Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	06e1
authors	Keul, Alexander
year	1996
title	LOST IN SPACE? ARCHITECTURAL PSYCHOLOGY - PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
source	Full-Scale Modeling in the Age of Virtual Reality [6th EFA-Conference Proceedings]
summary	A methodological review by Kaminski (1995) summed up five perspectives in environmental psychology - patterns of spatial distribution, everyday “jigsaw puzzles”, functional everyday action systems, sociocultural change and evolution of competence. Architectural psychology (named so at the Strathclyde conference 1969; Canter, 1973) as psychology of built environments is one leg of environmental psychology, the second one being psychology of environmental protection. Architectural psychology has come of age and passed its 25th birthday. Thus, a triangulation of its position, especially in Central Europe, seems interesting and necessary. A recent survey mainly on university projects in German-speaking countries (Kruse & Trimpin, 1995) found a marked decrease of studies in psychology of built environments. 1994, 25% of all projects were reported in this category, which in 1975 had made up 40% (Kruse, 1975). Guenther, in an unpublished survey of BDP (association of professional German psychologists) members, encountered only a handful active in architectural psychology - mostly part-time, not full-time. 1996, Austria has two full-time university specialists. The discrepancy between the general interest displayed by planners and a still low institutionalization is noticeable. How is the research situation? Using several standard research data banks, the author collected articles and book(chapter)s on architectural psychology in German- and English-language countries from 1990 to 1996. Studies on main architecture-psychology interface problems such as user needs, housing quality evaluations, participatory planning and spatial simulation / virtual reality did not outline an “old, settled” discipline, but rather the sketchy, random surface of a field “always starting anew”. E.g., discussions at the 1995 EAEA-Conference showed that several architectural simulation studies since 1973 caused no major impact on planner's opinions (Keul&Martens, 1996). “Re-inventions of the wheel” are caused by a lack of meetings (except this one!) and of interdisciplinary infrastructure in German-language countries (contrary to Sweden or the United States). Social pressures building up on architecture nowadays by inter-European competition, budget cuts and citizen activities for informed consent in most urban projects are a new challenge for planners to cooperate efficiently with social scientists. At Salzburg, the author currently manages the Corporate Design-process for the Chamber of Architecture, Division for Upper Austria and Salzburg. A “working group for architectural psychology” (Keul-Martens-Maderthaner) has been active since 1994.
keywords	Model Simulation, Real Environments
series	EAEA
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/efa/
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	f5ee
authors	Erhorn, H., De Boer, J. and Dirksmueller, M.
year	1997
title	ADELINE, an Integrated Approach to Lighting Simulation
source	Proceedings of Right Light 4, 4th European Conference on Energy-Efficient Lighting, pp.99-103
summary	The use of daylighting and artificial lighting simulation programs to calculate complex systems and models in the design practice often is impeded by the fact that the operation of these programs, especially the model input, is extremely complicated and time-consuming. Programs that are easier to use generally do not show the calculation capabilities required in practice. A second obstacle arises as the lighting calculations often do not allow any statements regarding the interactions with the energetic and thermal building performance. Both problems are mainly due to a lacking integration of the design tools of other building design practitioners as well as due to insufficient user interfaces. The program package ADELINE (Advanced Daylight and Electric Lighting Integrated New Environment) being available since May 1996 as completely revised version 2.0 presents a promising approach to solve these problems. This contribution describes the approaches and methods used within the international project IEA Task 21 for a further development of the ADELINE system. Aim of this work is a further improvement of user interfaces based on the inclusion of new dialogs and on a portation of the program system from MS-DOS to the Windows NT platform. Additional focus is laid on the use of recent developments in the field of information technology and experiences gained in other projects on integrated building design systems, like for example EU-COMBINE, in a pragmatical way. An integrated building design system with open standardized interfaces is to be achieved inter alia by using ISOSTEP formats, database technologies and a consequent, object-oriented design.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	04ad
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1996
title	CAAD Teaching in the Electronic Era
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.239
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 239-242
summary	The popularization and wide acceptance of computer technologies is changing the position and role of CAAD in architectural education and practice. The changing profile of architectural students with respect to computing leads to a reconsideration of priorities and structure in CAAD education. These are evident in the growing acceptance of the computer as part of the standard design instrumentation and in the shift from theoretical issues to hands-on experience in CAAD courses and exercises. As such changes can only continue to occur, probably at a faster pace, CAAD has to re-evaluate its position so as to anticipate the emerging patterns of computing in architecture and design. We can distinguish between three possible outcomes. The first is decentralization of CAAD and distribution of CAAD specialists to the other specializations in architecture and building. The second is concentration on theory and methodology and use of the computer as an instrument for verifying insights and hypotheses. The third option -the worst case scenario- is degradation to a supporting role, subordinate to the designer and the theorist.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://caad.bk.tudelft.nl/koutamanis/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	aa7c
