Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	diss_marsh
id	diss_marsh
authors	Marsh, A.J.
year	1997
title	Performance Analysis and Conceptual Design
source	School of Architecture and Fine Arts, University of Western Australia
summary	A significant amount of the research referred to by Manning has been directed into the development of computer software for building simulation and performance analysis. A wide range of computational tools are now available and see relatively widespread use in both research and commercial applications. The focus of development in this area has long been on the accurate simulation of fundamental physical processes, such as the mechanisms of heat flow though materials, turbulent air movement and the inter-reflection of light. The adequate description of boundary conditions for such calculations usually requires a very detailed mathematical model. This has tended to produce tools with a very engineering-oriented and solution-based approach. Whilst becoming increasingly popular amongst building services engineers, there has been a relatively slow response to this technology amongst architects. There are some areas of the world, particularly the UK and Germany, where the use of such tools on larger projects is routine. However, this is almost exclusively during the latter stages of a project and usually for purposes of plant sizing or final design validation. The original conceptual work, building form and the selection of materials being the result of an aesthetic and intuitive process, sometimes based solely on precedent. There is no argument that an experienced designer is capable of producing an excellent design in this way. However, not all building designers are experienced, and even fewer have a complete understanding of the fundamental physical processes involved in building performance. These processes can be complex and often highly inter-related, often even counter-intuitive. It is the central argument of this thesis that the needs of the building designer are quite different from the needs of the building services engineer, and that existing building design and performance analysis tools poorly serve these needs. It will be argued that the extensive quantitative input requirement in such tools acts to produce a psychological separation between the act of design and the act of analysis. At the conceptual stage, building geometry is fluid and subject to constant change, with solid quantitative information relatively scarce. Having to measure off surface areas or search out the emissivity of a particular material forces the designer to think mathematically at a time when they are thinking intuitively. It is, however, at this intuitive stage that the greatest potential exists for performance efficiencies and environmental economies. The right orientation and fenestration choice can halve the airconditioning requirement. Incorporating passive solar elements and natural ventilation pathways can eliminate it altogether. The building form can even be designed to provide shading using its own fabric, without any need for additional structure or applied shading. It is significantly more difficult and costly to retrofit these features at a later stage in a project’s development. If the role of the design tool is to serve the design process, then a new approach is required to accommodate the conceptual phase. This thesis presents a number of ideas on what that approach may be, accompanied by some example software that demonstrates their implementation.
series	thesis:PhD
more	http://www.squ1.com/site.html
last changed	2003/11/28 07:33

