Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss2006-hb-187
id	DDSS2006-HB-187
authors	Lidia Diappi and Paola Bolchi
year	2006
title	Gentrification Waves in the Inner-City of Milan - A multi agent / cellular automata model based on Smith's Rent Gap theory
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 187-201
summary	The aim of this paper is to investigate the gentrification process by applying an urban spatial model of gentrification, based on Smith's (1979; 1987; 1996) Rent Gap theory. The rich sociological literature on the topic mainly assumes gentrification to be a cultural phenomenon, namely the result of a demand pressure of the suburban middle and upper class, willing to return to the city (Ley, 1980; Lipton, 1977, May, 1996). Little attempt has been made to investigate and build a sound economic explanation on the causes of the process. The Rent Gap theory (RGT) of Neil Smith still represents an important contribution in this direction. At the heart of Smith's argument there is the assumption that gentrification takes place because capitals return to the inner city, creating opportunities for residential relocation and profit. This paper illustrates a dynamic model of Smith's theory through a multi-agent/ cellular automata system approach (Batty, 2005) developed on a Netlogo platform. A set of behavioural rules for each agent involved (homeowner, landlord, tenant and developer, and the passive 'dwelling' agent with their rent and level of decay) are formalised. The simulations show the surge of neighbouring degradation or renovation and population turn over, starting with different initial states of decay and estate rent values. Consistent with a Self Organized Criticality approach, the model shows that non linear interactions at local level may produce different configurations of the system at macro level. This paper represents a further development of a previous version of the model (Diappi, Bolchi, 2005). The model proposed here includes some more realistic factors inspired by the features of housing market dynamics in the city of Milan. It includes the shape of the potential rent according to city form and functions, the subdivision in areal submarkets according to the current rents, and their maintenance levels. The model has a more realistic visualisation of the city and its form, and is able to show the different dynamics of the emergent neighbourhoods in the last ten years in Milan.
keywords	Multi agent systems, Housing market, Gentrification, Emergent systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ce2c
id	ce2c
authors	McCall, Raymond and Johnson, Erik
year	1996
title	Argumentative Agents as Catalysts of Collaboration in Design
source	Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-05-5] Tucson (Arizona / USA) October 31 - November 2, 1996, pp. 155-163
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.155
summary	Since the 1970s we have created hypertext systems supporting Rittel's argumentative approach to design. Our efforts aim at improving design by encouraging argumentative—i.e., reasoned—discourse during projects. Despite the intrinsically group-oriented character of the argumentative approach, all of our past prototypes were single-user systems. The project reported on here is the first in which we aim at supporting argumentation in group projects. To do this, we augmented our PHIDIAS hyperCAD system to shows how argumentative agents can initiate and sustain productive collaboration in design. These agents catalyze collaboration among designers working at different times and/or places by 1) detecting overlaps in the concerns of different participants in a design process, including conflict and support relationships, 2) notifying these people of these overlapping concerns, and 3) enabling asynchronous communication among these people to deal collaboratively with the overlaps. We call these agents argumentative because they represent different personal and professional viewpoints in design and because they promote argumentative discourse among designers about various issues. In addition to identifying and dealing with crucial problems of coordination and collaboration, argumentative agents enable the capture of important design rationale in the form of communication among project participants about these crucial problems.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	eb87
authors	Bhavnani, S.K.
