Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	bf5f
authors	Chen, Xiangping
year	1995
title	Representation, Evaluation and Edition of Feature-based and Constraint- based Design
source	Purdue University
summary	This thesis investigates a general and systematic approach to feature-based and constraint-based design. We combine feature-based design and constraint-based design by globally decomposing a design into a sequence of feature attachments and locally defining and positioning each feature by constraints. Analogous to the concept of high-level programming languages, we formalize a layered design model that eliminates the dependency of a design representation on a solid modeler. With this design model, design intent, such as feature descriptions and constraints, is stored in an unevaluated, modeler-independent design representation while the geometry to which it corresponds is stored in an evaluated, modeler-dependent design representation. The separation essentially relies on a naming and matching schema that converts between a geometric reference and a generic name, and a design compiler that automatically instantiates the unevaluated design representation to an evaluated design representation with respect to a solid modeler. The geometric references for defining feature attributes and constraints are recorded with their generic names in the unevaluated design representation. We propose several techniques for naming geometric entities unambiguously. The design compilation or instantiation involves remapping a generic name back to a geometric reference in the selected geometric modeler, solving constraints and implementing feature operations or attachments. Instead of developing a constraint solver for this design compiler, we use an independent and general solver. Feature attachment operations are different from classical Boolean operations in solid modeling. However, we provide a semantics for them that is based on existing operations in solid modeling. The layered design model allows users to edit archived conceptual designs to derive new designs quickly. We investigate the coordination of later features in the unevaluated and modeler-independent representation when a feature is edited and provide a method for editing feature-based and constraint-based design. We also discuss how to extend this work to a commercial feature-based and constraint-based CAD system.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	980c
authors	Gougoudilis, Vasileios
year	1995
title	Hyperwalls or an Application of a Non-deterministic Rule-based System in Interactive Architectural Modelling
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 173-179
summary	This paper presents the architectural modeling as a process of augmenting spatial information; a chain of actions that leads from a sketched idea to the elaborated model. A symbolic constraint solver tool is connected to traditional CAD techniques, as well as to a data representation scheme efficient for architectural elements. The orchestration of the available and added tools allows the designer to ìedit ideasî fast, keeping in mind that different design profiles require adaptive tools to support the varying methodologies. Until the moment that automated design will be both possible and desirable, machines can really shorten the time needed to visualize design ideas in the sense of a handy but non-decisive ìcalculatorî. The discussion is built around illustrated examples from the implemented constraint based modeler.
keywords	Non-Deterministic, Rule-Based System, Architectural Modelling
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/08/03 17:16

_id	ac5e
authors	Hirschberg, Urs and Streilein, André
year	1995
title	CAAD Meets Digital Photogrammetry: Modeling "Weak Forms" for Computer Measurement
source	Computing in Design - Enabling, Capturing and Sharing Ideas [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-04-7] University of Washington (Seattle, Washington / USA) October 19-22, 1995, pp. 299-313
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1995.299
summary	The integration of state-of-the-art photogrammetric methods with the capabilities of CAAD has great potential for a variety of architectural applications. This paper describes the current status of an ongoing research project which aims to develop an easy to use tool for the photogrammetric generation of accurate, reliable and well structured 3D CAAD models of architectural objects. The project adresses the whole range of issues that arise from the digital image acquisition to the data processing, the data integration between photogrammetry and CAAD and the architectural structuring of the geometric data. While also giving a brief overview of the project, the paper concentrates on one central aspect of the system: a method to model what we will define as "weak forms" as the basis for qualitatively controlled computer measurement.
keywords	Digital Architectural Photogrammetry, Constraint-Based Modelling
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	700a
authors	Martini, Kirk
year	1995
title	Hierarchical geometric constraints for building design
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 27 (3) (1995) pp. 181-191
summary	Research and applications in parametric manipulation of geometry through constraints has been applied to the description of individual parts, and to the configuration of rigidparts within an assembly. Manipulating the geometry of an assembly such as a building often requires accounting for interaction between constraints governing shape andthose governing location. Most approaches use a nonhierarchical organization of constraints which makes it difficult to account for interaction of shape and locationconstraints. The paper describes a hierarchical constraint approach and implementation which addresses these issues.
