks at experiences and memorizes only what is needed to collect hypotheses.
keywords	Knowledge-Based System, Case-Based Reasoning, Constraints Satisfaction, Explanation-Based Learning, Object-Oriented Representation
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	e00f
authors	Harfmann, A.C., Majkowski, B. and Chen, S.S.
year	1993
title	A Component-Based Approach to Building Product Representation and Design Development
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 437-452
summary	This paper presents the development of the component-based approach for building product representation and suggests its appropriateness for incorporation at any stage in the design process. The efforts focus on resolving the conflicts that arise when the common denominator of component level representation in utilized throughout the process of designing a building.
keywords	Component-Based Modeling, Component Modeling; Product Models; Building Models, Object-Oriented Modelling, Relational Databases
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	37b2
authors	Johansson, P.
year	2000
title	Case-Based Structural Design - using weakly structured product and process information
source	Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Steel and Timber Structures, Publ. S 00:7, Göteborg
summary	Empirical knowledge plays a significant role in the human reasoning process. Previous experiences help in understanding new situations and in finding solutions to new problems. Experience is used when performing different tasks, both those of routine character and those that require specific skill. This is also the case for structural designers. Over 50% of the work done by the designer on a day-to-day basis is routine design that consists of modifying past designs (Moore 1993). That is, most of the design problems that the designer solves have been solved before, in many cases over and over again. In recent years, researchers have started to study if cases (information about specific problem-solving experiences) could be used as a representation of experiential knowledge. Making use of past experience in the form of cases is commonly known as Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). A requirement for Case-Based Design (Case-Based Reasoning applied in design) to be successful is that the design information is computerized. One information type used in structural design that is starting to become computerized is the one in design calculation documents. Such information is weakly structured (which holds for much of the information representing experience) and it contains both product and process information. In this thesis it is shown how the weak structure of this information can be used to subdivide it into components, which in turn makes it possible to apply the object-oriented abstraction principles also to this kind of information. It is also shown how the detailed design process can be represented and how this representation can facilitate automatic acquisition, retrieval of relevant old design information, and adaptation of this information. Two prototypes BridgeBase and ARCADE have been developed, where the principles described above are applied. Using ARCADE, the more general of these two prototypes, it is presented how information in computerized design calculation documents, gathered from real projects, can serve as containers and carriers for both project information and experience. The experience from the two prototypes shows that Case-Based Design can be usable as a tool for structural engineers.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	48ee
authors	Paoluzzi, A., Pascucci, V. and Vicentino, M.
year	1993
title	PLASM Functional Approach to Design: Representation of Geometry
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 127-141
summary	PLASM (the Programming Language for Solid Modeling) is a solid-modeling-oriented design language strongly inspired by the functional language FL. In a PLASM environment, every geometrical object is generated by evaluating a suitable language expression which produces a polyhedral solid model. The language adopts a dimension-independent approach to geometry representation and algorithms. The generated objects are always geometrically consistent since the validity of geometry is guaranteed at a syntactical level. In fact (a) each well-formed expression is obtained by proper composition of well-formed subexpressions; (b) the evaluation of a well-formed (and polyhedrally typed) expression produces a valid solid model. In this paper, the representation scheme used in the language is given and some language scripts are shown and discussed.
keywords	Computer-Aided Architectural Design, Variational Geometry, Design Language, Geometric Design, Geometric Modeling, Functional Programming, Complexes, Polyhedra, Convex Cells
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	0c88
authors	Bedell, John R. and Kohler, Niklaus
year	1993
title	A Hierarchical Model for Building Applications
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 423-435
summary	Advanced computer-aided architectural applications must model buildings as multi-level compositions supporting distinct points of view. Hierarchies of encapsulated, autonomous elements can be derived from ISO-STEP's General AEC Reference Model and configured for various applications. For analysis of life-cycle costs, we define a Pyramid of evaluable production steps leading to the final building; for optimization of renovation task schedules, a topological model of access paths and traffic flow. These separate viewpoints can be embedded in a single unifying structure permitting the communication and propagation of changes among its specialized aspects.
keywords	Design Model, Decision Support System, Object-Oriented Data Model, Building Product Model, STEP-GARM
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	f4df
id	f4df
authors	Rosenman, M. A., Gero, J. S. and Hwang, Y-S.
year	1993
title	Representation of multiple concepts of a design object based on multiple functions
source	K. Mathur, M. Betts and K. W. Tham (eds), Management of Information Technology for Construction, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 239-254
summary	Current representatuin schemas for design objects in CAD environments make assumptions regarding particular representations of the design object. In the AEC environemnt, many disciplines are involved, each with its own concept of the design object. Each such concept must be respected and accomodated in any representation. This paper presents the ideas behind the representation of multiple concepts from an underlying description of a design such that the inter and intra-discipline views of that design can be formed dynamically.