_id	a5f1
authors	Piegl, Les and Tiller, Wayne
year	1997
title	The Nurbs Book
source	New York: Springer (2nd ed.)
summary	The second, revised edition of this book covers all aspects of non-uniform rational B-splines necessary to design geometry in a computer-aided environment. Basic B-spline features, curve and surface algorithms, and state-of-the-art geometry tools are all discussed. Detailed code for design algorithms and computational tricks are covered, too, in a lucid, easy-to-understand style, with a minimum of mathematics and using numerous worked examples. The book is a must for students, researchers, and implementors whose work involves the use of splines.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	6f61
authors	Turkiyyah, G.M., Storti, D.W., Ganter, M., Hao, C. and Vimawala, M.
year	1997
title	An accelerated triangulation method for computing the skeletons of free-form solid models
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 29 (1) (1997) pp. 5-19
summary	Shape skeletons are powerful geometric abstractions that provide useful intermediate representations for a number of geometric operations on solid models includingfeature recognition, shape decomposition, finite element mesh generation, and shape design. As a result there has been significant interest in the development of effectivemethods for skeleton generation of general free-form solids. In this paper we describe a method that combines Delaunay triangulation with local numerical optimizationschemes for the generation of accurate skeletons of 3D implicit solid models. The proposed method accelerates the slow convergence of Voronoi diagrams to theskeleton, which, without optimization, would require impractically large sample point sets and resulting messhes to attain acceptable accuracy. The Delaunaytriangulation forms the basis for generating the topological structure of the skeleton. The optimization step of the process generates the geometry of the skeleton patchesby moving the vertices of Delaunay tetrahedra and relocating their centres to form maximally inscribed spheres. The computational advantage of the optimization schemeis that it involves the solution of one small optimization problem per tetrahedron and its complexity is therefore only linear (O(n)) in the number of points used for theskeleton approximation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on a number of representative solid models.
keywords	Skeleton Generation, Medial Axis, Delaunay Triangulation, Surface Curvature, Implicit Solid Models
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	75a8
authors	Achten, Henri H.
year	1997
title	Generic representations : an approach for modelling procedural and declarative knowledge of building types in architectural design
source	Eindhoven University of Technology
summary	The building type is a knowledge structure that is recognised as an important element in the architectural design process. For an architect, the type provides information about norms, layout, appearance, etc. of the kind of building that is being designed. Questions that seem unresolved about (computational) approaches to building types are the relationship between the many kinds of instances that are generally recognised as belonging to a particular building type, the way a type can deal with varying briefs (or with mixed use), and how a type can accommodate different sites. Approaches that aim to model building types as data structures of interrelated variables (so-called ‘prototypes’) face problems clarifying these questions. The research work at hand proposes to investigate the role of knowledge associated with building types in the design process.Knowledge of the building type must be represented during the design process. Therefore, it is necessary to find a representation which supports design decisions, supports the changes and transformations of the design during the design process, encompasses knowledge of the design task, and which relates to the way architects design. It is proposed in the research work that graphic representations can be used as a medium to encode knowledge of the building type. This is possible if they consistently encode the things they represent; if their knowledge content can be derived, and if they are versatile enough to support a design process of a building belonging to a type.A graphic representation consists of graphic entities such as vertices, lines, planes, shapes, symbols, etc. Establishing a graphic representation implies making design decisions with respect to these entities. Therefore it is necessary to identify the elements of the graphic representation that play a role in decision making. An approach based on the concept of ‘graphic units’ is developed. A graphic unit is a particular set of graphic entities that has some constant meaning. Examples are: zone, circulation scheme, axial system, and contour. Each graphic unit implies a particular kind of design decision (e.g. functional areas, system of circulation, spatial organisation, and layout of the building). By differentiating between appearance and meaning, it is possible to define the graphic unit relatively shape-independent.If a number of graphic representations have the same graphic units, they deal with the same kind of design decisions. Graphic representations that have such a specifically defined knowledge content are called ‘generic representations.’ An analysis of over 220 graphic representations in the literature on architecture results in 24 graphic units and 50 generic representations. For each generic representation the design decisions are identified. These decisions are informed by the nature of the design task at hand. If the design task is a building belonging to a building type, then knowledge of the building type is required. In a single generic representation knowledge of norms, rules, and principles associated with the building type are used. Therefore, a single generic representation encodes declarative knowledge of the building type. A sequence of generic representations encodes a series of design decisions which are informed by the design task. If the design task is a building type, then procedural knowledge of the building type is used.By means of the graphic unit and generic representation, it is possible to identify a number of relations that determine sequences of generic representations. These relations are: additional graphic units, themes of generic representations, and successive graphic units. Additional graphic units defines subsequent generic representations by adding a new graphic unit. Themes of generic representations defines groups of generic representations that deal with the same kind of design decisions. Successive graphic units defines preconditions for subsequent or previous generic representations. On the basis of themes it is possible to define six general sequences of generic representations. On the basis of additional and successive graphic units it is possible to define sequences of generic representations in themes. On the basis of these sequences, one particular sequence of 23 generic representations is defined.The particular sequence of generic representations structures the decision process of a building type. In order to test this assertion, the particular sequence is applied to the office building type. For each generic representation, it is possible to establish a graphic representation that follows the definition of the graphic units and to apply the required statements from the office building knowledge base. The application results in a sequence of graphic representations that particularises an office building design.Implementation of seven generic representations in a computer aided design system demonstrates the use of generic representations for design support. The set is large enough to provide additional weight to the conclusion that generic representations map declarative and procedural knowledge of the building type.
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra2/9703788.pdf
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	eea1
authors	Achten, Henri
year	1997
title	Generic Representations - Typical Design without the Use of Types
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 117-133
summary	The building type is a (knowledge) structure that is both recognised as a constitutive cognitive element of human thought and as a constitutive computational element in CAAD systems. Questions that seem unresolved up to now about computational approaches to building types are the relationship between the various instances that are generally recognised as belonging to a particular building type, the way a type can deal with varying briefs (or with mixed functional use), and how a type can accommodate different sites. Approaches that aim to model building types as data structures of interrelated variables (so-called 'prototypes') face problems clarifying these questions. It is proposed in this research not to focus on a definition of 'type,' but rather to investigate the role of knowledge connected to building types in the design process. The basic proposition is that the graphic representations used to represent the state of the design object throughout the design process can be used as a medium to encode knowledge of the building type. This proposition claims that graphic representations consistently encode the things they represent, that it is possible to derive the knowledge content of graphic representations, and that there is enough diversity within graphic representations to support a design process of a building belonging to a type. In order to substantiate these claims, it is necessary to analyse graphic representations. In the research work, an approach based on the notion of 'graphic units' is developed. The graphic unit is defined and the analysis of graphic representations on the basis of the graphic unit is demonstrated. This analysis brings forward the knowledge content of single graphic representations. Such knowledge content is declarative knowledge. The graphic unit also provides the means to articulate the transition from one graphic representation to another graphic representation. Such transitions encode procedural knowledge. The principles of a sequence of generic representations are discussed and it is demonstrated how a particular type - the office building type - is implemented in the theoretical work. Computational work on implementation part of a sequence of generic representations of the office building type is discussed. The paper ends with a summary and future work.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	2698
authors	Chien, Sheng Fen and Flemming, Ulrich
year	1997
title	Information Navigation in Generative Design Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.355
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 355-365
summary	Generative design systems take an active part in the generation of computational design models. They make it easier for designers to explore conceptual alternatives, but the amount of information generated during a design session can become very large. Intelligent navigation aids are needed to enable designers to access the information with ease and low cognitive loads. We present an approach to support navigation in generative design systems. Our approach takes account of studies related to navigation in physical environments as well as information navigation in electronic media. Results of studies from the physical environment and electronic media reveal that 1) people exhibit similar cognitive behaviours (spatial cognition and the use of spatial knowledge) while navigating in physical and information spaces; and 2) the information space lacks legibility and imageability. The proposed information navigation model take these findings into account.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cebb
authors	Do, Ellen Yi-Luen and Gross, Mark D.
year	1997
title	Tools for Visual and Spatial Analysis of CAD Models - Implementing Computer Tools as a Means to Thinking about Architecture
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 189-202
summary	The paper describes a suite of spatial analysis programs to support architectural design. Building these computational tools not only supports the task of spatial analysis for designers but it also helps us think about the spatial perception. We argue that building design software is an important vehicle for understanding architecture, using our efforts to build various visual and spatial analysis tools as examples.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2004/10/04 07:49

