Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	6ec6
authors	Alsayyad, Nezar, Elliott, Ame and Kalay, Yehuda
year	1996
title	Narrative Models: A Database Approach to Modeling Medieval Cairo
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.247
source	Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-05-5] Tucson (Arizona / USA) October 31 - November 2, 1996, pp. 247-254
summary	This paper explores the use of three-dimensional simulations to investigate transformations of urban form in medieval Cairo, and lessons about using computers to support historical visualization. Our first attempt to create a single extremely detailed model of Cairo proved unworkable. From this experience we developed a database approach to organizing modeling projects of complex urban environments. The database consists of several complete models at different levels of abstraction. This approach has three advantages over the earlier one: the model is never viewed as incomplete, the framework supports both additive and subtractive chronological studies, and finally, the database is viewed as infinitely expandable. Using modeling software as a tool for inquiry into architectural history becomes more feasible with this new approach.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	62c0
authors	Barrallo, Javier and Iglesias, Alberto
year	1996
title	Cybersculpture
source	Approaches to Computer Aided Architectural Composition [ISBN 83-905377-1-0] 1996, pp. 35-43
summary	From the first artistic expressions of mankind, the Mathematics has influence the shapes and proportions presents in the different artistic disciplines. The coming of Abstract art and modern Mathematics at the beginning of the century supposed a complete renovation of the way of understand the relationship between Mathematics and Art, reinforced by the huge expansion of computers nowadays. Chaos Theory or Fractal Geometry constitute examples of this tendencies, that normally are expressed in the two dimensional plane. The idea of this work consists on the utilisation of a series of elements from the contemporaneous Mathematics to express them in an artistic way in the three dimensional space. The result is a family of objects that we have called CYBERSCULPTURES, due to their sculptural character and the fact that they have Internet as their virtual museum.
series	other
last changed	1999/04/08 17:16

_id	c872
authors	Beliveau, Y.J., Fithian, J.E. and Deisenroth, M.P.
year	1996
title	Autonomous vehicle navigation with real-time 3D laser based positioning for construction
source	Automation in Construction 5 (4) (1996) pp. 261-272
summary	Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are a way of life in manufacturing where navigation can be done in a structured environment. Construction is an unstructured environment and requires a different type of navigation system to deal with three dimensional control and rough terrain. This paper provides a review of navigation systems that utilize dead-reckoning in conjunction with absolute referencing systems such as beacon-based systems, and vision and mapping based system. The use of a real-time laser based technology is demonstrated as a new form of navigation. This, technology does not rely on dead reckoning. The paper outlines the issues and strategies in guiding an autonomous vehicle utilizing only the laser-based positioning system. Algorithms were developed to provide real-time control of the AGV. The laser based positioning system is unique in that it provides three dimensional position data with five updates per second. No other system can provide this level of performance. This allows for control of end effectors and autonomous vehicles in complex and unstructured three dimensional environments. The use of this new type of navigation makes possible the automation of large complex assemblies in rough terrain such as construction.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	c19c
authors	Beliveau, Y.J.
year	1996
title	What can real-time positioning do for construction?
