Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	246c
authors	Mahdavi, A. and Pal, V.
year	1997
title	On the Problem of Operative Information in CAAD
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 231-244
summary	Computational building performance modeling typically generates large amounts of data. For this data to become operative information, i.e., provide effective feedback to the design process, it must adequately interface with the informational requirements and procedural characteristics of the building delivery process. Toward this end, this paper specifically addresses the potential of aggregate space-time performance indicators.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/02/26 17:26

_id	8e5c
authors	Khemlani, Lachmi and Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	1997
title	An Integrated Computing Environment for Collaborative, Multi-Disciplinary Building Design
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 389-416
summary	The increasing complexity of the built environment requires that more knowledge and experience be brought to bear on its design, construction and maintenance. The commensurate growth of knowledge in the participating disciplines-architecture, engineering, construction management, facilities management, and others-has tended to diversify each one into many sub-specializations. The resulting fragmentation of the design-built-use process is potentially detrimental to the overall quality of built environment. An efficient system of collaboration between all the specialist participants is needed to offset the effects of fragmentation. It is here that computers, with their ubiquitous presence in all disciplines, can serve as a medium of communication and form the basis of a collaborative, multi- disciplinary design environment. This paper describes the ongoing research on the development of such an integrated computing environment that will provide the basis for design and evaluation tools ranging across the many building-related disciplines. The bulk of the discussion will focus on the problem of a building representation that can be shared by all these disciplines, which, we posit, lies at the core of such an environment. We discuss the criteria that characterize this shared building representation, and present our solution to the problem. The proposed model has been adapted from geometric modeling, and addresses explicitly the difficult Problem of generality versus completeness of the represented information. The other components of the integrated environment that are under development are also described. The paper concludes with some implementation details and a brief look at two evaluation tools that use the proposed building representation for their task.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	0596
authors	Van Leeuwen, Jos P. and Wagter, Harry
year	1997
title	Architectural Design-By-Features
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 97-115
summary	Design tasks, in particular architectural design tasks, have been found hard to support by means of computers. The main reason for this is that design is a problem solving process, which requires a dynamic way of handling information involved in the design process. The research presented in this paper focuses on this aspect of CAAD: the support of design tasks with dynamic, flexible information modelling techniques. The basic concepts for the developed approach is taken from the field of Feature-based modelling. We briefly review these concepts and then interpret and transport them to the context of architectural design. In defining types of Features, a distinction is made between domain-specific Features and generic Features for which we propose a classification. A framework for the definition and modelling of Features is discussed as well as a prototype Feature-based Modelling Shell based on this framework.
series	CAAD Futures
email
more	http://www.calibre.bwk.tue.nl
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	243c
authors	Yezioro, Abraham and Shaviv, Edna
year	1997
title	A KB CAAD System for the Pre-Conceptual Design of Bio-Climatic and Low Energy Buildings
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 317-330
summary	This work discusses the structure of knowledge base CAAD systems for the design of solar and low energy buildings, along with the presentation of the different knowledge bases required for such systems. The general discussion is followed by presenting a KBCAAD system PASYS, that was developed as a tool for determining thermal comfort design strategies in the pre-conceptual design stage. PASYS is based on a knowledge base which stores the existing information concerning thermal comfort rules of thumb and accurate procedural calculations, which facilitates defining thermal comfort design strategies that suite best the local climatic conditions and the specific constrains of the design problem at hand.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	060b
authors	Af Klercker, J.