_id	c0da
authors	Gero, J.S., Kazakov, V. and Schnier, T.
year	1997
title	Genetic engineering and design problems
source	D. Dasgupta and Z. Michalewicz (Eds.), Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering Applications, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp.47-68
summary	This chapter reviews developments in genetic algorithms based on genetic engineering extensions. It presents the development a computational model of genetic engineering and demonstrates its applicability and utility.
keywords	Genetic Engineering, Learning
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 07:18

_id	a51c
authors	Gero, John S.
year	1997
title	What Are We Learning from Designers and its Role in Future CAAD Tools
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 61-70
summary	Recent research into the activity and behaviour of human designers as they design has provide an impetus to carry out research which underpins the development of new CAAD support tools. However, there are computational processes of interest in designing which are not modeled on human design processes. This paper outlines some of the design processes which are being researched based on our understanding of human designers and provides examples from some early implementations.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	d036
authors	Jang, J.S.R., Sun, C.T. and Mizutani, E.
year	1997
title	Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing; a computational approach to learning and machine intelligence
source	Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
summary	Included in Prentice Hall's MATLAB Curriculum Series, this text provides a comprehensive treatment of the methodologies underlying neuro-fuzzy and soft computing. The book places equal emphasis on theoretical aspects of covered methodologies, empirical observations, and verifications of various applications in practice.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	c669
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	1997
title	On the Evaluation of Architectural Figural Goodness: A Foundation for Computational Architectural Aesthetic
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 245-266
summary	The first stage of an investigation into the quantification and computability of architectural aesthetics is reported. Issues considered include the function, sources and role of aesthetic analysis in architecture in the framework of a descriptive approach to architectural analysis and design. The main focus is on the applicability of the concept of figural goodness to architectural aesthetics and the derivation of a representation for architectural form suitable to this purpose.
series	CAAD Futures
email
more	http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/informatica/koutamanis
last changed	1999/04/06 09:30

