CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ddss9415
id ddss9415
authors Cajati, Claudio
year 1994
title Innovative Expert Systems With Hypertextual User Interfaces: A Special Support for the Building Recovering Project
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary In this paper, first of all a short account on the peculiarity of knowledge in the domain of Architectural and Building Project, particularly in the Building Recovering Project is given. Thatmeans to focus the concept of "degree of authority" of different types of knowledge with regard to project: regulations; specialist literature having in practice the value of self-regulation; technical updating; exemplary design cases; warnings; analysis methods; heuristics; orientating references. Consequently, the different roles of two basic design & decision support systems, that is expert systems and hypertexts, are considered. The former seem to be quite fit for representing information and knowledge linked to a clear "authority", the one of experts in a certain domain; the latter seem to be quite fit for illustrating the interdisciplinary complexity, different historicinterpretations, various analogous references, and so on. Afterwards, the limits of expert systems based on the logic "true-false" are underlined, and the perspective of expert systems based on more sophisticated and appropriate rules and metarules is proposed. At last, the possible structure of such an innovative expert system, with a hypertextual interface, in the domain of Building Recovering Project is exemplified.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id ddss2004_ra-33
id ddss2004_ra-33
authors Diappi, L., P. Bolchim, and M. Buscema
year 2004
title Improved Understanding of Urban Sprawl Using Neural Networks
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 14020-2408-8, p. 33-49
summary It is widely accepted that the spatial pattern of settlements is a crucial factor affecting quality of life and environmental sustainability, but few recent studies have attempted to examine the phenomenon of sprawl by modelling the process rather than adopting a descriptive approach. The issue was partly addressed by models of land use and transportation which were mainly developed in the UK and US in the 1970s and 1980s, but the major advances were made in the area of modelling transportation, while very little was achieved in the area of spatial and temporal land use. Models of land use and transportation are well-established tools, based on explicit, exogenouslyformulated rules within a theoretical framework. The new approaches of artificial intelligence, and in particular, systems involving parallel processing, (Neural Networks, Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent Systems) defined by the expression “Neurocomputing”, allow problems to be approached in the reverse, bottom-up, direction by discovering rules, relationships and scenarios from a database. In this article we examine the hypothesis that territorial micro-transformations occur according to a local logic, i.e. according to use, accessibility, the presence of services and conditions of centrality, periphericity or isolation of each territorial “cell” relative to its surroundings. The prediction capabilities of different architectures of supervised Neural networks are implemented to the south Metropolitan area of Milan at two different temporal thresholds and discussed. Starting from data on land use in 1980 and 1994 and by subdividing the area into square cells on an orthogonal grid, the model produces a spatial and functional map of urbanisation in 2008. An implementation of the SOM (Self Organizing Map) processing to the Data Base allows the typologies of transformation to be identified, i.e. the classes of area which are transformed in the same way and which give rise to territorial morphologies; this is an interesting by-product of the approach.
keywords Neural Networks, Self-Organizing Maps, Land-Use Dynamics, Supervised Networks
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13

_id ee50
authors Campioli, Andrea and Talamo, Cinzia
year 1994
title IPERTEC: Hypertext Information System for Dry-assembled Building Elements
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.b3p
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 239
summary The experience presented concerns the study of advanced information tools for design disciplines teaching. The objectives pursued are: on one hand self-teaching according to methods that go beyond traditional technical manuals and specialized texts and that give a systemic view of the strict connections between technological culture and design poetics; on the other hand assistance during design exercises as far as references assumption and deep analysis of technical and architectural topics are concerned. The result of the research is the information system Ipertec, a hypertext handbook with didactic purposes allowing students to approach executive techniques of dry assembly.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ddss9421
id ddss9421
authors Daru, Roel and Adams, Wim
year 1994
title Matchmaker: An Instrument for Matching Demand for and Supply of Buildings and Revealing Specific Discrepancies
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary To match supply and demand of buildings, various approaches are possible. While artificial intelligenceis favoured by some, we think that a less 'heavy' approach can be more cost and time efficient. The casewe have chosen to exemplify our approach concerns architectural heritage. To match supply and demandwhile at the same time respecting the constraints imposed by cultural heritage, it is necessary to bringthem together and to effectuate feasibility studies in the shortest possible time. The feasibility study shouldbe served by tools allowing the various partners to communicate on the level of the match between them, translated in terms of spatial organisation and building constraints. In the past years, our designmorphology group has developed and tested a graphic-based reordering tool which has been applied to large governmental buildings, both existing and new. The same tool can be used for weighted objectives ranking and evaluation, to have a synthetic view of the combined basic preferences and differences of the involved parties as for example in a jury wise