year	1996
title	How Architects Draw with Computers: A Cognitive Analysis of Real-World CAD Interactions
source	Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture and School of Computer Science
summary	New media throughout history have passed through a period of transition during which users and technologists took many years to understand and exploit the medium's potential. CAD appears to be passing through a similar period of transition; despite huge investments by vendors and users, CAD productivity remains difficult to achieve. To investigate if history can provide any insights into this problem, this thesis begins with an examination of well-known examples from history. The analysis revealed that, over time, users had developed efficient strategies which were based on powers and limitations of tools; delegation strategies exploited powers provided by tools, and circumvention strategies attempted to overcome their limitations. These insights on efficient strategies were used to investigate the CAD productivity problem based on four research questions: 1. How do architects currently use CAD systems to produce drawings? 2. What are the effects of current CAD usage on product and performance? 3. What are the possible causes of current CAD usage? 4. What are the capabilities of the CAD medium and how can they be used efficiently? The above four questions were addressed through the qualitative, quantitative, and cognitive analysis of data collected during an ethnographic study of architects working in their natural environment. The qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed that users missed many opportunities to use strategies that delegated iteration to the computer. The cognitive analysis revealed that missed opportunities to use such delegation strategies caused an increase in execution time, and an increase in errors many of which went undetected leading to the production of inaccurate drawings. These analyses pointed to plausible cognitive and contextual explanations for the inefficient use of CAD systems, and to a framework to identify and teach efficient CAD strategies. The above results were found to be neither unique to the CAD domain, nor to the office where the data were collected. The generality of these results motivated the identification of seven claims towards a general theory to explain and identify efficient strategies for a wide range of devices. This thesis contributes to the field of architecture by providing a detailed analysis of real-world CAD usage, and an approach to improve the performance of CAD users. The thesis also contributes to the field of human-computer interaction by demonstrating the generality of these results and by laying the framework for a general theory of efficient strategies which could be used to improve the performance of users of current and future computer applications.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/04/15 13:36

_id	88f9
authors	Carrara, G., Novembri, G., Zorgno, A.M., Brusasco, P.L.
year	1997
title	Virtual Studio of Design and Technology on Internet (I) - Educator's approach
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.n2w
summary	This paper presents a teaching experience involving students and professors from various universities, in Italy and abroad, which began in 1996 and is still on going. The Virtual Studios on the Internet (VSI) have some features in common with the Teaching Studios planned for the new programme of the faculties of Architecture in Italian universities. These are the definition of a common design theme, and the participation of disciplinary teachers. The greatest difference is in the modes of collaboration, which is achieved through information and communication technologies. The chief result of this is that the various work groups in different places can work and collaborate at the same time: the computer networks provide the means to express, communicate and share the design project.
keywords	CAAD, Teaching of architectural design, Shared virtual reality, Virtualdesign studio, Collective intelligence.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/lvi_i&ii/zorgno.html
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4aaa
authors	Cheng-Che, L., Oloufa, A.A. and Thomas, H.R.
year	1996
title	A GIS-based system for tracking pavement compaction
source	Automation in Construction 5 (1) (1996) pp. 51-59
summary	Compaction is an important operation for improving construction material stability in construction operations such as soils and asphalt pavement. Through the process of compaction, soil strength and stability can be increased to the magnitude required by the design. Quality control is an extremely important concern of State Highway Agencies and contractors. For asphalt pavements, performance and quality are affected by three primary factors: a properly designed mix, drainage, and adequate compaction. These three factors must be performed together to assure quality. For this reason, compaction is considered to be very important in the performance of asphalt pavements. This paper reports on research to develop a system to map the moving compaction equipment, transform this result into a geometrical representation, and to investigate the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to develop a graphical representation depicting the number of coverages. Results are stored in a permanent record that can serve as a historical document.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	ddssar9605
id	ddssar9605
authors	Dijkstra, J., Roelen, W.A.H. and Timmermans, H.J.P.
year	1996
title	Conjoint measurement in virtual environment: a framework
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	Conjoint analysis (also called stated preference analysis) involves the use of designed hypothetical choice situations to measure individuals' preferences and predict their choice in new situations. Conjoint experiments involve the design and analysis of hypothetical decision tasks. Alternatives are described by their main features, called attributes. Multiple hypothetical alternatives (product profiles) are generated and presented to respondents, who are requested to express their degree of preference for these profiles. Conjoint experiments have become a popular tool to model individual preferences and decision-making in a variety of research areas. Most studies of conjoint analysis have involved a verbal description of product profiles, although some studies have used a pictorial presentation of product profiles. This paper describes a framework for a conjoint analysis system in a virtual environment. Product profiles are generated in a virtual environment and respondents are requested to choose in that virtual environment the product profile they prefer. Advantages of a virtual environment in this area of research include 3D presentation, improved experience and the possibility to include measurable attributes such as time and sound. This framework is a first attempt to explore the possibilities of virtual reality systems in conjoint analysis.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	4dcb
authors	Dourish, P., Holmes, J., MacLean, A., Marqvardsen, P. and Zbyslaw, A.