keywords	Geometric Constraints, Assembly Modelling, Building Design
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	ff2e
authors	Paoluzzi, Alberto and Pascucci, Valerio and Sansoni, Claudio
year	1995
title	Prototype Shape Modeling with a Design Language
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 59-75
summary	A programming approach to the rapid prototyping of architectural design is discussed in this paper. This is done with particular reference to the early steps of design development, where a number of preliminary design alternatives should be generated and evaluated. At this purpose we show that the generation of the 3D shape of each design alternative can be automated starting from the 2D layout of plans, sections and elevations. Each such geometric object can be symbolically defined with few lines of code using design variables and constraint operators. The 3D models generated by evaluation of program scripts may then be used as input to standard engineering evaluation methods concerning costs, heat exchanges and structural behaviour.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/08/03 17:16

_id	623e
authors	Arumi-Noe, Francisco
year	1995
title	Algorithm For The Automatic Design Of A Shading Device
source	Computing in Design - Enabling, Capturing and Sharing Ideas [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-04-7] University of Washington (Seattle, Washington / USA) October 19-22, 1995, pp. 233-242
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1995.233
summary	Given that there is a need to shade a window from the summer sun and also a need to expose it to the winter sun, this article describes an algorithm to design automatically a geometric construct that satisfies both requirements. The construct obtained represents the minimum solution to the simultaneous requirements. The window may be described by an arbitrary convex polygon and it may be oriented in any direction and it may be placed at any chosen latitude. The algorithm consists of two sequential steps: first to find a winter solar funnel surface; and the second to clip the surface subject to the summer shading conditions. The article introduces the design problem, illustrates the results through two examples, outlines the logic of the algorithm and includes the derivation of the mathematical relations required to implement the algorithm. This work is part of the MUSES project, which is a long term research effort to integrate Energy Consciousness with Computer Graphics in Architectural Design.
keywords	Energy Conscious Design, Green Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Solar Design, Computer Aided Design
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	c2bd
authors	Belblidia, Salim and Perrin, Jean-Pierre
year	1995
title	Multi-Resolution Rendering of Architectural Models
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 231-239
summary	This paper presents a method for representing complex models with various levels of detail. It is based on a geometric simplification algorithm and is applied to a scene described by a rooted-tree structure. In order to control the restuting image quality and the computation time, we propose two algorithms which allow to choose one representation of the scene.
keywords	Computer Graphics, Image Synthesis, Realistic Rendering, Real-Time Rendering, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	aa01
authors	Butelski, Kazimierz
year	1995
title	On Similarities between the Conventions of Computer Modelling and the Creation of Architectural Form
source	Multimedia and Architectural Disciplines [Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / ISBN 0-9523687-1-4] Palermo (Italy) 16-18 November 1995, pp. 71-74
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1995.071
summary	The following remarks relate to the creation of a geometric representation, which determines the future form of a building. I also discuss the relation between the three main conventions of computer modelling: Constructive Solid Geometry, Boundary Representation, Metagraphics and the currently design methods. For the sake of comparison, I selected three contemporary architects, Zaha Hadid, Arata Isozaki and Rob Krier represent mutually opposed, and also strongly ideological currents in today´s architecture, Arata Isozaki occupies the middle ground.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://dpce.ing.unipa.it/Webshare/Wwwroot/ecaade95/Pag_9.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	07de
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen
year	1995
title	Linking the Virtual to Reality: CAD & Physical Modeling
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 303-311
summary	Using both study models and digital models for schematic design allows us to take advantage of the strengths of each. Models constructed manually benefit from spontaneous juxtapositions and serendipitous interactions with light and gravity. Converting these models into the digital realm allows the computer to take over in areas that it does best: geometric transformation, rigorous analysis, elaboration and co-ordination of details and complexity. As a project develops, CAD/CAM methods can generate forms or components for verifying the virtual representation. The paradigm of porting data to appropriate software tools needs to be extended to exporting out of and into the physical realm. Connecting to models in real space allows us to use senses that are not yet completely addressed by digital models.