keywords	information technology, concewptual modeling, multiple abstraction representation, building design, function
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~john/
last changed	2006/05/27 18:35

_id	4825
authors	Van Bakel, A.P.M. and Daru, R.
year	1993
title	CAADidactics - An Instrument for Tuning CAAD Systems to Student Styles
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.j4l
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
summary	This paper discusses the features of an instrument for tuning CAAD systems to student styles implemented in the authoring shell Authorware Professional (1989). This application enables students and teachers to evaluate the design progress. It also makes it possible to assess their preferences with respect to their working styles (Subject style) and style preferences in terms of the product style (Object style) in different stages of the design curriculum. The availability of this information enables teachers to adapt their didactical approach to their students. The progress they make during design education can be evaluated by looking at the process documentation as well as by looking at the product documentation generated by the application. This makes the students conscious of their own preferences and affinities. It is up to the student and the teacher whether they want to enhance or compensate those preoccupations. The documented information of previous design sessions can also be used as a guide system for further development and adaptations in styles of design and designing. In the design studio this style knowledge can also be used to establish adequate and workable design teams. Some of the features discussed in this paper are already implemented in a small prototype application. The prototype application will be presented and discussed. Other features will be implemented in the near future.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	96a9
authors	Mullet, Kevin and Sano, Darrell
year	1993
title	Applying Visual Design: Trade Secrets for Elegant Interfaces Tutorials
source	Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems -- Adjunct Proceedings 1993 p. 230
summary	Objective: This tutorial is designed to increase the participant's awareness of visual and aesthetic issues and provide practical techniques (not guidelines) for achieving elegant user interfaces, information displays, and data visualisations. The emphasis is on avoiding a number of mistakes seen repeatedly in commercial products. Content: This tutorial will focus on the core competencies or "tricks of the trade" that all visual designers internalise as part of their basic training. The tutorial is organised not along the traditional graphic design specialisations, such as typography or colour, but according to the design goals and familiar problems of real-world product development. Specific content areas will include elegance and simplicity; scale, contrast and proportion; organisation and visual structure; module and programme; image and representation; and style. The communication-oriented design aesthetic seen in graphic design, industrial design, and architecture can be applied very successfully to graphical user interfaces, data displays, and multimedia. Design rules provided will be illustrated with extensive visual examples drawn from the international design communities as well as from the HCI domain.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	98bd
authors	Pea, R.
year	1993
title	Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education
source	Distributed Cognitions, edited by G. Salomon. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press
summary	v Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts... v Intelligence may also be distributed for use in designed artifacts as diverse as physical tools, representations such as diagrams, and computer-user interfaces to complex tasks. v Leont'ev 1978 for activity theory that argues forcibly for the centrality of people-in-action, activity systems, as units of analysis for deepening our understanding of thinking. v Intelligence is distributed: the resources that shape and enable activity are distributed across people, environments, and situations. v Intelligence is accomplished rather than possessed. v Affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of a thing, primarily those functional properties that determine how the thing could possibly be used. v Norman 1988 on design and psychology - the psychology of everyday things" v We deploy effort-saving strategies in recognition of their cognitive economy and diminished opportunity for error. v The affordances of artifacts may be more or less difficult to convey to novice users of these artifacts in the activities to which they contribute distributed intelligence. v Starts with Norman's seven stages of action Ø Forming a goal; an intention § Task desire - clear goal and intention - an action and a means § Mapping desire - unable to map goal back to action § Circumstantial desire - no specific goal or intention - opportunistic approach to potential new goal § Habitual desire - familiar course of action - rapidly cycle all seven stages of action v Differentiates inscriptional systems from representational or symbol systems because inscriptional systems are completely external, while representational or symbol systems have been used in cognitive science as mental constructs. v The situated properties of everyday cognition are highly inventive in exploiting features of the physical and social situation as resources for performing a task, thereby avoiding the need for mental symbol manipulations unless they are required by that task. v Explicit recognition of the intelligence represented and representable in design, specifically in designed artifacts that play important roles in human activities. v Once intelligence is designed into the affordances properties of artifacts, it both guides and constrains the likely contributions of that artifact to distributed intelligence in activity. v Culturally valued designs for distributed intelligence will change over time, especially as new technology becomes associated with a task domain. v If we treat distributed intelligence in action as the scientific unit of analysis for research and theory on learning and reasoning... Ø What is distributed? Ø What constraints govern the dynamics of such distributions in different time scales? Ø Through what reconfigurations of distributed intelligence might the performance of an activity system improve over time? v Intelligence is manifest in activity and distributed in nature. v Intelligent activities ...in the real world... are often collaborative, depend on resources beyond an individual's long-term memory, and require the use of information-handling tools... v Wartofsky 1979 - the artifact is to cultural evolution what the gene is to biological evolution - the vehicle of information across generations. v Systems of activity - involving persons, environment, tools - become the locus of developmental investigation. v Disagrees with Salomon et al.'s entity-oriented approach - a language of containers holding things. v Human cognition aspires to efficiency in distributing intelligence - across individuals, environment, external symbolic representations, tools, and artifacts - as a means of coping with the complexity of activities we often cal "mental." "
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ddss9203
id	ddss9203
authors	Smeets, J.
