Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0f09
authors	Ando, H., Kubota, A. and Kiriyama, T.
year	1998
title	Study on the collaborative design process over the internet: A case study on VRML 2.0 specification design
source	Design Studies 19, pp. 289-308
summary	In this paper, we analyze the process of VRML 2.0 (Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 2.0) specification design for the deeper understanding of Internet-based collaboration. The VRML design process has the characteristics of being open to the public, geographically distributed, long-term, large-scale, and diverse. First, we examine the overall features of the design process by analyzing the VRML mailing list archive statistically. Secondly, we extract prototyping vocabulary (operational patterns) from the document change log. Thirdly, we analyze the process of proposing and agreeing with the PROTO node in detail. The results of analysis provide us with a guidance for facilitating innovation in the Internet-based collaboration.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	9951
authors	Johnson, R.E. and Clayton, M.J.
year	1998
title	The impact of information technology in design and construction: the owner's perspective
source	Automation in Construction 8 (1) (1998) pp. 3-14
summary	This paper reports on findings of a November 1996 exploratory survey of architecture–engineering clients (Fortune 500 corporate facility managers). This research investigated how the practices of corporate facility managers are being influenced by rapid changes in information technology. The conceptual model that served as a guide for this research hypothesized that information technology acts as both an enabler (that is, information technology provides an effective mechanism for managers to implement desired changes), as well as a source of innovation (that is, new information technology innovations create new facility management opportunities). The underlying assumption of this research is that information technology is evolving from a tool that incrementally improves `back-office' productivity to an essential component of strategic positioning that may alter the basic economics, organizational structure and operational practices of facility management organizations and their interactions with service providers (architects, engineers, and constructors). The paper concludes with a discussion of researchable issues.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	cf6a
authors	Lynn, G.
year	1998
title	Folds, Bodies and Blobs – Collected Essays
source	La Lettre Volee, Brussels
summary	Again we should be amazed at these wonderful algorithmic creatures that have continued to sprawl for the last half a century or more. The innovation about this type of experimentation if at all it is anymore should lie on the reality and materiality of the projects. We cannot let technology invent architecture but to at least keep up if not produce it. Lynns dialogues will only be convincing if the show doesnt end up or formulate by gyp board.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	170f
authors	Mora Padrón, Víctor Manuel
year	1999
title	Integration and Application of Technologies CAD in a Regional Reality - Methodological and Formative Experience in Industrial Design and Products Development
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 295-297
summary	The experience to present is begun and developed during the academic year 1998, together to the course of IV pupils level of the Industrial Design career in the Universidad del Bío-Bío, labor that I have continued assuming during the present year, with a new youths generation. We have accomplished our academic work taking as original of study and base, the industrial and economic situation of the VIII Region, context in the one which we outline and we commit our needs formative as well as methodological to the teaching of the discipline of the Industrial Design. Consequently, we have defined a high-priority factor among pupils and teachers to reach the objectives and activities program of the course, the one which envisages first of all a commitment of attitude and integrative reflection among our academic activity and the territorial human context in the one which we inhabit. In Chile the activity of the industrial designer, his knowledge and by so much his capacity of producing innovation, it has been something practically unknown in the industrial productive area. However, the current national development challenges and the search by widening our markets, they have created and established a conscience of the fact that the Chilean industrial product must have a modern and effective competitiveness if wants be made participates in segments of the international marketing. It is in this new vision where the design provides in decisive form to consider and add a commercial and cultural value in our products. To the university corresponds the role of transmitting the knowledge generated in his classrooms toward the society, for thus to promote a development in the widest sense of the word. Under this prism the small and median regional industry in their various areas, have not integrated in the national arrangement in what concerns to the design and development of new and integral products. The design and the innovation as motor concept for a competitiveness and permanency in new markets, it has not entered yet in the entrepreneurial culture. If we want to save this situation, it is necessary that the regional entrepreneur knows the importance of the Design with new models development and examples of application, through concrete cases and with demands, that serve of base to demonstrate that the alliance among Designer and Industry, opens new perspectives of growth upon offering innovation and value added factors as new competitiveness tools. Today the communication and the managing of the information is a strategic weapon, to the moment of making changes in a social dynamics, so much at local level as global. It is with this look that our efforts and objective are centered in forming to our pupils with an integration speech and direct application toward the industrial community of our region, using the communication and the technological information as a tool validates and effective to solve the receipt in the visualization of our projects, designs and solutions of products. As complement to the development of the proposed topic will be exhibited a series of projects accomplished by the pupils for some regional industries, in which the three dimensional modeling and the use of programs vectoriales demonstrate the efficiency of communication and comprehension of the proposals, its complexity and constructive possibilities.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	2539
authors	Neuckermans, H., De Ridder, T. and Geebelen, B.