evaluation and ranking of alternative proposals. The proposed tool is the electronic and graphic version of the data and association matrices, which have been for a long time recommended for use in the preliminary phases of design. But as long as these instruments could only be drawn and redrawn on paper they were much too ineffectual and found little real application. The developed tool is connected by sub-routines to a computer aided design package, within which the spatial patterns are translated into plans and attached data bases. The matching takes place in a number of steps. The first is to describe the organisation (the demanding party) as functional units which can be made corresponding with spatial units. The prescription of spatial needs can take place in both quantitative and qualitative manners. The Matchmaker tools offer the possibility of interactive clustering of spatial needs. Another step, which can be taken concurrently, is to describe the monument in spatial units and distance relationships. The input can be generated directly within the matrix, but it is much easier, more self evident and realistic to generate this automatically from the draughted plan. The following step is the input of constraints originating from heritage preservation objectives, expressed in levels of authorised intervention. Again, the Matchmaker tools offer here the possibility of visual clustering of spatial units, their relationships and associated properties. In the next step, the matching takes place. In this step the actual positions, properties and constraints of existing spaces in the monument are compared (and visualised by discrepancies views) to the optimised and clustered spatial needs of the end user. In the following phase, the feasibility in terms of space, building fabric and costs can be appraised. Once a compromise has been attained, preliminary proposals can be designed and laid down in terms of drawings. The spatialdesigns can then again be translated into matrix views and evaluated.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id 6f5d
authors Koutamanis, A., Bridges A.H. and Van Loon, P.P.
year 1994
title C-ad hoc Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.039
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 39-42
summary In the framework of an evolving curriculum we have been developing a series of CAAD exercises aimed at providing the basic knowledge and skills a student needs. The series formed initially a conventional sequence that mapped design stages and corresponded with the gradual development of knowledge and skills. Due to originally practical reasons we are currently relaxing the sequential structure of the CAAD curriculum. This gives us the opportunity to experiment with the integration of the CAAD exercises in the wider design activities of the students, as well as with the structure of the exercises themselves as fully self-contained units.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id 9aa3
authors Michalewicz, Z.
year 1994
title Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs
source Springer-Verlag, Berlin
summary Genetic algorithms are founded upon the principle of evolution, i.e., survival of the fittest. Hence evolution programming techniques, based on genetic algorithms, are applicable to many hard optimization problems, such as optimization of functions with linear and nonlinear constraints, the traveling salesman problem, and problems of scheduling, partitioning, and control. The importance of these techniques is still growing, since evolution programs are parallel in nature, and parallelism is one of the most promising directions in computer science. The book is self-contained and the only prerequisite is basic undergraduate mathematics. This third edition has been substantially revised and extended by three new chapters and by additional appendices containing working material to cover recent developments and a change in the perception of evolutionary computation.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id ca57
authors Reid, Elizabeth
year 1994
title Cultural formations in text-based virtual realities
source University of Melbourne
summary Beginning with an understanding of virtual reality as an imaginative experience and thus a cultural construct rather than a technical construction, this thesis discusses cultural and social issues raised by interaction on 'MUDs', which are text-based virtual reality systems run on the international computer network known as the Internet. MUD usage forces users to deconstruct many of the cultural tools and understandings that form the basis of more conventional systems of interaction. Unable to rely on physical cues as a channel of meaning, users of MUDs have developed ways of substituting for or by-passing them, resulting in novel methods of textualising the non- verbal. The nature of the body and sexuality are problematised in these virtual environments, since the physical is never fixed and gender is a self-selected attribute. In coming to terms with these aspects of virtual interaction, new systems of significance have been developed by users, along with methods of enforcing that cultural hegemony through power structures dependent upon manipulation of the virtual environment. These new systems of meaning and social control define those who use MUDs as constituting a distinct cultural group.
keywords Subject Social Evolution; Virtual Reality; Interactive Multimedia; Internet
series thesis:MSc
email
last changed 2003/02/12 22:37

_id c7aa
authors Sanseverino, Carlo
year 1994
title The Virtual Laboratory: A New Environment for Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.x.u6q
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, p. 218
summary When an Information Laboratory (IL) is designed there are some questions that need to be answered: they concern, for example, the equipment (hardware, operation systems, software...), methodologies (self-education, aided practice, integration between traditional methodologies and new equipment ...) and disciplinary contents to tranfert into a Computer Aided Education laboratory. In consideration of the fact that it appears absolutely necessary to assume equipment and organization together a research is being developed about both the logistic configuration of educational environments and the methodology for education by information medium.