authors	Amirante, M. Isabella and Burattini, Ernesto
year	1996
title	Automatic Procedures for Bio-Climatic Control
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.029
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 29-40
summary	The experiences illustrated here are related to the new regulation of teaching architecture in Italy and these ones in particular have been concentrated on the technological aspects of teaching architecture. We can consider the evolution of the architect from the individual operator to the manager multi- disciplinary aspects of the building process ( building process manager) as a reality today. Information technology, specifically applied to bio-climatic architecture and environmental control, can be of great importance for this professional role, and for this reason it is very useful to include these topics at the beginning the teaching design process. This paper describes a particular approach to bio-climatic problems of the architectural project. An experimental course has been performed by the second year students of the "Laboratorio di Construzione dell' Architettura", at the School of Architecture of the Second University of Naples, in Aversa. Analysing old and new buildings, they used some flow charts for the evaluation and representation of energetic behaviour of buildings regarding their climatic and geographical environment. In the flow charts the decisions are represented by boxes that allow to determine "rightness index" related to: morphological characters of the site and environment, typology and particular organisation of the inside spaces, shape of building, technological solution of the building "skin". The navigation through the decision boxes is made with simple options like; "winds: protected or exposed site", "shape of building; free, close or cross plane", "presence of trees on the south,; yes or not",; it shows the students the bio-climatic quality of the building and, through numeric value assigned to each option, determines the "weight" of its climatic comfort.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	4daf
authors	Berdinsky, Dimitry V.
year	1996
title	CAAD Creations in Moscow
source	CAD Creativeness [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-0-2] Bialystock (Poland), 25-27 April 1996 pp. 27-30
summary	In the history of architecture we saw changing ideas, styles and methods of designing. From the charcoal in an ancient man's hand, architectural tools transformed into contemporary pens, papers and copying machines. They made the creative architectural work more productive and informative. Today, in the last quarter of our century, evolution of the architectural design is influenced by brandnew intellectual tools and instruments. Invasion of those tools make new problems appear. All the people can be divided into two groups- the first group can be defined as mechanically or mathematically oriented one while the second group can be defined as art oriented one.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/09 15:30

_id	6dda
authors	Farin, Gerald E.
year	1996
title	Curves and Surfaces for Computer-aided Geometric Design
source	Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. San Francisco
summary	System requirements: IBM and compatibles with DOS 2.0 or higher or UNIX. This book offers an introduction to the field that emphasizes Bernstein-Bezier methods and presents subjects in an informal, readable style, making this an ideal text for an introductory course at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. This 3rd edition includes several new section and numerical examples, a treatment of the new blossoming principle, and new C programs. All C programs are available on a disk included with the book. The Problems Sections at the end of each chapter have also been extended.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	8a8f
authors	Hou, June Hao
year	1996
title	Exploration of Extending the Communication Range in the Virtual Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.299
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 299-305
summary	Computer Support for Collaborative Works (CSCW) and recently investigated Virtual Design Studio (VDS) are reviewed. By involving into two design projects and examining the virtual design process, several technical and procedural problems are notified and discussed. A community reconstruction was proceeded in the second project to help local communities to build their network communication. This paper tries to construct guidelines for future virtual design process and addresses the possibilities of extending the communication range to local communities and users.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	fb63
id	fb63
authors	Jabi, Wassim
year	1996
title	An Outline of the Requirements for a Computer-Supported Collaborative Design System
source	Open House International, vol 21, no 1, March 1996
summary	Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) systems have adequately satisfied several needs so far. They have dramatically improved the accuracy and consistency of working drawings, enabled designers to visualize their design ideas in three-dimensions, allowed the analysis of designs through data exchange and integrated databases, and even allowed the designers to evaluate (and in some cases generate) designs based on comparisons to previous cases and/or the formalization of grammars. Yet, there is a consensus that CAAD systems have not yet achieved their full potential. First, most systems employ a single-user approach to solving architectural problems which fails to grapple with the fact that most design work is done through teamwork. Second, current systems still can not support early design stages which involve client briefing, data collection, building program formulation, and schematic design generation. This paper seeks to study remedies to both of the afore-mentioned limitations through focusing on the fundamental dialectic and collaborative nature of what is called designing: a concerned social activity that proceeds by creating architectural elements to address a set of requirements and their re-thinking as a result of architectural conjecture. To investigate this relationship, it is proposed to build a computer-supported collaborative design environment using the tools of conceptual modeling, object-oriented algorithms, and distributed agents. Based on findings regarding the role of artifacts in collaborative design and a literature survey, this paper concludes with an outline of the requirements for the above system.