source	Automation in Construction 5 (2) (1996) pp. 79-89
summary	New technologies are now available that can rapidly measure three-dimensional coordinates of objects. The integration of these fast 3-D Real-time Position Measurement (D-RtPM) devices and CAD (3D-RtPM/CAD) technologies can be viewed as a better tool for surveyors or as a means to change the most fundamental concepts of the construction industry. 3D-RtPM/CAD is a better surveying tool; however, 3D-RtPM/CAD as the basis for fundamental change within the construction industry is the issue.There are several potential technologies that can provide real-time position measurement. This paper will limit presentation to two of these. The first is based on recent developments in Global Positioning Systems. The second is a new laser-based product, OdysseyTM (Odyssey is a trademark of Spatial Positioning Systems, Inc.). Odyssey received the NOVA award in March, 1995 because of its recognized performance enhancement to the construction industry. These positioning systems provide the capability for equipment and crafts people to view the project from a graphical representation in which they see their position interactively updated. Potential benefits to the construction industry are presented. The research needed achieving maximum benefits of these systems is also presented.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	4fee
authors	Chen, Hou I and Liou, Shuenn Ren
year	1996
title	A Configuration-Generating Method Based on a Lattice System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.199
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 199-215
summary	In this paper, I would propose a configuration-generating method: "L grammars”. Relating to Turing machine, cellular automata, tiling problem and Wang tile theory. It is named Lgrammars”. L grammars base on an infinite lattice space (usually a chess-board-like lattice plane) is a bottom-up approach, in which each cell of a lattice system corresponds to a bounded configuration unit. Thus, a lattice plane would corresponds to a configuration union. The power of L grammars is demonstrated by generating various configurations such as fractal images (two dimensional examples) and crystal models (three dimensional examples). Finally, it would be discussed briefly about some interesting issues concerning about L grammars such as the limitations of L grammars.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	2a01
authors	Chernyshova, Nataly A.
year	1996
title	Methods of Modelling and Forming Criteria of Quality Assessment for Three-Dimensional and Spatial of Industrial Buildings
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 37-39
summary	One of the ways to improve design solutions is to make some variants of the design at the early stage of working on it. Such a process can be even more successful when it is based on computer techniques followed by comprehensive assessments of variants. The assessment of 3-dimensional and spatial solutions of industrial buildings is based on two groups of indices- technical and economical indices and the quality ones (criteria). Most of the indices belong to the first group while the second one is rather small. The list of the indices used in the procedure was worked out mainly for the assessment of finished projects and only a small part was worked out for the assessment of draft solutions.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

_id	ae9f
authors	Damer, B.
year	1996
title	Inhabited Virtual Worlds: A New Frontier for Interaction Design
source	Interactions, Vol.3, No.5 ACM
summary	In April of 1995 the Internet took a step into the third dimension with the introduction of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) as a commercial standard. Another event that month caused fewer headlines but in retrospect was just as significant. A small company from San Francisco, Worlds Incorporated, launched WorldsChat, a three dimensional environment allowing any Internet user to don a digital costume, or avatar, and travel about and converse with other people inhabiting the space. WorldsChat was appropriately modeled on a space station complete with a central hub, hallways, sliding doors, windows, and escalators to outlying pods.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	c7d4
authors	Davidson, James N. and Campbell, Dace A.
year	1996
title	Collaborative Design in Virtual Space - GreenSpace II: A Shared Environment for Architectural Design Review
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.165
source	Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-05-5] Tucson (Arizona / USA) October 31 - November 2, 1996, pp. 165-179
summary	Design reviews and discussions are fundamental to the process of design. The ability to digitally represent three dimensional space in real-time is a new and potentially persuasive method for reviewing and analyzing a design proposal. The development of real-time rendering engines and network protocols supporting distributed interaction makes possible the idea of a shared virtual environment for architectural collaboration. This paper presents a system which facilitates the review of an architectural design between multiple participants who are remotely distributed.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	5e49
authors	Deering, Michael F.
year	1996
title	HoloSketch: A Virtual Reality Sketching/Animation Tool Special Issue on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
source	Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1995 v.2 n.3 pp. 220-238
summary	This article describes HoloSketch, a virtual reality-based 3D geometry creation and manipulation tool. HoloSketch is aimed at providing nonprogrammers with an easy-to-use 3D "What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get" environment. Using head-tracked stereo shutter glasses and a desktop CRT display configuration, virtual objects can be created with a 3D wand manipulator directly in front of the user, at very high accuracy and much more rapidly than with traditional 3D drawing systems. HoloSketch also supports simple animation and audio control for virtual objects. This article describes the functions of the HoloSketch system, as well as our experience so far with more-general issues of head-tracked stereo 3D user interface design.