year	1997
title	A National Strategy for CAAD and IT-Implementation in the Construction Industry the Construction Industry
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.o8u
summary	The objective of this paper is to present a strategy for implementation of CAD and IT in the construction and building management#1 industry in Sweden. The interest is in how to make the best use of the limited resources in a small country or region, cooperating internationally and at the same time avoiding to be totally dominated by the great international actors in the market of information technology. In Sweden representatives from the construction and building management industry have put forward a research and development program called: "IT-Bygg#2 2002 - Implementation". It aims at making IT the vehicle for decreasing the building costs and at the same time getting better quality and efficiency out of the industry. The presented strategy is based on a seminar with some of the most experienced researchers, developers and practitioners of CAD in Sweden. The activities were recorded and annotated, analyzed and put together afterwards. The proposal in brief is that object oriented distributed CAD is to be used in the long perspective. It will need to be based on international standards such as STEP and it will take at least another 5 years to get established. Meanwhile something temporary has to be used. Pragmatically a "de facto standard" on formats has to be accepted and implemented. To support new users of IT all software in use in the country will be analyzed, described and published for a national platform for IT-communication within the construction industry. Finally the question is discussed "How can architect schools then contribute to IT being implemented within the housing sector at a regional or national level?" Some ideas are presented: Creating the good example, better support for the customer, sharing the holistic concept of the project with all actors, taking part in an integrated education process and international collaboration like AVOCAAD and ECAADE.
keywords	CAAD, IT, Implementation, Education, Collaboration
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/afklerck/afklerck.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	823f
authors	Bignon, J.C., Halin, G. and Humbert, P.
year	1997
title	Hypermedia Structuring of the Technical Documentation for the Architectural Aided Design
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 843-848
summary	The definition of an universal structuring model of the technical documentation is arduous, indeed utopian considering the great number of products and the diversity of relative information. To answer this situation we are trying to develop a general approach of the documentation. The document is the base entity of documentation structuring and it represents a coherent informative unit. We propose a model of document hypermedia structuring. This model allows the definition, the presentation, the navigation and the retrieval of general information on building products by a document manipulation. It is associated with a hypermedia design method adapted to document management. This method proposes, after the identification of the user, three phases of hypermedia definition : data definition, navigation definition and user interface definition. The model of a hypermedia structuring of the technical documentation proposed in this article is at once independent of available information on products, open, and makes easier the addition of new navigational functions.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	2e36
authors	Bourdakis, Vassilis
year	1997
title	Making Sense of the City
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 663-678
summary	Large-scale, three dimensional, interactive computer models of cities are becoming feasible making it possible to test their suitability as a visualisation tool for the design and planning process, for data visualisation where socio-economic and physical data can be mapped on to the 3D form of the city and as an urban information repository. The CASA developed models of the City of Bath and London's West End in VRML format, are used as examples to illustrate the problems arising. The aim of this paper is to reflect on key issues related to interaction within urban models, data mapping techniques and appropriate metaphors for presenting information.
keywords	3D City modeling, Urban Modelling, Virtual Environments, Navigation, Data Mapping, VRML
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	a96b
authors	Cao, Quinsan and Protzen, Jean-Pierre
year	1997
title	Managing Information with Fuzzy Reasoning System in Design Reasoning and Issue-Based Argumentation
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 771-786
summary	Design by argumentation is a natural character of design process with social participation. Issue-Based Information System (IBIS) is an information representation system based on a structured database. It provides a hierarchically linked database structure to manage design information and facilitate design by argumentation. In this paper, we explore the enhancement of IBIS with FRS (Fuzzy Reasoning System) technology. The FRS adds computationally implemented dynamic links to the database of IBIS. Such dynamic links can represent logic relations and reasoning operations among related issues which allows further clarification of relations among issues in IBS. The enhanced system provides a general framework to manage design information and to assist design reasoning, which in turn will contribute to machine assisted design. The final goal is to formulate a system that can represent design knowledge and assist reasoning in design analysis. The system can help designers in clarifying and understanding design related issues, requirements and evaluating potential design alternatives. To demonstrate the system and its potential use, we reexamine a design experiment presented by Schon and represent the design knowledge and reasoning rules of the architects with our system, FRS-IBIS.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	aa2f
authors	Carrara, G., Fioravanti, A. and Novembri, G.
