Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	3542
authors	Cha, M.Y. and Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	Shape pattern recognition using a computable shape pattern representation
source	J.S. Gero and F. Sudweeks (eds), Artificial Intelligence in Design '98, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 169-188
summary	Properties of shapes and shape patterns are investigated in order to represent shape pattern knowledge for supporting shape pattern recognition. It is based on the notion that shape patterns are classified in terms of similarity of spatial relationships as well as physical properties. Methods for shape pattern recognition are explained and examples from an implementation are presented.
keywords	Shape Patterns, Shape Representation
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 08:57

_id	b548
authors	Rosenman, M.A. and Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	CAD modelling in multidisciplinary design domains
source	I. Smith (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering, Springer, Berlin, pp.335-347
summary	In a multidisciplinary design environment, such as the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) domain, the various designers will have their own views, concepts and representations of design objects, making communication in a CAD environment a complex task. This paper demonstrates that by taking into consideration the concepts of function and purpose such multiple views and representations can be accomodated. The representation of the functional properties of design objects and their purpose is the underlying basis for the formation of different representations and the coordination of these representations. The paper puts forward definitions for function and purpose which allow for the representation of these properties of a design object and for interdisciplinary communication and integration in a CAD environment.
keywords	Multiple Views, Representation
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:02

_id	eac5
authors	Damski, J. and Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	Object representation and reasoning using halfplanes and logic
source	J.S. Gero and F. Sudweeks (eds), Artificial Intelligence in Design '98, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 107-126
summary	Shapes and objects represent important ways with which to perceive and reason about the world. This paper develops a framework which uniformly encompasses both planar and non-planar surfaces to represent graphical objects in three dimensions. Based on the concept of halfspaces this framework allows the representation of volumes as predicates in logic. This representation is applied to demonstrate object concepts associated with reasoning about the topology of objects as individuals as well as groups of objects at the early, conceptual phase of designing. The example shows how both planar and non-planar boundaries of objects are treated uniformly.
keywords	Shape Reasoning, Logic Models
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 08:59

_id	c702
authors	Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	Towards a model of designing which includes its situatedness
source	H. Grabowski, S. Rude and G. Green (Eds.), Universal Design Theory, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp. 47-56
summary	This paper takes the F-B-S model and extends it to include the notions of situatedness derived from situated cognition.
keywords	F-B-S Model, Situatedness
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:00

_id	99f2
authors	Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	Concept formation in design
source	Knowledge-Based Systems 10(7-8): 429-435
summary	This paper presents a computationally tractable view on where simple design concepts come from by proposing a paradigm for the formation of design concepts based on the emergence of patterns in the representation of designs. It is suggested that these design patterns form the basis of concepts. These design patterns once learned are then added to the repertoire of known patterns so that they do not need to be learned again. This approach uses the notion called the loosely-wired brain. The paper elaborates this idea primarily through implemented examples drawn from the genetic engineering of evolutionary systems and the qualitative representation of shapes and their multiple representations.
keywords	Concept Formation, Pattern Emergence, Representation
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:00

_id	cad3
authors	Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	Conceptual designing as a sequence of situated acts
source	I. Smith (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering, Springer, Berlin, pp. 165-177
summary	This paper introduces conceptual designing within an F-B-S framework. It then goes on to describe a number of models of designing before introducing the notions of situatedness and situated acts. The remainder of the paper describes the role of situatedness and situated acts in conceptual designing. It attempts to show that a number of otherwise difficult design phenomena are modelable using situatedness and situated acts. A demonstration example concludes the paper along with some of the research issues this view of designing brings with it.
keywords	Conceptual Designing, Situatedness
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:01

_id	ba1b
authors	Schnier, T. and Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	From Frank Lloyd Wright to Mondrian: Transforming evolving representations
source	I. Parmee (Ed.), Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, Springer, London, pp. 207-219
summary	If a computer is to create designs with the goal of following a certain style it has to have information about this style. Unfortunately, the most often used method of formal representations of style, shape grammars, does not lend itself to automated implementation. However, It has been shown how an evolutionary system with evolving representation can provide an alternative approach that allows a system to learn style knowledge automatically and without the need for an explicit representation. This paper shows how the applicability of evolved representation can be extended by the introduction of transformations of the representation. One such transformation allows mixing of style knowledge, similar to the cross-breeding of animals of different races, with the added possibility of controlling exactly what features are used from which source. This can be achieved through different ways of mixing representations learned from different examples and then using the new, combined representation to create new designs. In a similar manner, information learned in one application domain can be used in a different domain. To achieve this, either the representation or the genotype-phenotype transformation has to be adapted. The same operations also allow mixing of knowledge from different domains. As an example, we show how style information learned from a set of Mondrian paintings can be combined with style information from a Frank Lloyd Wright window design, to create new window designs. Also, we show how the combined style information can then be used to create three-dimensional objects, showing style features similar to the newly designed windows.
keywords	Genetic Engineering, Learning
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:02