series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ddss9410
id ddss9410
authors Bodum, Lars
year 1994
title Hypermedia-aided GIS in Urban Planning
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary Town planning in Denmark is undergoing major changes from a planning approach focusing on regulation and individual frameworks for town districts, to a planning approach emphasizing the urban characteristics and drawing overall guidelines for planning. At the same time, attention has shifted to urban renewal and urban remodelling. This means that more qualitative data are needed.These new data types such as digital film, are to form part of a future GIS for the town. The digital film will change the impression of what data can profitably be used in a GIS. Even animations and 3D models, which were previously processed with considerable data power can beplayed as digital films. In the course of the next few years, the most ordinary applications will be able to play digital films and together with the progress made in other media, a development towards hypermedia will be a possibility. The paper will give some examples of how this integration may be carried out. In continuation of the preparation of a municipality atlas and in connection with an EC-subsidized urban renewal project, the municipality of Aalborg has chosen to work outa digital catalog which will in time replace the present local planning regulations.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id b110
id b110
authors Abadi Abbo, Isaac and Cavallin Calanche, Humerto
year 1994
title Ecological Validity of Real Scale Models
source Beyond Tools for Architecture [Proceedings of the 5th European Full-scale Modeling Association Conference / ISBN 90-6754-375-6] Wageningen (The Netherlands) 6-9 September 1994, pp. 31-40
summary Space simulation is a technique employed by architects, urban designers, environmental psychologists and other related specialists. It is used for academic and research purposes, as an aid to evaluate the impact that the built environment or that to be built would yield in potential or real users. Real Scale Model is organized as one of the models which represents more reliable spatial characteristics in space simulations. However, it is necessary to know the ecological validity of the simulations carried out, that is the degree in which laboratory results could be taken as reliable and representative of real situations. In order to discover which variables of the model used are relevant so that their perception results ecologically valid in respect to reality, a research has been designed in which simulations of specific spaces are appraised both in real space and in the real scale model. The results of both evaluations were statistically analyzed and it shows no significative differences in psychological impressions between the evaluation of real spaces and real scale model. These ecological validation of the real scale model could be of great use to estimate the validity of the results obtained in spaces simulated in the laboratory.
keywords Model Simulation, Real Environments
series other
type normal paper
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa
last changed 2006/06/24 09:29

_id c5a9
authors Batty, M. and Longley, P.
year 1994
title Fractal Cities - A Geometry of Form and Function
source Academic Press, London
summary Fractal Cities is a pioneering study of the development and use of fractal geometry for understanding and planning the physical form of cities, showing how this geometry enables cities to be simulated through computer graphics. It shows how cities evolve and grow in ways that at first sight appear irregular, but which, when understood in terms of fractals, illustrate an underlying order that reveals their complexity and diversity. The book contains sixteen pages of stunning computer graphics and explanations of how to construct them, as well as new insights into the complexity of social systems. The authors provide a gentle and intelligible introduction to fractal geometry as well as an exciting visual understanding of the form of cities, thus providing one of the best introductions to fractal geometry available for non-mathematicians and social scientists. Fractal Cities can be used as a text for courses on geographic information systems, urban geography, regional science and fractal geometry. Planners and architects will also find that there are many aspects of fractal geometry in this book relevant to their own interests. Furthermore, those involved in fractals and chaos, computer graphics, and systems theory will find important methods and examples that are germane to their work.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id ee23
authors Bille, Pia
year 1994
title A Study of Color
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.185
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 185-190
summary Color courses are traditionally based on exercises carried out with either water color or colored paper. Use of the computer as a tool for teaching color theory and analyzing color in architecture was the topic of a course given at the School of Architecture and Planning at the State University of New York at Buffalo, USA where I was an exchange faculty in the academic year 1993/94. The course was structured into 3 topics: color theory, color perception and application of color.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ddss9428
id ddss9428
authors Erturk, Scvinc and Erturk, Zafer
year 1994
title Historical Background of the Visual Simulation Models in Architectural Design
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary It is well known that every sort of visualization model has its own capacity to represent the reality and designers' concepts of space. To the authors' knowledge, there are very few attempts to measure and compare their relative potential power of presentation. Given this lack of academic studies, it would be necessary to give a historical background on the use of visual models. Basically those tools could be divided into two main types : traditional visula techniques such as drawings , scale models and most advance technological tools ranging from basic slidesand films to recentlydeveloped techniquessuch as relatoscope, and computer aided simulation models. This paper covers the historical background of visual models .