series	journal paper
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/06/12 16:34

_id	2f3c
authors	Jabi, Wassim
year	1996
title	An Outline of the Requirements for a Computer-Supported Collaborative Design System
source	Open House International, vol. 21 no 1, March 1996, pp. 22-30
summary	Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) systems have adequately satisfied several needs so far. They have dramatically improved the accuracy and consistency of working drawings, enabled designers to visualize their design ideas in three-dimensions, allowed the analysis of designs through data exchange and integrated databases, and even allowed the designers to evaluate (and in some cases generate) designs based on comparisons to previous cases and/or the formalization of grammars. Yet, there is a consensus that CAAD systems have not yet achieved their full potential. First, most systems employ a single-user approach to solving architectural problems which fails to grapple with the fact that most design work is done through teamwork. Second, current systems still can not support early design stages which involve client briefing, data collection, building program formulation, and schematic design generation. This paper seeks to study remedies to both of the afore-mentioned limitations through focusing on the fundamental dialectic and collaborative nature of what is called designing: a concerned social activity that proceeds by creating architectural elements to address a set of requirements and their re-thinking as a result of architectural conjecture. To investigate this relationship, it is proposed to build a computer-supported collaborative design environment using the tools of conceptual modeling, object-oriented algorithms, and distributed agents. Based on findings regarding the role of artifacts in collaborative design and a literature survey, this paper concludes with an outline of the requirements for the above system.
keywords	Computer Supported Collaborative Design
series	other
email
last changed	2002/03/05 19:54

_id	30cf
authors	Webster, Anthony C.
year	1996
title	Networked Multimedia Tools for Architectural Engineering
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- March 1996 -- Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 11-19
summary	This paper provides a brief history of networked multimedia technology in the United States. The evolution of the Internet and the World Wide Web is outlined. The use of traditional computer technologies byengineering and architectural practitioners and academics is discussed. Use of some new computer technologies by researchers in both professions, including high-speed networks, animated graphicalsimulations, augmented and virtual reality, is also presented, along with a discussion of how they are beginning to be used together on the World Wide Web. Opportunities for refining architectural engineeringresearch, scholarship and practice by expanded use of new networked multimedia technologies are presented. The features of a demonstration testbed networked multimedia package, entitled the FarnsworthHouse Volume are introduced, along with their potential application to some architectural engineering problems. The use of the volume in classes at Columbia University is presented. Advantages anddisadvantages of networked multimedia capabilities embedded in the Farnsworth volume are discussed.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	a026
authors	Nagakura, Takehiko
year	1996
title	Form Processing: A System for Architectural Design
source	Harvard University
summary	This thesis introduces a new approach to developing software for formal synthesis in architectural design. It presents theoretical foundations, describes prototype specifications for computable implementation, and illustrates some examples. The approach derives from the observation that architects explore ideas through the use of sequences of drawings. Architects derive each drawing in a sequence from its predecessor by executing some transformation on a portion of the drawing. Thus, a formal design state is established by a sequence of drawings with historical information about their construction through progressive transformations. The proposed system allows an architect to develop a design in three ways. First, a new transformation can be added to a current sequence of drawings. Second, existing sequences can be edited by exchanging their subset sequences. Third, an existing sequence can be revised parametrically by assigning new values to its design variables. The system implements scripts that specify categories of shapes and transformations between any two shape categories. When an instance of a shape category is found in a design, a transformation can replace it with an instance of another shape category. Recursive application of a given set of transformations to an initial shape instance produces a sequence of drawings that represents a formal design state. The system encodes this formal design state as an assembly of all the shape instances used and their relationships (nesting, emergent and replacement). Furthermore, this assembly, called a construction graph, allows the existing sequences to be edited efficiently by exchanging subsets and to be revised parametrically. The advantage of this approach as demonstrated in the examples is that it allows intuitive, rapid and interactive construction of complex designs. Moreover, design knowledge can be captured by scripts that depict heuristic shapes and transformations as well as by assembled construction graphs which depict cases of formal design. Such a reusable and expandable knowledge base is essential for assisting disciplined and creative architectural design.