year	1993
title	Housing tenancy, data management and quality control
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture (Proceedings of a conference held in Mierlo, the Netherlands in July 1992), ISBN 0-7923-2444-7
summary	This paper deals with housing tenancy, data management and quality control. The proposed method is focused on quality characteristics of housing estates in view of rentability risks. It entails a cycle of registration, analysis and implementation of measures. The starting point is the behaviour of the housing consumer in a market-oriented context. The model is framed within theories of strategic management and marketing. Systematic registration and evaluation of consumer behaviour, by means of a set of relevant process and product indicators, can yield relevant information in the four phases of the rental process: orientation, intake, dwelling and exit. This information concerns the way in which the dwelling (characterized by product indicators) fits the needs of the consumer. The systematic analysis of the process and product indicators during the phases of the rental process makes a 'strength-weakness analysis' of housing estates possible. The indicators can be presented in aggregated form by way of a 'rentability index. The 'strength-weakness analysis' steers the intervention in the quality characteristics of housing estates. The possibilities for readjustment, however, are different. The quality control system is not only an early warning system, but also has several other functions: evaluation, planning and communication. The method described here lays a solid foundation for a decision-support system in the area of housing tenancy.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ddss9201
id	ddss9201
authors	Van Bakel, A.P.M.
year	1993
title	Personality assessment in regard to design strategies
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture (Proceedings of a conference held in Mierlo, the Netherlands in July 1992), ISBN 0-7923-2444-7
summary	This paper discusses some preliminary results of several knowledge-acquisition and documentation-structuring techniques that were used to assess the working styles of architects. The focus of this assessment was on their strategic design behaviour. Hettema's Interactive Personality Model (Hettema 1979, 1989) was used to explain and interpret these results. The methods used to acquire the necessary data are protocol analysis, card sorting and interviews. The results suggest that at least three parameters can be used to explain and differentiate the strategic design behaviour of architects. These parameters are S (site-oriented), B (brief-oriented) and C (concept-oriented). A priority hierarchy of these parameters reveals six major distinguishable working styles. These results are captured in a new design model that can be used in data bank implementations.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	4dd6
authors	Bhavnani, S.K., Garrett, J. and Shaw, D.S.
year	1993
title	Leading Indicators of CAD Experience
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 313-334
summary	Current interfaces and help facilities of CAD systems are not designed to respond to a user's performance. To develop such adaptive environments, a better understanding of the indicators of CAD experience is required. This paper discusses the results of studying behavior patterns of different types and levels of CAD users for a specific drawing task. The results show that the type and experience of the CAD user has a clear correlation to the pattern of commands used, the time taken, and the quality of drawing produced. By using the experimental data to train a neural network, the paper demonstrates a connectionist approach for experience assessment. This information, it is proposed, can provide input to an adaptive interface which generates unobtrusive interception to improve the performance of a CAD user. Future experiments to explore the issues of generality and interception are presented.
keywords	CAD user Modeling, Adaptive Interface, Neural Networks
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	b665
authors	Burdea G. and Coiffet, G.
year	1993
title	Virtual Reality Technology
source	Wiley Interscience
summary	This in-depth review of current virtual reality technology and its applications provides a detailed analysis of the engineering, scientific and functional aspects of virtual reality systems and the fundamentals of VR modeling and programming. It also contains an exhaustive list of present and future VR applications in a number of diverse fields. Virtual Reality Technology is the first book to include a full chapter on force and tactile feedback and to discuss newer interface tools such as 3-D probes and cyberscopes. Supplemented with 23 color plates and more than 200 drawings and tables which illustrate the concepts described.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	42ab
authors	Dagit, Charles E.