keywords	Computer Graphics; Picture/Image Generation; Display Algorithms; Computer Graphics; Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism; Human Factors; 3D Animation; 3D Graphics; Graphics Drawing Systems; Graphics Painting Systems; Man-Machine Interface; Virtual Reality
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	ebd6
authors	Dobson, Adrian
year	1996
title	Teaching Architectural Composition Through the Medium of Virtual Reality Modelling
source	Approaches to Computer Aided Architectural Composition [ISBN 83-905377-1-0] 1996, pp. 91-102
summary	This paper describes an experimental teaching programme to enable architectural students in the early years of their undergraduate study to explore their understanding of the principles of architectural composition, by the creation and experience of architectural form and space in simple virtual reality environments. Principles of architectural composition, based upon the ordering and organisation of typological architectural elements according to established rules of composition, are introduced to the students, through the study of recognised works of architectural design theory. Virtual reality modelling is then used as a tool by the students for the testing and exploration of these theoretical concepts. Compositional exercises involving the creation and manipulation of a family of architectural elements to create form and space within a three dimensional virtual reality environment are carried out using Superscape VRT, a PC based virtual reality modelling system. The project seeks to bring intuitive and immersive computer based design techniques directly into the context of design theory teaching and studio practice, at an early stage in the architectural education process.
series	other
last changed	1999/04/08 17:16

_id	656d
authors	Donath , Dirk and Regenbrecht, Holger
year	1996
title	Using Virtual Reality Aided Design Techniques for Three-dimensional Architectural Sketching
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.199
source	Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-05-5] Tucson (Arizona / USA) October 31 - November 2, 1996, pp. 199-212
summary	With this paper we would like to introduce a system which supports the early phases of the architectural design process. The system consists of two main components: the software solution "voxDesign" and the physical environment "platform". Our aims are: to formulate, develop, and evaluate an architectural design system through the use of VR (virtual reality) space. The exploration and development of design intentions is supplemented by a new method of three dimensional sketching. In the second part of this paper we will show how these components were used to train students in architecture and design at our university. Parts of this paper were published to the academic public at "Designing Digital Space". (Regenbrecht 1996)
keywords	Virtual Reality, Architectural Design, Human-computer interfaces, Design Techniques
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	diss_fox
id	diss_fox
authors	Fox, M.A.
year	1996
title	Novel Affordances of Computation to the Design Process of Kinetic Structures
source	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
summary	This paper is a discourse into the relationship between the process, computational tools and the role which symbolic structure can play in both. I argue the relationship of the process and tools is dialectic, whereby the tools we utilize in design develop new heuristics, the methodologies in turn, if reflectively understood, can be more aptly facilitated through the development of novel tools. The tools and the process then evolve together. A theory is laid out exploring the human visual information processing systems pertinence to the limitations in mental three-dimensional imaging and transformation operations as relevant to the operations of drawing and mental visualization within the architectural design processes, substantiating the designers necessity to draw (by traditional means, but more importantly here, through the inclusive integration of CAD within the process). The necessity to draw is explored as a representational process to the visual system as predicated upon the existence of a structured internal library of diagram-like representations in our heads. I argue that the ways we utilize such idiosyncratic libraries is predicated upon the ways in which we go about structuring the perceived experienced world around us into symbol systems. And finally, the ways we utilize our reflective understanding of the heuristic transformations of these symbols within the design process in the context of a CAD environment are explored as a means to an enhanced understanding of that which is being designed and consequently as a vehicle for the development of future CAD systems to better facilitate such methodologies of designing. A personal design process of several kinetic structures is carried out in order to arrive at a localized process analysis within computer-aided design environment. Through an interactive, reflective process analysis, conclusions are drawn as to the affordances and limitations of such tools as suggestive of the operations a CAD environment might perform so as to better foster future methodologies of designing. The design experiments are utilized as a vehicle to understand the process. Specifically three kinetic projects are exploited for the prototypical operations they display. When difficulties or mental limitations are encountered with the operations, specific tools are developed to facilitate the limitation or to overcome the problem.