_id	caadria2007_659
id	caadria2007_659
authors	Chen, Zi-Ru
year	2007
title	The Combination of Design Media and Design Creativity _ Conventional and Digital Media
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.w5x
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Creativity is always interested in many fields, in particular, creativity and design creativity have many interpretations (Boden, 1991; Gero and Maher, 1992, 1993; Kim, 1990; Sternberg, 1988; Weisberg, 1986). In early conceptual design process, designers used large number of sketches and drawings (Purcell and Gero, 1998). The sketch can inspire the designer to increase the creativity of the designer’s creations(Schenk, 1991; Goldschmidt, 1994; Suwa and Tversky, 1997). The freehand sketches by conventional media have been believed to play important roles in processes of the creative design thinking(Goldschmidt, 1991; Schon and Wiggins, 1992; Goel, 1995; Suwa et al., 2000; Verstijnen et al., 1998; Elsas van and Vergeest, 1998). Recently, there are many researches on inspiration of the design creativity by digital media(Liu, 2001; Sasada, 1999). The digital media have been used to apply the creative activities and that caused the occurrenssce of unexpected discovery in early design processes(Gero and Maher, 1993; Mitchell, 1993; Schmitt, 1994; Gero, 1996, 2000; Coyne and Subrahmanian, 1993; Boden, 1998; Huang, 2001; Chen, 2001; Manolya et al. 1998; Verstijinen et al., 1998; Lynn, 2001). In addition, there are many applications by combination of conventional and digital media in the sketches conceptual process. However, previous works only discussed that the individual media were related to the design creativity. The cognitive research about the application of conceptual sketches design by integrating both conventional and digital media simultaneously is absent.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	eb16
authors	Reffat, Rabee M. and Gero, John S.
year	1998
title	Learning About Shape Semantics: A Situated Learning Approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.375
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 375-384
summary	Designers recognise or make sense of objects in the context "situations" of other things. Design cannot be predicted and you have to be “at a particular set of states” in order to decide what to do. The inability to determine a priori all design states implies that any design process cannot be pre-planned and design actions cannot be pre-defined. Situated learning is based on the notion that knowledge is contextually situated and is fundamentally influenced by the context in which it is used. We propose a situated learning approach in the domain of architectural shapes design. This paper elaborates the concept of situated learning and demonstrates what it produces in the domain of shape semantics.
keywords	Architectural Shape Semantics, Situated Learning, Design Knowledge, Design Situations
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	e122
authors	Park, Soo-Hoon and Gero, John S.
year	1998
title	Analysis of Architectural Sketches Using Categorical Shape Knowledge Based on Shape Features
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.405
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 405-414
summary	Shape feature analysis method is suggested as a computational support for the association of pictorial patterns of sketches with design semantics. Geometric patterns have been represented with qualitative scheme which is capable of representing classes for a collection of instances. Similarities to the particular shape feature categories have been measured to compare the sketch instances.
keywords	Sketches, Q-Code, Shape Feature, Categorical Shape Knowledge
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	7a20
id	7a20
authors	Carrara, G., Fioravanti, A.
year	2002
title	SHARED SPACE’ AND ‘PUBLIC SPACE’ DIALECTICS IN COLLABORATIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN.
source	Proceedings of Collaborative Decision-Support Systems Focus Symposium, 30th July, 2002; under the auspices of InterSymp-2002, 14° International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics, 2002, Baden-Baden, pg. 27-44.
summary	The present paper describes on-going research on Collaborative Design. The proposed model, the resulting system and its implementation refer mainly to architectural and building design in the modes and forms in which it is carried on in advanced design firms. The model may actually be used effectively also in other environments. The research simultaneously pursues an integrated model of the: a) structure of the networked architectural design process (operators, activities, phases and resources); b) required knowledge (distributed and functional to the operators and the process phases). The article focuses on the first aspect of the model: the relationship that exists among the various ‘actors’ in the design process (according to the STEP-ISO definition, Wix, 1997) during the various stages of its development (McKinney and Fischer, 1998). In Collaborative Design support systems this aspect touches on a number of different problems: database structure, homogeneity of the knowledge bases, the creation of knowledge bases (Galle, 1995), the representation of the IT datum (Carrara et al., 1994; Pohl and Myers, 1994; Papamichael et al., 1996; Rosenmann and Gero, 1996; Eastman et al., 1997; Eastman, 1998; Kim, et al., 1997; Kavakli, 2001). Decision-making support and the relationship between ‘private’ design space (involving the decisions of the individual design team) and the ‘shared’ design space (involving the decisions of all the design teams, Zang and Norman, 1994) are the specific topic of the present article. Decisions taken in the ‘private design space’ of the design team or ‘actor’ are closely related to the type of support that can be provided by a Collaborative Design system: automatic checks performed by activating procedures and methods, reporting of 'local' conflicts, methods and knowledge for the resolution of ‘local’ conflicts, creation of new IT objects/ building components, who the objects must refer to (the ‘owner’), 'situated' aspects (Gero and Reffat, 2001) of the IT objects/building components. Decisions taken in the ‘shared design space’ involve aspects that are typical of networked design and that are partially present in the ‘private’ design space. Cross-checking, reporting of ‘global’ conflicts to all those concerned, even those who are unaware they are concerned, methods for their resolution, the modification of data structure and interface according to the actors interacting with it and the design phase, the definition of a 'dominus' for every IT object (i.e. the decision-maker, according to the design phase and the creation of the object). All this is made possible both by the model for representing the building (Carrara and Fioravanti, 2001), and by the type of IT representation of the individual building components, using the methods and techniques of Knowledge Engineering through a structured set of Knowledge Bases, Inference Engines and Databases. The aim is to develop suitable tools for supporting integrated Process/Product design activity by means of a effective and innovative representation of building entities (technical components, constraints, methods) in order to manage and resolve conflicts generated during the design activity.
keywords	Collaborative Design, Architectural Design, Distributed Knowledge Bases, ‘Situated’ Object, Process/Product Model, Private/Shared ‘Design Space’, Conflict Reduction.
series	other
type	symposium
email
last changed	2005/03/30 16:25