series DDSS
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id ddss9448
id ddss9448
authors Kane, Andy and Szalapaj, Peter
year 1994
title Intuitive Analysis as Mediator Between Concept and Representation
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary Representation in Computer Aided Architectural Design Systems has to date largely focused on the presentation of the end product of design activity, namely the ultimate built form. In thisrespect, 3-dimensional representations traditionally associated with CAAD visualization have relied heavily upon verisimilitude for their efficacy, and have therefore necessitated high levels of dimensional accuracy together with exhaustive description, both of which are absent in the early stages of design formulation. This paper investigates the desired structure of a computational design formulation system which is based, not upon the representation (or presentation) of ultimate form, but instead upon the representation of architectonic ideas resident in the designer's mind, which are central to the organization and generation of proposals. These ideas are of two kinds: conceptual generators, both poetic and architectonic, and the organizational parti or schematic proposals, which embody them. The representation of ideas rather than end form has two primaryobjectives. Firstly, it enables the designer's realization and clarification of concept or parti, and secondly, but most importantly, it enables the designer to critically assess these ideas in relation tothe contextual situation and brief. The computational representation must be structured in a manner which supports the designer's intuitive critical assessment of it, to in turn induce a modification and development of the initial design ideas. Repeated transformation, representation, and intuitive analysis, can then continue in a cyclical manner until an end proposal is achieved. Intuitive analysis, which becomes the mediator between idea and representation, is itself computationally supported by the dual methodologies of comparative and modal superimposition. Superimposition of previous with present representation (either in two or three dimensions)enhances comparative assessment of design developments. Modal analysis, on the other hand, facilitates the superimposition of schematic representations of modes of design thought (circulationpattern with volumetric arrangement, say) in order to intuitively assess their interaction or conflict.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id e533
authors Oxman, Robert and Mantelers, Jo
year 1994
title Design Education in the Virtual Studio
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.152
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 152-160
summary The paper presents an approach to the re-orientation of computational studies in support of the didactic role of the design education program. A definition of computational design studies is proposed which identifies the transfer of explicit design knowledge as one of the functions of this academic field. The concept of design knowledge modeling is introduced as an important component of the knowledge formulation role of computational design studies. A current project is discussed which employs knowledge modeling in a VR system to develop an interactive design environment.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ddss9475
id ddss9475
authors Pollalis, Spiro N.
year 1994
title Visual Databases as Documentation and On-Line Information Systems
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary After the wide-spread use of computers as task processors, either for algorithmic operations, or for advanced interfaces, the emphasis has shifted on computers as communicators. Beyond basic serial communications, computers serve as providers of information, linking organizations and expanding the bounded rational of professionals. Based on the use of computers as communica-tors, a multiplicity of visual databases for architecture have emerged in the recent years. Building on a maturing technology, those databases address different domains of design, either aiming to provide the designers with information for making informed decisions, or aiming to document prior designs. However, a common characteristic of those visual databases is a separation between the design of the database, versus the entering of the critical amount of data that can make the databases useful. While the research has progressed in the designs, and technological problems of data presentation and data transfer have reached workable solutions, most of the efforts have not succeeded yet in providing the critical mass of information that is required to make the use of the databases desirable. Furthermore, this effort seems as having less research interest, while the necessary amounts of data, and especially the updating of those data, makes the task impossible for academic institutions, and requires interorganizational efforts. This paper focuses on the duality of the databases, either as a form of documentation, or as on-line interactive information systems. Based on that distinction, it examines the required technology and the critical success factors of each type, and proposes that these databases add value to design and they have considerable market effects, which will drive their development and diffusion.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id ebb2
authors Proctor, George
year 2000
title Reflections on the VDS, Pedagogy, Methods
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2000.015.2
source ACADIA Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 15-16
summary After having conducted a Digital Media based design studio at Cal Poly for six years, we have developed a body of experience I feel is worth sharing. When the idea of conducting a studio with the exclusive use of digital tools was implemented at our college, it was still somewhat novel, and only 2 short years after the first VDS- Virtual Design Studio (UBC, UHK et.al.-1993). When we began, most of what we explored required a suspension of disbelief on the part of both the students and faculty reviewers of studio work. In a few short years the notions we examined have become ubiquitous in academic architectural discourse and are expanding into common use in practice. (For background, the digital media component of our curriculum owes much to my time at Harvard GSD [MAUD 1989-91] and the texts of: McCullough/Mitchell 1990, 1994; McCullough 1998; Mitchell 1990,1992,1996; Tufte 1990; Turkel 1995; and Wojtowicz 1993; and others.)