year	1997
title	An Intelligent Assistant for the Architectural Design Studio
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.a3a
summary	It seems by now fairly accepted by many researchers in the field of the Computer Aided Design that the way to realise support tools for the architectural design is by means of the realisation of Intelligent Assistants. This kind of computer program, based on the Knowledge Engineering and machine learning, finds his power and effectiveness by the Knowledge Base on which it is based. Moreover, it appears evident that the modalities of dialogue among architects and operators in the field of building industry, are inadequate to support the exchange of information that the use of these tools requires. In fact, many efforts at international level are in progress to define tools in order to make easier the multiple exchange of information in different fields of building design. Concerning this point, protocol and ontology of structured information interchanges constitute the first steps in this sense, e.g. those under standardisation by ISO (STEP), PDT models and Esprit project ToCEE. To model these problems it has brought forth a new research field: the collaborative design one, an evolution of distributed work and concurrent design. The CAAD Laboratory of Dipartimento di Architettura and Urbanistica per l'Ingegneria has carried out a software prototype, KAAD, based on Knowledge Engineering in the fields of hospital building and of building for aged people. This software is composed by an Interface, a Knowledge Base, a Database and Constraints. The Knowledge Base has been codified by using the formal structure of frames, and has been implemented by the Lisp language. All the elements of KB are objects
keywords	Design Studio
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/carrara/carrara.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	88f9
authors	Carrara, G., Novembri, G., Zorgno, A.M., Brusasco, P.L.
year	1997
title	Virtual Studio of Design and Technology on Internet (I) - Educator's approach
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.n2w
summary	This paper presents a teaching experience involving students and professors from various universities, in Italy and abroad, which began in 1996 and is still on going. The Virtual Studios on the Internet (VSI) have some features in common with the Teaching Studios planned for the new programme of the faculties of Architecture in Italian universities. These are the definition of a common design theme, and the participation of disciplinary teachers. The greatest difference is in the modes of collaboration, which is achieved through information and communication technologies. The chief result of this is that the various work groups in different places can work and collaborate at the same time: the computer networks provide the means to express, communicate and share the design project.
keywords	CAAD, Teaching of architectural design, Shared virtual reality, Virtualdesign studio, Collective intelligence.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/lvi_i&ii/zorgno.html
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	b4c4
authors	Carrara, G., Fioravanti, A. and Novembri, G.
year	2000
title	A framework for an Architectural Collaborative Design
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 57-60
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.057
summary	The building industry involves a larger number of disciplines, operators and professionals than other industrial processes. Its peculiarity is that the products (building objects) have a number of parts (building elements) that does not differ much from the number of classes into which building objects can be conceptually subdivided. Another important characteristic is that the building industry produces unique products (de Vries and van Zutphen, 1992). This is not an isolated situation but indeed one that is spreading also in other industrial fields. For example, production niches have proved successful in the automotive and computer industries (Carrara, Fioravanti, & Novembri, 1989). Building design is a complex multi-disciplinary process, which demands a high degree of co-ordination and co-operation among separate teams, each having its own specific knowledge and its own set of specific design tools. Establishing an environment for design tool integration is a prerequisite for network-based distributed work. It was attempted to solve the problem of efficient, user-friendly, and fast information exchange among operators by treating it simply as an exchange of data. But the failure of IGES, CGM, PHIGS confirms that data have different meanings and importance in different contexts. The STandard for Exchange of Product data, ISO 10303 Part 106 BCCM, relating to AEC field (Wix, 1997), seems to be too complex to be applied to professional studios. Moreover its structure is too deep and the conceptual classifications based on it do not allow multi-inheritance (Ekholm, 1996). From now on we shall adopt the BCCM semantic that defines the actor as "a functional participant in building construction"; and we shall define designer as "every member of the class formed by designers" (architects, engineers, town-planners, construction managers, etc.).
keywords	Architectural Design Process, Collaborative Design, Knowledge Engineering, Dynamic Object Oriented Programming
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	811e
authors	Coyne, Richard and Mclachlan, Fiona
year	1997
title	The Legacy of Surrealism in the Electronic Design Studio
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 733-748
summary	We examine how Surrealist themes are evident in the world of information technology, and in the electronic design studio. We show that much of the current popular appeal of the computer in design schools is attributable to the computer's apparent surrealistic possibilities rather than the potentialities traditionally put forward by exponents of formalism, design methods and systems theory. We discuss developments on Surrealism, including the application of Freud's concept of the uncanny and Lacan's understanding of the image, before concluding that Surrealism and its developments support a "hermeneutics of suspicion", which is one way of interpreting what occurs in the design studio.