keywords	Modeling, Representation, Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	2508
authors	Eggli, L. and Bruderlin, B.D. (et al.)
year	1995
title	Sketching as a Solid Modeling Tool
source	Third Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications. C. Hoffmann and J. Rossignac. Salt Lake City, ACM: 313-321
summary	This paper describes 'Quick-sketch', a 2d and 3d modeling tool for pen based computers. Users of this system define a model by simple pen strokes drawn directly on the screen of a pen-based PC. Lines, circles, arcs, or B-spline curves are automatically distinguished, and interpreted from these strokes. The system also automatically determines relations, such as right angles, tangencies, symmetry, and parallelism, from the sketch input, These relationships are then used to clean up the drawing by making the approximate relationships exact. Constraints are established to maintain the relationships in further editing. A constraint maintenance system, which is based on gestural manipulation and soft constraints, is employed in this system. Several techniques for sketch based definitions of solid objects are provided as well, including extrusion, surface of revolution, ruled surfaces and sweep. Feat ures can be sketched on the surfaces of 3d objects, using the same 2d- and 3d techniques. This way, objects of medium complexity can be sketched in seconds. The system can be used as a front-end to more sophisticated modeling, rendering or animation environments, serving as a hand sketching tool in the preliminary design phase.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	47c7
authors	Fasse, Isabelle and Paul, Jean Claude
year	1995
title	Realistic Rendering and Computer-Aided Lighting Design in Architecture
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 241-255
summary	This paper presents an application of realistic rendering to computer aided design in architecture. The application concerns lighting design of buildings. We describe a library of algorithms which allows the simulation of the light sources emittance, surfaces reflectance/transmittance, and light propagation laws. Our general algorithm can compute a physically based simulation of illumination in complex geometric models and offers the capability to change the inputs without recalculating the entire global physical solution. Since the solution is view independent, hardware graphic accelerations are then used to generate the images. Two industrial experimentations have proved that our system can help designers to evaluate small iterations in the design, as well as compare global alternative solutions. Therefore, design quality improvement can be obtained while saving the costly full scale trials that are necessary when conventional methods are used.
keywords	Computer-Aided Design, Computer Graphics, Synthesis Images, Architectural Design, Lighting Engineering
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/08/03 17:16

_id	cbe2
authors	Fenves, S., Rivard, H., Gomez, N. and Chiou S.
year	1995
title	Conceptual Structural Design in SEED
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- December 1995 -- Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 179-186
summary	Although there are many computer-based tools for analyzing structures whose geometry, topology, and member properties have already been determined, there are very few general-purpose tools to assiststructural designers in synthesizing structural configurations to be subsequently sized, analyzed, and detailed. The comceptual-structural-design submodule of the Software Environment to Support the EarlyPhases in Building Design (SEED-Config) is intended to fill this void. The process starts with a geometric model of the building's massing, a set of functional requirements to be satisfied, and a toolkit oftechnologies capable of generating potential structural system and subsystem alternatives. Structural alternatives can be rapidly generated under designer control to the level of detail desired and evaluated against arange of criteria. Provisions are made to store design cases as well as to retrieve and adapt these to meet new requirements.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	ga0024
id	ga0024
authors	Ferrara, Paolo and Foglia, Gabriele
year	2000
title	TEAnO or the computer assisted generation of manufactured aesthetic goods seen as a constrained flux of technological unconsciousness
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	TEAnO (Telematica, Elettronica, Analisi nell'Opificio) was born in Florence, in 1991, at the age of 8, being the direct consequence of years of attempts by a group of computer science professionals to use the digital computers technology to find a sustainable match among creation, generation (or re-creation) and recreation, the three basic keywords underlying the concept of “Littérature potentielle” deployed by Oulipo in France and Oplepo in Italy (see “La Littérature potentielle (Créations Re-créations Récréations) published in France by Gallimard in 1973). During the last decade, TEAnO has been involving in the generation of “artistic goods” in aesthetic domains such as literature, music, theatre and painting. In all those artefacts in the computer plays a twofold role: it is often a tool to generate the good (e.g. an editor to compose palindrome sonnets of to generate antonymic music) and, sometimes it is the medium that makes the fruition of the good possible (e.g. the generator of passages of definition literature). In that sense such artefacts can actually be considered as “manufactured” goods. A great part of such creation and re-creation work has been based upon a rather small number of generation constraints borrowed from Oulipo, deeply stressed by the use of the digital computer massive combinatory power: S+n, edge extraction, phonetic manipulation, re-writing of well known masterpieces, random generation of plots, etc. Regardless this apparently simple underlying generation mechanisms, the systematic use of computer based tools, as weel the analysis of the produced results, has been the way to highlight two findings which can significantly affect the practice of computer based generation of aesthetic goods: ? the deep structure of an aesthetic work persists even through the more “desctructive” manipulations, (such as the antonymic transformation of the melody and lyrics of a music work) and become evident as a sort of profound, earliest and distinctive constraint; ? the intensive flux of computer generated “raw” material seems to confirm and to bring to our attention the existence of what Walter Benjamin indicated as the different way in which the nature talk to a camera and to our eye, and Franco Vaccari called “technological unconsciousness”. Essential references R. Campagnoli, Y. Hersant, “Oulipo La letteratura potenziale (Creazioni Ri-creazioni Ricreazioni)”, 1985 R. Campagnoli “Oupiliana”, 1995 TEAnO, “Quaderno n. 2 Antologia di letteratura potenziale”, 1996 W. Benjiamin, “Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reprodizierbarkeit”, 1936 F. Vaccari, “Fotografia e inconscio tecnologico”, 1994
series	other
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	695f
authors	Galle, P.
year	1995
title	Towards integrated, intelligent, and compliant computer modeling of buildings
source	Automation in Construction 4 (3) (1995) pp. 189-211
summary	This paper is a survey of current research into computer modeling of buildings. Just as much, however, it is a contribution to a debate on the future of this field of research (and as such expresses the author's opinions, rather than mere facts). It is suggested that more research should be conducted in a top-down "'problem-driven" (rather than in a bottom-up. "technology-driven") manner. As the goal of future research, ten desirable system properties are proposed and grouped together under three headings: integration. intelligence", and compliance. A critical survey of the current state-of-the-art of computer modeling of buildings is given, to assess how far we are from systems with such properties. On that background problems are discussed which are major obstacles to the proposed kind of systems (hence good starting points lot problem-driven research and some ways of approaching these problems are briefly evaluated.
keywords	Computer Modeling of Buildings; Product Modeling: Computer Aided Building Design; Critical Survey; Goal-Setting Debate; Concurrency Control: Integrity Constraint Management; Representation; Complexity of Representations
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 14:47

_id	7c32
authors	Hovestadt,V., Gramberg, O. and Deussen, O.
year	1995
title	Hyperbolic User Interfaces for Computer Aided Architectural Design Short Papers: Drawing, Painting and Sketching
source	Proceedings of ACM CHI'95 Conference on HumanFactors in Cmputing Systems 1995 v.2 pp. 304-305
summary	We present basic ideas and a prototypical implementation of a graphical user interface intended for the architectural design process. The interface integrates CAD-like object manipulation and navigation through large data sets. Navigation and working area are not separated as done in prior work. Geometric transformations produce a deformed but controllable display of the data in the border area of the working window while normal working is possible in the untransformed center. The arrangement allows the user to shift directly from construction tasks to navigation tasks. Data reduction techniques have been implemented in order to reduce the cost of transformation and display.
keywords	Information Visualization; Fisheye Technique; Focus+Context Technique, Interaction
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	7c88
authors	McCullough, Malcolm and Hoinkes, Rodney
year	1995
title	Dynamic Data Sets as Collaboration in Urban Design
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 709-718
summary	Computer applications to urban design involve a distinctively rich hybrid of geometric, geographic, and annotative information. This condition raises opportunities for collaboration, needs for data integration, and examples of the increasing importance of rich datasets as a basis for design work. This paper describes these general issues, provides substantive examples from recent studio work, and demonstrates a specific implementation of software integration. The latter includes a prototypical data interface, translation tables for multimedia linkage, and capacity to work together with a web browser.