keywords	Computer Software Development; Architectural Design; Data Processing
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	cb99
authors	Ozel, F. and McIntosh, P.
year	1997
title	Introduction
source	Automation in Construction 6 (4) (1997) pp. 263-264
summary	this special issue of Automation in Construction publishes a revised subset of papers originally presented at the 1996 Annual conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) held october 31 to November 2, 1996, at the University of Ariona College of Architecture in Tucson, Arizona. The title of the conference, Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy, provides a framework in which to explore current research in architectural computing. Design computation is the overall context and is intended to suggest a broader scope than a term such as computeraided design. Collaboration and reasoning reflect current major preoccupations in the area, while pedagogy is a persistent interest of many of the memers of ACADIA. The papers chosen for this special journal edition address these themes. Few of the papers reflect just one of these themes. Though each has its own particular, explicitly stated focus, most address more than one of the themes. As a group, the papers display a range of variations.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	sigradi2015_9.347
id	sigradi2015_9.347
authors	Andrade, Eduardo; Orellana, Nicolas; Mesa, Javiera; Felmer, Patricio
year	2015
title	Spatial Configuration and Sociaty. Comparison between the street market Tristan Matta and Tirso de Molina Market
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 481-485.
summary	This research aims to clarify how certain visual and accessibility patterns, in buildings and urban environments, are related to social activities that take place in them. The study, based on the theory of space syntax (Hillier & Hanson 1984; Hillier, 1996), seeks to recognize patterns of behavior, both individual and aggregate. The case studies are Tirso de Molina Market and the free street market Tristan Matta, both in Santiago de Chile.
keywords	pace Syntax, Visibilidad, Accesibilidad, Conectividad, Comportamiento
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	40ee
authors	Biagini, Carlo
year	1996
title	CAAD in the Transformability Evaluation of Historical Buildingsof Historical Buildings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.055
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 55-58
summary	In the execution of a research, which was intended to identify methods and instruments for transformability evaluation of historical buildings, CAAD was usefully employed in the decision-making process at different levels. From an operative point of view, it was fundamental instruments for the acquisition of typomorphological data inherent to pre-existent buildings. It allowed us to create an archive of information which can be easily and flexibly up-dated. In fact the critical evaluation of these buildings is based on the identification of structural patterns which have characterized the typological evolution of the urban structure, and thus the different historical stratifications have to be carefully catalogued, profoundly analyzed and compared one with the other. CAAD was even more effective during the phase of meta-designing checking concerning the choices effected for conversion of old buildings, since it was possible to prefigure different scenarios according to formulated hypotheses and this gave us the opportunity to evaluate their effective practicability in relation to typo- morphological congruence and logical and formal connection between the old building and new design proposals.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	3386
authors	Gavin, L., Keuppers, S., Mottram, C. and Penn, A.
year	2001
title	Awareness Space in Distributed Social Networks
source	Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 615-628
summary	In the real work environment we are constantly aware of the presence and activity of others. We know when people are away from their desks, whether they are doing concentrated work, or whether they are available for interaction. We use this peripheral awareness of others to guide our interactions and social behaviour. However, when teams of workers are spatially separated we lose 'awareness' information and this severely inhibits interaction and information flow. The Theatre of Work (TOWER) aims to develop a virtual space to help create a sense of social awareness and presence to support distributed working. Presence, status and activity of other people are made visible in the theatre of work and allow one to build peripheral awareness of the current activity patterns of those who we do not share space with in reality. TOWER is developing a construction set to augment the workplace with synchronous as well as asynchronous awareness. Current, synchronous activity patterns and statuses are played out in a 3D virtual space through the use of symbolic acting. The environment itself however is automatically constructed on the basis of the organisation's information resources and is in effect an information space. Location of the symbolic actor in the environment can therefore represent the focus of that person's current activity. The environment itself evolves to reflect historic patterns of information use and exchange, and becomes an asynchronous representation of the past history of the organisation. A module that records specific episodes from the synchronous event cycle as a Docudrama forms an asynchronous information resource to give a history of team work and decision taking. The TOWER environment is displayed using a number of screen based and ambient display devices. Current status and activity events are supplied to the system using a range of sensors both in the real environment and in the information systems. The methodology has been established as a two-stage process. The 3D spatial environment will be automatically constructed or generated from some aspect of the pre-existing organisational structure or its information resources or usage patterns. The methodology must be extended to provide means for that structure to grow and evolve in the light of patterns of actual user behaviour in the TOWER space. We have developed a generative algorithm that uses a cell aggregation process to transcribe the information space into a 3d space. In stage 2 that space was analysed using space syntax methods (Hillier & Hanson, 1984; Hillier 1996) to allow the properties of permeability and intelligibility to be measured, and then these fed back into the generative algorithm. Finally, these same measures have been used to evaluate the spatialised behaviour that users of the TOWER space show, and will used to feed this back into the evolution of the space. The stage of transcription from information structure to 3d space through a generative algorithm is critical since it is this stage that allows neighbourhood relations to be created that are not present in the original information structure. It is these relations that could be expected to help increase social density.