year	1996
title	Freeflow: Mediating Between Representation and Action in Workflow Systems
source	Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW’96, Boston, USA
summary	In order to understand some problems associated with workflow, we set out an analysis of workflow systems, identifying a number of basic issues in the underlying technology. This points to the conflation of temporal and dependency information as the source of a number of these problems. We describe Freeflow, a prototype which addresses these problems using a variety of technical innovations, including a rich constraint-based process modelling formalism, and the use of declarative dependency relationships. Its focus is on mediation between process "and action, rather than the enactment of a process. We outline the system and its design principles, and illustrate the features of our approach with examples from ongoing work.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	2214
authors	Elber, Gershon
year	1996
title	Error bounded piecewise linear approximation of freeform surfaces
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 28 (1) (1996) pp. 51-57
summary	Two methods for piecewise linear approximation of freeform surfaces are presented. One scheme exploits an intermediate bilinear approximation and the other employs global curvature bounds. Both methodsattempt to adaptively create piecewise linear approximations of the surfaces, employing the maximum norm.
keywords	Adaptive Sampling, Polygonization, Bilinear Fit, Freeform Curves
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	70b1
authors	Emdanat, S.S., Vakalo, E.0. and Malkawi, A.M.
year	1996
title	A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Morphological and Thermal Analysis in the Generation of Orthogonal Architectural Designs
source	Proceedings of the 84th ACSA Meeting; Boston, pp. 117-131
summary	Digital networks are gaining importance as environments for learning and creative collaboration. Technical achievements, software enhancements, and a growing number of applicable principles make it possible to compile complex environments that satisfy many aspects necessary for creative collaboration. This paper focuses on three issues: the architecture of collaborative environments, communication in these environments and the processes inherent to creative collaboration. The information architecture of digital environments looks different from physical architecture, mainly because the material that it is made out of is information and not stone, wood or metal and the goal is to provide appropriate paths and views to information. Nonetheless, many analogies can be drawn between information architecture and physical architecture, including the need for useability, aesthetics, and consistency. To communicate is important for creative collaboration. Digital networks request and enable new strategies for communicating. Regarding the collaborative creative process we have been able to detect principles and features that enhance this process, but there are still many unanswered questions. For example, the environment can enable and improve the frequency of surprise and coincidence, two factors that often play decisive roles in the creative processes but cannot be planned for in advance. Freedom and transparency within the environment are other important factors that foster creative collaboration. The following findings are based on numerous courses, which we have taught using networked environments and some associated, research projects that helped to verify their applicability for architectural practice.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	64ff
authors	Fengb, C.-X., Kusiaka, A. and Huanga, C.-C.
year	1996
title	Cost evaluation in design with form features
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 28 (12) (1996) pp. 879-885
summary	Reducing the cost of a product at the design stage is more effective than at the manufacturing stage. In this paper, an attempt is presented to quantify the manufacturing cost in feature-based design. Machining form features are classified as simple and complex. The machining cost of a part depends not only on the type of form features, but also on the relationship among the features. This cost is calculated for four different cases: traditional machining, simultaneous machining, simultaneous set-up and changeover, and multiple machine tools. A manufacturing process is represented with a digraph. The feature-based evaluation of manufacturing cost is formulated as the shortest path problem, and a mathematical model as well as an algorithm are presented to determine the minimum cost design alternative.
keywords	Feature-Based Design, Design for Machining, Manufacturing Cost Evaluation
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	ddssup9607
id	ddssup9607
authors	Gordon, T., Karacapilidis, N., Voss, H. and Zauke, A.