keywords	Datasets, Software Integration, Urban Design, Collaborative Work
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	e655
authors	Paoluzzi, A., Pascucci, V. and Vicentino, M.
year	1995
title	Geometric programming: A programming approach to geometric design
source	ACM Transactions on Graphics
summary	This article presents a functional programming approach to geometric design with embedded polyhedral complexes. Its main goals are to show the expressive power of the language as well as its usefulness for geometric design. The language, named PLASM (the Programming LAnguage for Solid Modeling), introduces a very high level approach to "constructive" or "generative" modeling. Geometrical objects are generated by evaluating some suitable language expressions. Because generating expressions can be easily combined, the language also extends the standard variational geometry approach by supporting classes of geometric objects with varying topology and shape. The design language PLASM can be roughly considered as a geometry-oriented extension of a subset of the functional language FL. The language takes a dimension-independent approach to geometry representation and algorithms. In particular it implements an algebraic calculus over embedded polyhedra of any dimension. The generated objects are always geometrically consistent because the validity of geometry is guaranteed at a syntactical level. Such an approach allows one to use a representation scheme which is weaker than those usually adopted in solid modelers, thus encompassing a broader geometric domain, which contains solids, surfaces, and wire-frames, as well as higher-dimensional objects.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	d935
authors	Pasko, A.A., Adzhiev, V.D., Sourin, A.I. and Savchenko, V.V.
year	1995
title	Function representation in geometric modeling: concepts, implementation and applications
source	The Visual Computer, 11 (8) 429-446
summary	Geometric modeling using continuous real functions of several variables is discussed. Modeling concepts include sets of objects, operations and relations. An object is a closed point set of n-dimensional Euclidean space with a defining inequality f x x xn ( , ,..., ) 1 2 0 °Ÿ . Transformations of a defining function are described for the set-theoretic operations, blending, offsetting, bijective mapping, projection, Cartesian product and metamorphosis. Inclusion, point membership and intersection relations are described. In the implemented interactive modeling system, we use highlevel geometric language that provides extendibility of the modeling system by input symbolic descriptions of primitives, operations and predicates. This approach supports combinations of representational styles, including constructive geometry, sweeping, soft objects, voxel-based objects, deformable and other animated objects. Application examples of aesthetic design, collisions simulation, NC machining, range data processing, and 3D texture generation are given.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	c65a
id	c65a
authors	Sanly, Suzan and Saglamer, Gulsun
year	1995
title	An Architect/An Architectural Language and A Shape Grammar
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 453-467
summary	Every architect, whose goal is to create valuable artifacts, should own a unique architectural language. This language is composed of a vocabulary and a set of grammar rules to combine them. In this study, a number of ground and first floor plans of single family houses designed by an individual architect are analyzed. Plan lay-outs are decomposed into their components, and the composition rules are examined. Vocabulary elements, and geometric and semantic relationships among these elements are specified and a shape grammar is formed. Finally, different design possibilities are generated in terms of the defined language rules.
keywords	Architectural Language, Shape Grammar
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/09/01 15:35

_id	e092
authors	Streilein, André and Hirschberg, Urs
year	1995
title	Integration of Digital Photogrammetry and CAAD: Constraint-Based Modelling and Semi-Automatic Measurement
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 35-47
summary	The integration of state-of-the-art photogrammetric methods with the capabilities of CAAD has great potential for a variety of architectural applications. This paper describes the current status of an ongoing research project which aims to develop an easy to use tool for the photogrammetric generation of accurate, reliable and well structured 3D CAAD models of architectural objects. The system essentially consists of a standard CAAD package to which additional functionality was added and a Digital Photogrammetry Station (DIPS), providing semi-automatic computer measurement. The paper concentrates on two main issues in the design of the system: the data-integration and the CAAD-based 3D feature extraction. The data-integration is achieved using a knowledge-base. On top of an adequate data-transfer between the two systems this knowledge-base enables constraint-based modelling in CAAD and qualitatively controlled measurement in DIPS. In the section about Digital Photogrammetry we describe the 3D feature extraction procedure in detail and point out how the qualitative control can be achieved. A practical example is used to illustrate the performance of the system.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/06/10 12:12

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