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ddss9489
id ddss9489
authors Spreckelmeyer, Kent F.
year 1994
title The Symbolic Dimensions of Workplace Evaluations
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) techniques have been used during the past twenty years in a variety of workplace settings to measure specific occupant responses to the physical dimensions of the office environment. Typically, these measures have been used by environmental researchers and designers to improve instrumental aspects of the workplace, such as increased levels of occupant satisfaction with lighting, temperature, privacy, and office configuration. A growing body of evidence has begun to suggest that while instrumental approaches to workplace evaluation have produced improvements in specific office conditions, overall levels of worker satisfaction and perceptions of the general character of the office setting remain low. It has also been suggested that future pressures for reconfiguring the workplace -- increased use of individual communication technologies, working away from the office setting, rapid and continual changes in working patterns - will exacerbate these negative perceptions of workers. This paper will suggest ways in which POEs can be employed to identify and measure the less tangible aspects of office setting and how this information can be used to enhance the designers ability to address the cultural and social dimensions of the workplace. The central thesis of this paper is that POE theories and research methodologies must be focused on the symbolic dimensions of the workplace (i.e., office image, organizational culture, work purpose) in order to understand the ways in which the environment contributes to specific improvements in worker productivity, health, and satisfaction. Data will be presented from the author's recent POE studies of governmental offices and published supporting material found in Environment and Behaviour and The Journal of Architectu-ral and Planning Research. The author has conducted evaluation and programming studies for a number of private and governmental client groups in both office and health-care settings during the past fifteen years, and he will use evidence from this body of work as well as parallel studies of colleagues to support the thesis of the paper.
series DDSS
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id 22f0
authors Takeda, H. and Nishida, T.
year 1994
title Integration of aspects in design Processes
source Gero J.S. and Sudweeks F. (eds) - Artificial Intelligence in Design 94, Kluwer Academic Publishers
summary In this paper, we discuss dynamic integration of multiple aspects, i.e., integration accomplished according to progress of design. It is not prepared in advance, but created in design processes. Firstly, we introduce our model of design processes that is based on a logical framework. Secondly, we define aspects in the logical framework. An aspect is represented as a tuple of theory and vocabulary in the logical framework. In particular knowledge in analytical aspects is represented as virtual logical theory. Thirdly, we propose integration of aspects by abduction that is another approach than integration of models. Abduction defined with multiple aspects integrates aspects by superposition of hypothesis which is identification of instantiated entities in hypothesis. It also examines connectivity of hypotheses by explanatory coherence. Since superposition of hypotheses and theories used in abduction tell us how aspects are integrated in design, they can contribute to re-organize aspec...
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id 6908
authors Tector, John O. and Thornhill, Cecil M.
year 1994
title Architectural Courseware - A Network Based MuItimedia System for Design Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1994.147
source Reconnecting [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-03-9] Washington University (Saint Louis / USA) 1994, pp. 147-150
summary Architectural Courseware is an interactive system which allows for the creative access of a courserelated multimedia database and the interactive manipulation of that database to enhance design education. This project began as a Teaching Initiative Project supported by the Division of Undergraduate Studies of North Carolina State University, Dr. James Anderson, Dean, and has evolved over two phases. Phase One produced an interactive prototype that explored the requirements and technology of multimedia as a support tool for undergraduate education, specifically for an architecture course in the School of Design, The History of Contemporary Architecture. Phase One was well received by various members of the North Carolina State University: faculty members, the Dean of the School of Design, the directors of the Library and the Computing Center, the Associate Provost for Academic Computing, The Provost, and the Dean of Undergraduate Studies. The Dean of Undergraduate Studies was encouraged by the Associate Provost for University Computing to contribute matching funds for the support of Phase Two of the project. Phase Two focused on a functional implementation of a module of the interactive prototype that could be used by students in the Fall '94 semester to test the effectiveness of the courseware concept.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

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