year	1996
title	Computer-Mediated Cooperative Spatial Planning
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	Decision making on spatial planning problems has to integrate recent advancements on geographical information systems with a framework that supports fair, rational and efficient decision making procedures. Such a framework will assist government and businesses with the retrieval, use and reuse of information in cooperative, distributed planning procedures requiring access to spatial data. This paper gives an overview of a computer-mediated group decision support system for the World Wide Web, namely ZENO. The target is to provide intelligent assistance to human mediators and other kinds cf "trusted third parties" during the above procedures. The role of the system is to remain neutral and help assure that the interests and goals of all members of a group, regardless of their status, are respected and appreciated. In this paper, the system's features are illustrated with a retrospective model of a real urban planning example, concerning the allocation of a new technology park in the area of the city of Bonn, where more than eighty communities, local and federal authorities, and other organizations have been requested to submit their suggestions, objections and comments on a spatial planning problem.
series	DDSS
email
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	1aa5
authors	Huangb, X., Gub, P. and Zernickea, R.
year	1996
title	Localization and comparison of two free-form surfaces
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 28 (12) (1996) pp. 1017-1022
summary	Comparison of two free-form surfaces based on discrete data points is of paramount importance for reverse engineering. It can be used to assess the accuracy of the reconstructed surfaces and to quantify thedifference between two such surfaces. The entire process involves three main steps: data acquisition, 3D feature localization and quantitative comparison. This paper presents models and algorithms for 3D featurelocalization and quantitative comparison. Complex free-form surfaces are represented by bicubic parametric spline surfaces using discrete points. A simple yet effective pseudoinverse algorithm was developed andimplemented for localization. It consists of two iterative operations, namely, constructing a pseudo transformation matrix and point matching. A computing algorithm was developed to compare two such surfacesusing optimization techniques. Since this approach does not involve solving non-linear equations for the parameters of positions and orientations, it is fast and robust. The algorithm was implemented and testedwith several examples. It is effective and can be used in industry for sculptured surface comparison.
keywords	Free-Form Sculptured Surface, Localization, Point Matching, Surface Comparison
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	ddssar9616
id	ddssar9616
authors	Hunt, John
year	1996
title	Establishing design directions for complex architectural projects: a decision support strategy
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	The paper seeks to identify characteristics of the design decision-making strategy implicit in the first placed design submissions for three significant architectural competitions: the Sydney Opera House competition, and two recent design competitions for university buildings in New Zealand. Cohn Rowe's (1982) characterisation of the design process is adopted as a basis for the analysis of these case studies. Rowe's fertile analogy between design and (criminal) detection is first outlined, then brought to bear on the case studies. By means of a comparison between the successful and selected unsuccessful design submissions in each case, aspects of Rowe's characterisation of the design process are confirmed. On the basis of this analysis several common features of the competition-winning submissions, and their implicit decision-making processes, are identified. The first of these features relates to establishing project or programmatic requirements and the prioritizing of these. The second concerns the role of design parameters or requirements that appear as conflicting or contradictory, in the development of a design direction and in innovative design outcomes. The third concerns the process of simultaneous consideration given by the designer to both project parameters or requirements, and to design solution possibilities - a process described by Rowe as "dialectical interanimation".
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ae4c
authors	Iodo, Irina A.