_id	6279
id	6279
authors	Carrara, G.; Fioravanti, A.
year	2002
title	Private Space' and ‘Shared Space’ Dialectics in Collaborative Architectural Design
source	InterSymp 2002 - 14th International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics (July 29 - August 3, 2002), pp 28-44.
summary	The present paper describes on-going research on Collaborative Design. The proposed model, the resulting system and its implementation refer mainly to architectural and building design in the modes and forms in which it is carried on in advanced design firms. The model may actually be used effectively also in other environments. The research simultaneously pursues an integrated model of the: a) structure of the networked architectural design process (operators, activities, phases and resources); b) required knowledge (distributed and functional to the operators and the process phases). The article focuses on the first aspect of the model: the relationship that exists among the various ‘actors’ in the design process (according to the STEP-ISO definition, Wix, 1997) during the various stages of its development (McKinney and Fischer, 1998). In Collaborative Design support systems this aspect touches on a number of different problems: database structure, homogeneity of the knowledge bases, the creation of knowledge bases (Galle, 1995), the representation of the IT datum (Carrara et al., 1994; Pohl and Myers, 1994; Papamichael et al., 1996; Rosenmann and Gero, 1996; Eastman et al., 1997; Eastman, 1998; Kim, et al., 1997; Kavakli, 2001). Decision-making support and the relationship between ‘private’ design space (involving the decisions of the individual design team) and the ‘shared’ design space (involving the decisions of all the design teams, Zang and Norman, 1994) are the specific topic of the present article. Decisions taken in the ‘private design space’ of the design team or ‘actor’ are closely related to the type of support that can be provided by a Collaborative Design system: automatic checks performed by activating procedures and methods, reporting of 'local' conflicts, methods and knowledge for the resolution of ‘local’ conflicts, creation of new IT objects/ building components, who the objects must refer to (the ‘owner’), 'situated' aspects (Gero and Reffat, 2001) of the IT objects/building components. Decisions taken in the ‘shared design space’ involve aspects that are typical of networked design and that are partially present in the ‘private’ design space. Cross-checking, reporting of ‘global’ conflicts to all those concerned, even those who are unaware they are concerned, methods for their resolution, the modification of data structure and interface according to the actors interacting with it and the design phase, the definition of a 'dominus' for every IT object (i.e. the decision-maker, according to the design phase and the creation of the object). All this is made possible both by the model for representing the building (Carrara and Fioravanti, 2001), and by the type of IT representation of the individual building components, using the methods and techniques of Knowledge Engineering through a structured set of Knowledge Bases, Inference Engines and Databases. The aim is to develop suitable tools for supporting integrated Process/Product design activity by means of a effective and innovative representation of building entities (technical components, constraints, methods) in order to manage and resolve conflicts generated during the design activity.
keywords	Collaborative Design, Architectural Design, Distributed Knowledge Bases, ‘Situated’ Object, Process/Product Model, Private/Shared ‘Design Space’, Conflict Reduction.
series	other
type	symposium
email
last changed	2012/12/04 07:53

_id	caadria2006_633
id	caadria2006_633
authors	WAN-YU LIU
year	2006
title	THE EMERGING DIGITAL STYLE: Attention shift in architectural style recognition
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.g4f
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 633-635
summary	“Style” has long been an important index to observe the design thinking of designers in architecture. Gombrich (1968) defined style as a particular selection from the alternatives when doing things; Ackerman (1963) considered that a distiguishable ensemble of certain characteristics we call a style; Schapiro (1961) pointed out that style is constant forms, and sometimes the constant elements, qualities and expression; Kirsch (1998), Cha and Gero (1999) thought of style as a form element and shape pattern. As Simon and others referred to, style emerged from the process of problem solving, Chan (1994, 2001) ever devised a serious of experiments to set up the operational definitions of style, further five factors that relate to generating styles. Owing to that the greater part of sketches and drawings in the design process couldn’t be replaced by computer-aided design systems (Eisentraut, 1997), designers must shift between different problem-solving methods while facing different design problems. The purpose in this research is to discuss the influences of computer usage on style generation and style recognition: The employment of certain procedural factors that occurred in the design processes that using conventional media is different from the ones that using computer media? Do personal styles emerge while designers shifting between different media in the design processes? Does any unusual phenomenon emerge while accustomed CAD-systems designers recognizing a style?
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

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