series	CAAD Futures
email
more	http://www.caad.ed.ac.uk/
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	0755
authors	Donath, Dirk and Petzold, Frank
year	1997
title	A Digital Way of Planning Based on Information Surveying
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 183-188
summary	The aim of this project is to develop a software system for generating complex digital models of existing buildings and structures, i.e. in the broadest sense a computer-supported surveying and management system for existing buildings. The built environment is registered by surveying a series of geometrical and building relevant information broken down into different levels of abstraction. The recorded data consists of a variety of geometric, multimedia and verbal - less structured - pieces of information. The starting point for developing such a system is both an analysis and reworking of the methods used in architectural surveying, and the evaluation and use of current techniques and tools in the field of computer applications.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	6b4a
authors	Ekholm, Anders and Fridqvist Sverker
year	1997
title	Concepts of Space in Computer Based Product Modelling and Design
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.c5r
summary	The everyday understanding of space may be self-evident and unproblematic. However, as soon as we are asked for a formal definition, e.g. in the context of building classification or product modelling, the concept of space is subject of controversy and misunderstanding. To some, space is the emptiness in which things are embedded, i.e. something immaterial. To others, space has no separate existence but is a property of the material world. Still, according to both views, space can be experienced. In this paper we analyse some influential work within building classification and building product modelling and criticise these for applying a concept of space without factual reference. We explore the ontological foundations for the concept of space, and conclude that space is an aspect view on things; depending on the view, it may be seen both as a property of things and as a thing in itself. Finally we show how construction space can be represented as an object in a conceptual schema for computer based space information.
keywords	Space, Building, Construction, Classification, Product Modelling, Aspect Model, Spatial Modelling, CAD
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/ekholm/ekholm.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	c906
authors	Ekholm, Anders and Fridqvist, Sverker
year	1997
title	Design and Modelling in a Computer Integrated Construction Process - The BAS-CAAD Project
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 501-518
summary	A new approach to product modelling in a design context is proposed. CAD-software must not only enable product modelling, but must also support product design. This is not fully achieved in the traditional 'enumerative' approach to product modelling. We discuss how product design and modelling can be based on a facetted' approach to information modelling, and how a data model that supports the design process can be based on a framework for system information. The background for our research is the current development in the construction industry towards a computer integrated construction process. A first prerequisite for this is the use of computer based models. Another prerequisite is that CAD-software can support the design of the results of the construction process, including construction works, user organisations, and the production and facility management processes. A third prerequisite is that computer based models are built with standardised concepts and terminology to enable exchange of information between different actors and computer systems during different stages of the construction process. Principles for organising frameworks for user organisation and construction works information are presented in an appendix.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	f7e8
authors	Frazer, J.H. and Stephenson, P.
year	1997
title	The Groningen Experiment
source	Architectural Association Publications, publ. pend.
summary	In its first five years, the Architectural Association's Diploma unit II developed the theoretical framework of an alternative generative process, using computer models to compress evolutionary space and time. This led to a prototype that could be demonstrated interactively and the launch on the Internet of an experimental evolutionary environment which attracted global participation, established a dematerialised model. The new phase of the programme has begun to externalise this conceptual model into constructed form, focusing on urban-scale evolution and other historical and natural examples of co-operative and ecologically i integrated development. The approach has been to consider metabolic processes as a way of understanding both the formal development of urban symbiosis and the specific problem of materialization. The city planning department of Groningen commissioned a small working prototype demonstration of a predictive urban computer model. The unit produced an evolving model which explains the transition from the past to the present, and projects future trajectories a "what if" model for generating, exploring and evaluating alternatives. The model mediates in scale, space and time: ; in scale between the urban context and the fine grain of the housing typologies ; in space between the existing fabric of Groningen and specific dwelling units ; in time between the lifestyle within the medieval core and the desires of the citizens of tile next century
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	c2c6
authors	Hendricx , Ann
year	1997
title	Shape, Space And Building Element: Development of a Conceptual Object Model for the Design Process
source	Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.g4l
summary	The paper describes the first steps taken in the search for a central object model presenting all possible data, concepts and operations concerning the architectural design process. From the early design stage, an architectural model can be built on computer. A central object model of this process is essential: a model describing geometrical shapes, spaces, building elements and user activities, together with all the basic operations these entities can undertake. The model could provide the necessary information for the performance of tests to assist the designer (energy calculation, stability check, costs ...). Appropriate interfaces between the object model and existing software packages allow different actors in the design process to make use of the model’s data. First, the conceptual model for CAAD in the design process is described. The second part deals with the methodology used for developing the object model: M.E.R.O.DE (Model-driven Entity-Relationship Object-oriented Development) proves to be a firm base to start our design. Finally, we present some aspects of the first prototype for such a central object model.