keywords	Algorithmic Form Generation, Distributed Workgroups, Space Syntax
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

_id	ce1b
authors	Kvan, Th., Lee, A. and Ho, L.
year	2000
title	Anthony Ng Architects Limited: Building Towards a Paperless Future
source	Case Study and Teaching Notes number 99/65, 10 pages, distributed by HKU Centre for Asian Business Cases, Harvard Business School Publishing (HBSP) and The European Case Clearing House (ECCH), June 2000
summary	In early 1997; Mr. Anthony Ng; managing director of Anthony Ng Architects Ltd.; was keenly looking forward to a high-tech; paperless new office; which would free his designers from paperwork and greatly improve internal and external communication – a vision that he had had for a couple of years. In 1996; he brought on board a friend and expert in Internet technology to help him realise his vision. In July 1997; his company was to move into its new office in Wan Chai. Their plan was to have in place an Intranet and a web-based document management system when they moved into the new office. But he had to be mindful of resulting changes in communication patterns; culture and expectations. Resistance from within his company was also threatening to ruin the grand plan. Several senior executives were fiercely opposed to the proposal and refused to read a document off a computer screen. But Ng knew it was an important initiative to move his practice forward. Once the decision was made there would be no chance to reconsider; given the workload demands of the new HK$12 billion project. And this decision would mark a watershed in the company’s evolution. This case study examines the challenges and implications of employing IT to support an architectural office.
keywords	IT In Practice; Professional Practice; Archives
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	28a3
authors	Martini, Kirk
year	1996
title	Visualizing Global-Force Distributions in Finite-Element Models
source	Journal of Architectural Engineering -- June 1996 -- Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 71-77
summary	Although computer analysis has created invaluable benefits in structural design, several structural experts have expressed concern about the impact of computers on younger engineers. Computers clearly helpdevelop insight into global-displacement patterns, but they may hinder development of insight into global-force patterns. The emergence of inexpensive computing time and automatic code checking makes itpossible to arrive at a design without assuming or investigating global-force patterns, focusing instead on member-level behavior. In the precomputer era, a designer was forced to think in terms of global-forcedistributions. However, this important design perspective will gradually disappear with the retirement of the last generation of designers educated in the precomputer era. To support this perspective in themodern design environment, the present paper introduces a computer-based tool to visualize global-force distributions in large structural systems. The tool is called the global force interpreter (GFI). This paperoutlines the approach to calculating and displaying force distributions and illustrates the tool on two example structures.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	63e6
authors	Af Klercker, Jonas
year	1996
title	Visualisation for Clients - One Example of Educating CAAD for Practice
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1996.017
source	Education for Practice [14th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-2-2] Lund (Sweden) 12-14 September 1996, pp. 17-24
summary	During the spring term 1996, 13 students of the 3rd and 4th year at the School of Architecture at Lund University had the opportunity to make a one semester CAAD project. 11 students chose the individual exercise to use computer media for developing a small architectural design in interaction with a client. The focus was set more on visualization and the process of communicating ideas, feelings and practical solutions between architect and client and visa versa rather than concentrated on the final product. This paper describes the process of the project and the reflections of the participants. It will discuss problems from the teachers point of view.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.caad.lth.se/ECAADE/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	1fb3
authors	Akin, O., Cumming, M., Shealey, M. and Tuncer, B.
year	1997
title	An electronic design assistance tool for case-based representation of designs
source	Automation in Construction 6 (4) (1997) pp. 265-274
summary	In precedent based design, solutions to problems are developed by drawing from an understanding of landmark designs. Many of the key design operations in this mode are similar to the functionalities present in case-based reasoning systems: case matching, case adapting, and case representation. It is clear that a rich case-base, encoding all major product types in a design domain would be the centerpiece of such an approach. EDAT (Electronic Design Assistance Tool) is intended to assist in precedent based design in the studio with the potential of expansion into the office setting. EDAT has been designed using object oriented system development methods. EDAT was used in a design studio at Carnegie Mellon University, during Spring 1996.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

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