series	thesis:MSc
more	http://www.mafox.net/sm_thesis/Thesis11.pdf
last changed	2003/11/28 07:35

_id	ee14
authors	Fukai, Dennis
year	1996
title	A World of Data: An Animated Construction Information System as a Virtual Hypergraphic Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.267
source	Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-05-5] Tucson (Arizona / USA) October 31 - November 2, 1996, pp. 267-274
summary	This paper describes research on an animated construction information system organized as a hypergraphic virtual environment. The user enters this environment to interact with the information it contains. A matrix of cubes sits as the gateway to an array of data chambers that give this information its virtual form. A mouse click on one of these cubes leads to a three-dimensional interface that is a simulation of the object to be constructed. Reflective-transparent panels surround the simulation and display two-dimensional projections of its pieces. These panels capture projections of slices through the pieces of the object represented by the simulation. Below the zero plane are slices of floor framing, foundation, excavation, utilities, and soil conditions. Above are ceilings, framing, and roofing. To the sides are finishes, wall framing, fixtures, and elevations. This immersive virtual environment extends as an array of data chambers partitioned by the suspended reflective-transparent panels. Pathways around these partitions lead to secondary chambers that contain sub-simulations of the plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems. Design-team members access these chambers to coordinate the document's development, review progress, and make changes to the information system. The result is a WORLD of data where graphic information defines both space and time. This breaks with the notion of a construction document as an object-of-exchange and suggests a new focus for the use of computers in the design and construction process.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	6e6a
authors	Gabova, Mariya
year	1996
title	About Multivariant Designing of Buildings with a Flexible Planning Structure
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 95-97
summary	During designing three-dimensional and spatial structure of the architectural object, computer program has a wide spectre of possibilities allowing to vary its parameters and create effective images for visual presentation. Besides the traditional ways of using the computer in order to perfect the architectural graphic ability during a compositional research, It is also very creative to develop new methods making the design process more effective in finding optimal solutions. The dynamics of social and economic relations in the contemporary society determined the flexibility and mobility of architectural object as a very important, especially for contemporary industrial architecture. The priority direction on this field is designing buildings with flexible planning spatial structure.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

_id	89ca
authors	Garcia, Renato
year	1996
title	Sound Structure: Using Data Sonification to Enhance Building Structures CAI
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.109
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 109-117
summary	Although sound is now extensively used to enrich multimedia applications in the form of simple audio signals, earcons, musical passages and speech, it has unfortunately been under-utilized as a means of data representation. Sound, having many characteristics which enable it to convey multi-dimensional information, provides a broad channel for dynamically presenting data in a learning environment. This paper looks into how teaching concepts of building structures to students of architecture and engineering through computers and multimedia can be enhanced by enlisting the use of appropriate sound parameters. Sound is useful in presenting redundant or supplementary information such as in portraying building structural response to static and dynamic external loading. This process of audiolization, which refers to the use of sounds to present data, can alleviate much of the cognitive load that usually burdens visual displays and has been used to some degree of success in various studies on scientific representation. Where appropriate, audiolization can be synchronized to more established visualization processes to provide more effective multi-modal multimedia systems for the study of building structures.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	b04c
authors	Goerger, S., Darken, R., Boyd, M., Gagnon, T., Liles, S., Sullivan, J. and Lawson, J.