keywords	Object Model, CAAD, Object-oriented
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/hendricx/hendricx.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	0289
authors	Huang, Jeffrey and Pollalis, Spiro N.
year	1997
title	Knowledge, Agency, and Design Information Systems
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 481-488
summary	This paper addresses CAAD from an organizational point of view. We employ recent developments in organizational economics to model the organizational processes in building design. Based on an analysis of (i) the cost of transferring knowledge, and (ii) agency cost in existing design organizations, we propose a framework for redesigning organizational processes and for developing appropriate design information systems. The paper describes work on a larger ongoing research project at the Harvard Design School on intra- and interorganizational design information systems.
keywords	computer Supported Cooperative Design, Knowledge Transfer, Process Modeling, Organization Theory, Agency Problems
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	cc87
authors	Johnson, Scott
year	1997
title	What's in a Representation, Why Do We Care, and What Does It Mean? Examining Evidence from Psychology
source	Design and Representation [ACADIA ‘97 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-06-3] Cincinatti, Ohio (USA) 3-5 October 1997, pp. 5-15
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1997.005
summary	This paper examines psychological evidence on the nature and role of representations in cognition. Both internal (mental) and external (physical or digital) representations are considered. It is discovered that both types of representation are deeply linked to thought processes. They are linked to learning, the ability to use existing knowledge, and problem solving strategies. The links between representations, thought processes, and behavior are so deep that even eye movements are partly governed by representations. Choice of representations can affect limited cognitive resources like attention and short-term memory by forcing a person to try to utilize poorly organized information or perform "translations" from one representation to another. The implications of this evidence are discussed. Based on these findings, a set of guidelines is presented, for digital representations which minimize drain of cognitive resources. These guidelines describe what sorts of characteristics and behaviors a representation should exhibit, and what sorts of information it should contain in order to accommodate and facilitate design. Current attempts to implement such representations are discussed.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	2c17
authors	Junge, Richard and Liebich, Thomas
year	1997
title	Product Data Model for Interoperability in an Distributed Environment
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 571-589
summary	This paper belongs to a suite of three interrelated papers. The two others are 'The VEGA Platform' and 'A Dynamic Product Model'. These two companion papers are also based on the VEGA project. The ESPRIT project VEGA (Virtual Enterprises using Groupware tools and distributed Architectures) has the objective to develop IT solutions enabling virtual enterprises, especially in the domain of architectural design and building engineering. VEGA shall give answers to many questions of what is needed for enabling such virtual enterprise from the IT side. The questions range from technologies for networks, communication between distributed applications, control, management of information flow to implementation and model architectures to allow distribution of information in the virtual enterprises. This paper is focused on the product model aspect of VEGA. So far modeling experts have followed a more or less centralized architecture (central or central with 4 satellites'). Is this also the architecture for the envisaged goal? What is the architecture for such a distributed model following the paradigm of modeling the , natural human' way of doing business? What is the architecture enabling most effective the filtering and translation in the communication process. Today there is some experience with 'bulk data' of the document exchange type. What is with incremental information (not data) exchange? Incremental on demand only the really needed information not a whole document. The paper is structured into three parts. First there is description of the modeling history or background. the second a vision of interoperability in an distributed environment from the users coming from architectural design and building engineering view point. Third is a description of work undertaken by the authors in previous project forming the direct basis for the VEGA model. Finally a short description of the VEGA project, especially the VEGA model architecture.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

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