_id	2de7
authors	Lachmi, K., Beatrice, B., Timerman, A. and Kalay, Y.E.
year	1997
title	Semantically Rich Building Representation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1997.207
source	Design and Representation [ACADIA ‘97 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-06-3] Cincinatti, Ohio (USA) 3-5 October 1997, pp. 207-227
summary	At the core of any computational system that can support design development, analysis, and evaluation is a building representation which should be able to represent all the different components that make up a building, along with the manner in which they come together. In other words, the representation must be informationally complete and semantically rich. The paper discusses these two criteria in detail, and briefly reviews other research efforts aimed at developing building representations for CAAD that attempt to meet them. Our solution to this problem is then presented. It is aimed primarily at the schematic design phase, the rationale for which is also stated. Taking the view that buildings are unique assemblies of discrete, mostly standardized components, our representation is clearly divided into two components: the Object Database (ODB) which stores detailed information about various building elements, and the Project Database (PDB) which holds information about how these elements are assembled to make up a particular building. An ODB may be shared by many building projects, while the PDB must necessarily be unique to each. The data schemas of both the PDB and the ODB are described in detail and their computational implementation, to the extent that it has been completed, is illustrated.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	6577
authors	Lam, K.P., Mahdavi A. and Pal, V.
year	1997
title	Algorithm and Context: A Case Study of Reliability in Computational Daylight Modeling
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 331-344
summary	The systematic use of reliable modeling data is believed to improve the building design quality. The key term here is "reliability". There is general agreement that reliability in the context of modeling- assisted CAAD depends on the accurate description of both contextual parameters (climate, site, etc.) and ~building features (geometric and non-geometric properties) as well as the validity of the underlying simulation algorithms. In this paper, we specifically address the importance of detailed contextual information and computational algorithms for the reliability of the daylight modeling results.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:26

_id	ec57
authors	Mahalingam, Ganapathy
year	1997
title	Representing Architectural Design Using Virtual Computers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1997.051
source	Design and Representation [ACADIA ‘97 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-06-3] Cincinatti, Ohio (USA) 3-5 October 1997, pp. 51-61
summary	The concept of the virtual computer is one of the most significant ideas to emerge in the field of computing. Computational models of architectural design, including state models and process models, have been based in the past on the von Neumann model of computer systems. Von Neumann systems are characterized by stored programs and data, and sequential processing on a single processor. The concept of the virtual computer enables us to break away from the von Neumann model in the representation of architectural design. Virtual computers can now be used to represent architectural design using concepts of parallel or networked systems. One of the limitations of modeling architectural design processes on the computer has been the representation of the processes as serial processes. Virtual computers can eliminate that bottleneck. This paper introduces the concept of representing architectural design using virtual computers. The application of the concept in an auditorium design system developed by the author is briefly examined.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	246c
authors	Mahdavi, A. and Pal, V.
year	1997
title	On the Problem of Operative Information in CAAD
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 231-244
summary	Computational building performance modeling typically generates large amounts of data. For this data to become operative information, i.e., provide effective feedback to the design process, it must adequately interface with the informational requirements and procedural characteristics of the building delivery process. Toward this end, this paper specifically addresses the potential of aggregate space-time performance indicators.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:26

_id	d6d5
authors	Mahdavi, A., Mathew, P., Kumar, S. and Wong, N.
year	1997
title	Bi-directional computational design support in the SEMPER environment
source	Automation in Construction 6 (4) (1997) pp. 353-373
summary	We present a computational environment for bi-directional multi-domain building design support. We first describe the overall structure and the salient features of this computational environment (SEMPER). We then discuss in detail its bi-directional inference capability. We conclude with illustrative case studies.
series	journal paper
email
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	e82c
authors	Mahdavi, A., Mathew, P. and Wong, N.H.
year	1997
title	A Homology-Based Mapping Approach to Concurrent Multi-Domain Performance Evaluation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.237
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 237-246
summary	Over the past several years there have been a number of research efforts to develop integrated computational tools which seek to effectively support concurrent design and performance evaluation. In prior research, we have argued that elegant and effective solutions for concurrent, integrated design and simulation support systems can be found if the potentially existing structural homologies in general (configurational) and domain-specific (technical) building representations are creatively exploited. We present the use of such structural homologies to facilitate seamless and dynamic communication between a general building representation and multiple performance simulation modules – specifically, a thermal analysis and an air-flow simulation module. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a computational design environment (SEMPER) that dynamically (and autonomously) links an object-oriented space-based design model, with structurally homologous object models of various simulation routines.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	6f73
authors	Mahdavi, Ardeshir
year	1997
title	Modeling-Assisted Building Control
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 219-229
summary	The architectural research on provision of computational support for the building delivery process in general and computer aided performance modeling in particular has traditionally concentrated on the building design phase. This paper argues that computational modeling can also successfully apply to the building operation phase. To demonstrate this potential the paper explores a simulation- assisted building control strategy. Specifically, the use of generate-and-test as well as bi-directional inference methods is proposed to derive preferable control schemes and required attributes for control variables based on parametric and iterative simulation runs. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated via illustrative computational examples from the thermal control domain.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:26

_id	498a
authors	Mahdavi, Ardeshir
year	1997
title	A Negentropic View of Computational Modeling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.107
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 107-121
summary	I propose a systemic view of computational modeling in architecture that is inspired by concepts in human ecology, information theory and thermodynamics.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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