year	1996
title	Spatial Knowledge Acquisition from Maps and Virtual Environments in Complex Architectural Space
source	Proc. 16 th Applied Behavioral Sciences Symposium, 22-23 April, U.S. Airforce Academy, Colorado Springs, CO., 1996, 6-10
summary	It has often been suggested that due to its inherent spatial nature, a virtual environment (VE) might be a powerful tool for spatial knowledge acquisition of a real environment, as opposed to the use of maps or some other two-dimensional, symbolic medium. While interesting from a psychological point of view, a study of the use of a VE in lieu of a map seems nonsensical from a practical point of view. Why would the use of a VE preclude the use of a map? The more interesting investigation would be of the value added of the VE when used with a map. If the VE could be shown to substantially improve navigation performance, then there might be a case for its use as a training tool. If not, then we have to assume that maps continue to be the best spatial knowledge acquisition tool available. An experiment was conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School to determine if the use of an interactive, three-dimensional virtual environment would enhance spatial knowledge acquisition of a complex architectural space when used in conjunction with floor plan diagrams. There has been significant interest in this research area of late. Witmer, Bailey, and Knerr (1995) showed that a VE was useful in acquiring route knowledge of a complex building. Route knowledge is defined as the procedural knowledge required to successfully traverse paths between distant locations (Golledge, 1991). Configurational (or survey) knowledge is the highest level of spatial knowledge and represents a map-like internal encoding of the environment (Thorndyke, 1980). The Witmer study could not confirm if configurational knowledge was being acquired. Also, no comparison was made to a map-only condition, which we felt is the most obvious alternative. Comparisons were made only to a real world condition and a symbolic condition where the route is presented verbally.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	f251
authors	Hui-Ping, T., Veeramani, D., Kunigahalli, R. and Russell, J.S.
year	1996
title	OPSALC: A computer-integrated operations planning system for autonomous landfill compaction
source	Automation in Construction 5 (1) (1996) pp. 39-50
summary	Construction workers and operators associated with sanitary waste landfilling operations face significant health risks because of high levels of exposure to harmful solids and gases. Automation of the spreading and compacting processes of a landfilling operation using an autonomous compactor can reduce exposure of workers to the harmful environment, and thereby lead to improved safety of workers. This paper describes a computer-integrated operations planning system that facilitates (1) the design of landfill cells and (2) the generation of area-covering path plans for spreading and compaction processes by the autonomous compactor. The partitioning of a given landfill site into three-dimensional cells is accomplished by a recursive spatial decomposition technique in which the cell sizes are determined using a probabilistic model for waste generation. A recursive sub-division of each cell into monominoes facilitates the system to automatically deal with any differences between the actual amount of waste generated on a particular day and the amount predicted by the probabilistic model. The partitioned configuration of the landfill site is used to generate the path plan for the autonomous compactor using three motion models, namely straight-up, straight-down, and zig-zag. The computer-integrated system is implemented using PHIGS graphics standard and MOTIF toolkit with C-program binding.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	ae4c
authors	Iodo, Irina A.
year	1996
title	Creation of Architectural Image in Education Process
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 117-120
summary	Process of designing in architecture such as it is nowadays is based on visions (images) of a future objects, two and three dimensional models being created with help of various means and tricks. Those visions are basic Information medium about the features the object being designed, about its functional and aesthetic peculiarities. In those visions worked out by an architect - models of a future object - architect codes in a condensed information of the object. That leads up to the situation in which the created becomes less of a medium in designing process, but its goal.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

_id	e902
authors	Kadysz, A.
year	1996
title	Alternative Space for Creation
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 137-145
summary	What is a computer in the hands of an architect? What it can develop into? This paper is an attempt at determining the main limitations and possibilities of the digital-circuit engineering with regard to the creation of three-dimensional forms. All the limitations seem to have a common reason, namely the user's lack of self-awareness. It is user who decides whether the instrument is just a secondary carrier of information about the designed object or whether it serves as a medium for the creation of three-dimensional designs, an environment for the incubation and presentation of the very idea. The reader will find here some remarks on creation in virtual space as a separate phenomenon of creating forms which are no longer restricted by reality. It presents a global computer network on the threshold of the era of three-dimensional virtual space with unlimited creation possibilities.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

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