year	1996
title	Creation of Architectural Image in Education Process
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 117-120
summary	Process of designing in architecture such as it is nowadays is based on visions (images) of a future objects, two and three dimensional models being created with help of various means and tricks. Those visions are basic Information medium about the features the object being designed, about its functional and aesthetic peculiarities. In those visions worked out by an architect - models of a future object - architect codes in a condensed information of the object. That leads up to the situation in which the created becomes less of a medium in designing process, but its goal.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

_id	aa08
authors	Jakimowicz, Adam
year	1996
title	Education of the Architect - Two Approaches Towards Possible Places of CAD
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 211-220
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.211
summary	This paper discusses the limitations of the most of educational systems of the present, which seem to be no longer sufficient to face the problems of the modern world. This concerns as well architectural education. Computer Aided Design is considered here as a specific case in a wider context of general goals of education. The linear, memory based, cause - effect model of education, where remembering of final effects of the processes is the criterion of teaching efficiency, does not respond to the growing complexity of problems. The task for today is to develop the individual ability to synthesise and creatively explore spheres between separate fields and reconsider the issue of values. This paper therefore emphasises the importance of the person in education, seeing the problem of its full development as a new base and final aim for education as a whole.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	06e1
authors	Keul, Alexander
year	1996
title	LOST IN SPACE? ARCHITECTURAL PSYCHOLOGY - PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
source	Full-Scale Modeling in the Age of Virtual Reality [6th EFA-Conference Proceedings]
summary	A methodological review by Kaminski (1995) summed up five perspectives in environmental psychology - patterns of spatial distribution, everyday “jigsaw puzzles”, functional everyday action systems, sociocultural change and evolution of competence. Architectural psychology (named so at the Strathclyde conference 1969; Canter, 1973) as psychology of built environments is one leg of environmental psychology, the second one being psychology of environmental protection. Architectural psychology has come of age and passed its 25th birthday. Thus, a triangulation of its position, especially in Central Europe, seems interesting and necessary. A recent survey mainly on university projects in German-speaking countries (Kruse & Trimpin, 1995) found a marked decrease of studies in psychology of built environments. 1994, 25% of all projects were reported in this category, which in 1975 had made up 40% (Kruse, 1975). Guenther, in an unpublished survey of BDP (association of professional German psychologists) members, encountered only a handful active in architectural psychology - mostly part-time, not full-time. 1996, Austria has two full-time university specialists. The discrepancy between the general interest displayed by planners and a still low institutionalization is noticeable. How is the research situation? Using several standard research data banks, the author collected articles and book(chapter)s on architectural psychology in German- and English-language countries from 1990 to 1996. Studies on main architecture-psychology interface problems such as user needs, housing quality evaluations, participatory planning and spatial simulation / virtual reality did not outline an “old, settled” discipline, but rather the sketchy, random surface of a field “always starting anew”. E.g., discussions at the 1995 EAEA-Conference showed that several architectural simulation studies since 1973 caused no major impact on planner's opinions (Keul&Martens, 1996). “Re-inventions of the wheel” are caused by a lack of meetings (except this one!) and of interdisciplinary infrastructure in German-language countries (contrary to Sweden or the United States). Social pressures building up on architecture nowadays by inter-European competition, budget cuts and citizen activities for informed consent in most urban projects are a new challenge for planners to cooperate efficiently with social scientists. At Salzburg, the author currently manages the Corporate Design-process for the Chamber of Architecture, Division for Upper Austria and Salzburg. A “working group for architectural psychology” (Keul-Martens-Maderthaner) has been active since 1994.
keywords	Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	EAEA
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa/
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	cf2017_567
id	cf2017_567
authors	Kim, Ikhwan; Lee, Injung; Lee, Ji-Hyun
year	2017
title	The Expansion of Virtual Landscape in Digital Games: Classification of Virtual Landscapes Through Five principles
source	Gülen Çagdas, Mine Özkar, Leman F. Gül and Ethem Gürer (Eds.) Future Trajectories of Computation in Design [17th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2017, Proceedings / ISBN 978-975-561-482-3] Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-14, 2017, pp. 567-584.
summary	This research established classification system which contains five principles and variables to classify the types of the virtual landscape in digital games. The principles of the classification are Story, Space Shape, Space and Action Dimension, User Complexity and Interaction Level. With this classification system, our research group found the most representative types of virtual landscape in the digital game market through 1996 to 2016. Although mathematically there can be 288 types of virtual landscape, only 68 types have been used in the game market in recent twenty years. Among the 68 types, we defined 3 types of virtual landscape as the most representative types based on the growth curve and a number of cases. Those three representative types of virtual landscapes are Generating / Face / 3D-3D / Single / Partial, Providing / Chain / 3D-3D / Single / Partial and Providing / Linear / 2D-2D / Single / Partial. With the result, the researchers will be able to establish the virtual landscape design framework for the future research.