year	1993
title	Establishing Virtual Design Environments in Architectural Practice
source	CAAD Futures ‘93 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-444-89922-7] (Pittsburgh / USA), 1993, pp. 513-522
summary	This paper attempts to specify the ideal computerized architectural design tool and outlines steps that are being taken to make this ideal a reality. Section 2 offers a user-centered assessment of the way technology is currently implemented in the design professions. Section 3 describes the state-of-the-art in high-end CAAD applications, including computer rendering, walk-through displays, and expert diagnostic sysWins. Section 4 details work in progress at Worldesign, Inc., a virtual worlds systems integration firm, which is developing Virtual Design Environment (VDE) systems.
keywords	Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD), Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE), Virtual Worlds Technology, Visualization, Computer Generated Environments, Computer Modeling, Virtual Reality, Information Systems, Information Design
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	8b38
authors	Do, Ellen Yi-Luen and Gross, Mark D.
year	1998
title	The Sundance Lab- "Design Systems of the Future"
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1998.008
source	ACADIA Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 8-10
summary	The last thirty years have seen the development of powerful new tools for architects and planners: CAD, 3D modeling, digital imaging, geographic information systems, and real time animated walkthroughs. That’s just the beginning. Based on our experience with CAD tools, analysis of design practice, and an understanding of computer hardware and software, we’re out to invent the next generation of tools. We think architects should be shakers and makers, not just consumers, of computer aided design. We started the Sundance Lab (for Computing in Design and Planning) in 1993 with a few people and machines. We’ve grown to more than a dozen people (mostly undergraduate students) and a diverse interdisciplinary array of projects. We’ve worked with architects and planners, anthropologists, civil engineers, geographers, computer scientists, and electrical engineers. Our work is about the built environment: its physical form and various information involved in making and inhabiting places. We cover a wide range of topics – from design information management to virtual space, from sketch recognition to design rationale capture, to communication between designer and computer. All start from the position that design is a knowledge based and information rich activity. Explicit representations of design information (knowledge, rationale, and rules) enables us to engage in more intelligent dialogues about design. The following describes some of our projects under various rubrics.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	c9de
authors	Harfmann, Anton C.
year	1993
title	Component-Based, Three-Dimensional "Working Drawings"
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1993.141
source	Education and Practice: The Critical Interface [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-02-0] Texas (Texas / USA) 1993, pp. 141-151
summary	It is now possible to communicate technical information about a building utilizing accurate threedimensional computer modeling of component assemblies of an entire building for the production of an alternative set of "working drawings." Most assembly illustrations and final appearance can be presented as output from the computer model. The use of these three-dimensional images in the practice of architecture may improve communication between the members of the building design team and, therefore, may improve the overall design integration of the various systems in a building. Additionally, this type of component model construction for the production of technical drawings offers a unique bridge over the gap between the practice of architecture and the teaching of architecture. Rather than teaching students how to "do working drawings," something all practitioners wish the academic institutions did, students would develop the ability to design, integrate, and construct complex three-dimensional assemblies and present them in a variety of ways using the standard sections, layers, view, etc. inherent in any reasonable threedimensional computer based modeling system.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	bdc5
authors	Lehane, A., Wright, D. and Lambourne, E.
year	1993
title	Parallel Modeling: Addressing the Issues of Creative Designing in CAD Environments II. Special Applications
source	Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1993 v.1 pp. 249-254
summary	We postulate that Industrial Designers, in general, solve a given problem by generating a series of proposed solutions to that problem, each proposal, in theory, helps the designer to converge on the ideal solution. Any number of solutions may be under continuous development at any one time and any previous solutions should always be available for appraisal and viewing. The single modeling environment provided in traditional Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems does not support this practice. Thus, CAD systems are primarily used to address the final phases of the design process, such as analysis, visualisation and detailing. This is surely not utilising the full potential of such a powerful design tool. In an attempt to develop a less restrictive working practice for CAD users, we consider a parallel modeling approach. This solution allows the simultaneous development, design and review of a number of computer based solutions.
keywords	Paper Based Design Process; Parallel Modeling; Computer Based Design Process; Sets; Industrial Design; Set Theory; Directed Acyclic Graph; Seed
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	66e3
authors	McCullough, Malcolm
year	1993
title	Interactive Urban Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1993.057
source	Education and Practice: The Critical Interface [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-02-0] Texas (Texas / USA) 1993, pp. 57-68
summary	Visual computing to support urban design will involve a synthesis of geometric modeling, geographic information systems (GIS), and interactive multimedia. Increasingly, CAD is a suitable point of departure for such work. Using such media, this study explores newly practical steps toward a body of media arts expressly for the design, analysis, and communication of urban form.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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