keywords	Digital Game, Virtual Landscape, Game Design, Game Classification
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2017/12/01 14:38

_id	010d
authors	Kokosalakis, Jen
year	1996
title	The Role and Status of Computing and Participation of Design Clients in the Curriculum
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 227-238
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.227
summary	This paper is not intended as a fully researched exploration into architecture course coverage, but an attempt to introduce debate regarding some concerns on the role and status of Computing and consumer participation in the hope that CAAD peers will discuss and reflect with other specialists. A number of commentaries on serious deficiencies in the education of architects point to poor take-up of computing into the curriculum and an almost disassociation of the eventual designed building user from decisions on the design. By comparison it seems easier to find architects today who involve clients almost throughout the design process and increasing competency and continuity of CAAD usage in practices. The few brief references to Schools’ curricula are not formalised random studies. Certainly many excellent features will have been omitted. The intention is to start the debate. Finally a few directions are noted and some conclusions proffered. An argument is made for 3D CAAD models as the backbone and direct negotiating focus for design arbitration between consumer, designer [or students] and other professional collaborators in tesigning buildings, particularly where complex forms and spatial relationships are involved.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	39fb
authors	Langton, C.G.
year	1996
title	Artificial Life
source	Boden, M. A. (1996). The Philosophy of Artificial Life, 39-94.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
summary	Artificial Life contains a selection of articles from the first three issues of the journal of the same name, chosen so as to give an overview of the field, its connections with other disciplines, and its philosophical foundations. It is aimed at those with a general background in the sciences: some of the articles assume a mathematical background, or basic biology and computer science. I found it an informative and thought-provoking survey of a field around whose edges I have skirted for years. Many of the articles take biology as their starting point. Charles Taylor and David Jefferson provide a brief overview of the uses of artificial life as a tool in biology. Others look at more specific topics: Kristian Lindgren and Mats G. Nordahl use the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma to model cooperation and community structure in artificial ecosystems; Peter Schuster writes about molecular evolution in simplified test tube systems and its spin-off, evolutionary biotechnology; Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz presents some examples of visual modelling of morphogenesis, illustrated with colour photographs; and Michael G. Dyer surveys different kinds of cooperative animal behaviour and some of the problems synthesising neural networks which exhibit similar behaviours. Other articles highlight the connections of artificial life with artificial intelligence. A review article by Luc Steels covers the relationship between the two fields, while another by Pattie Maes covers work on adaptive autonomous agents. Thomas S. Ray takes a synthetic approach to artificial life, with the goal of instantiating life rather than simulating it; he manages an awkward compromise between respecting the "physics and chemistry" of the digital medium and transplanting features of biological life. Kunihiko Kaneko looks to the mathematics of chaos theory to help understand the origins of complexity in evolution. In "Beyond Digital Naturalism", Walter Fontana, Guenter Wagner and Leo Buss argue that the test of artificial life is to solve conceptual problems of biology and that "there exists a logical deep structure of which carbon chemistry-based life is a manifestation"; they use lambda calculus to try and build a theory of organisation.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ddssup9614
id	ddssup9614
authors	Loughreit, Fouad
year	1996
title	Methods to assist the design of road surfaces with a reservoir structure: To improve flood risk management
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	Reservoir road surfaces can be seen as equipment of the future, in that they have two functions in the same structure (circulation and hydraulic functions). They can thus be laid without immobilising land, which is very expensive and prized in urban areas. Furthermore, they enable the limitation of the flow or volumes of running water, and thus help control rainwater, resulting in better flood risk management. The questions asked by drainage designers are how can we design these structures in the best way? How are they going to work for different types of rain (rain from storms, prolonged winter rain ....)? As for the public administrators, they wonder how a series of areas equipped with this type of technique (total flow management) would work. By solving this latter problem, we could really arouse interest in flood risk management. Given the diversity of structures possible for reservoir road surfaces (regulated, non-regulated, draining surface, dispersion surface...), we suggest comparing design and simulation methods, taking into account the measurement and total flow management problems mentioned above. So as to validate these comparisons and to give some directions concerning the use of one or the other methods, we use flow-metre measures on two different sites in Lyons. One of these sites is a car- park on a tertiary activity zone on the La Doua campus in Villeurbanne, the other a refuse dump in the Greater Lyons area in the town of Craponne. They are both interesting as they have different features. The first is non-regulated downstream and is used on a car-park for light motor-vehicles. The other is regulated and the traffic on it is made up of lorries. These sites will be described in this article.
series	DDSS
email
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

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