year	1998
title	Speech-Driven Computer-Aided Design - Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.309
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 309-316
summary	The use of computers in architectural design has shifted from what initially was a very numerical approach into a graphical way and thus into a designerly way of working. Through the extensive use of WIMPs CAAD packages today are more or less user-friendly. In the meantime the ever increasing functionality of those packages inflate the number of commands, actions, options and choices which have to be activated with the mouse in order to generate a structured drawing. As a result packages become rather cumbersome to handle. In this research we have explored a new medium, namely speech, to tell the machine what to do. With software for speech recognition and making use of a head-mounted microphone we have built a far more user-friendly way of handling a CAD package. Grids, snap, ortho, layers, settings and other commands that can be used in combination with mouse actions are activated and deactivated by voice command. We are convinced that this is a step further towards a more easy and natural way of using computers while designing and certainly a way for speeding up the modeling of real architecture. The experiment has been conducted for AutoCAD with the software for speech recognition by Lernout & Hauspie. This new way of working is not limited to architecture and the principle can be used right now for any other package, provided it has a programming interface.
keywords	Electronic Design Media, Human-Computer Interaction, Design
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	8a05
authors	Van Leeuwen, J., Dubbelman, T. and Achten, H.
year	1998
title	ICT as a Means of Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.131.2
source	Computerised Craftsmanship [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Paris (France) 24-26 September 1998, pp. 131-137
summary	ICT and architecture are often viewed as separate subjects, that can also be taught separately. If the goal of teaching is to produce learned designers, then it is necessary to combine both issues into a single course. The paper presents the innovation of a traditional CAD course that suffered from decreasing results. We present the problems identified in the existing course and the measures taken to reorganise the contents and didactical approach of the course. The paper focuses on the innovation of the course by the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) both in the contents of the course and as a means of education. Abandoning printed images as the result of students? work, the new course required students to create a web page to present their efforts on architectural design, modelling, and visualisation. This had a beneficial effect on the students? attitude and enthusiasm for the course. It also allowed better planning of the course in terms of
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.paris-valdemarne.archi.fr/archive/ecaade98/html/42van_leeuwen/index.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	6f74
authors	Norman, Richard
year	1998
title	Teaching Computation for Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.115
source	Computers in Design Studio Teaching [EAAE/eCAADe International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 09523687-7-3] Leuven (Belgium) 13-14 November 1998, pp. 115-122
summary	Modeling the formal idea has long been problematic in schools. Renaissance tools, however inspired by the invention of perspective, usually result in two-dimensional sketches. Cardboard and small pieces of wood occasionally become the three-dimensional media of first visualization in studios; modeling on the computer is a newer idea. This paper examines two experiments, one where design fundamentals and solid modeling are introduced in a common studio, the other where instruction is removed from the studio environment and made an adjunct elective. In the first case the course is an introduction to both design and computation, an electronic investigation of Paul Klee’s first principles: point, line, shape, form and space—adding, subtracting, rotating and multiplying objects using Beaux Arts principles to create the design. The result is architectural form-making that was not possible in the studio-past. The second case is a course which isolates computer instruction from the studio, making it a separate academic discipline. Fantasy projects then demonstrate computational principle, exploring pure form without burden of technical or social obligation that studio imposes; alternative methods are presented for introducing design computation to the architectural student.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.eaae.be/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	fce4
authors	Sequin, C.H. and Kalay, Y.
year	1998
title	A suite of prototype CAD tools to support early phases of architectural design
source	Automation in Construction 7 (6) (1998) pp. 449-464
summary	A suite of prototype CAD (computer-aided design) tools has been developed as part of an educational experiment in which an architectural design studio course was combined with a computer science graduate course on architectural CAD to study the collaboration between architects and their clients in a computer-based environment. The suite of tools is based on formalized abstractions inspired by lessons learned in the VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuit) CAD revolution of the 1980s. It encourages a step-by-step transformation of a building program, first into symbolic representations that can be checked and evaluated with automated programs, and eventually into simple but consistent 3-D (three-dimensional) geometry that can be inspected with an interactive walk-through visualization program.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	e174
authors	Simondefti, Alvise
year	1998
title	Rapid Prototyping Based Design: Creation of a Prototype Environment to Explore Three Dimensional Conceptual Design
source	Cyber-Real Design [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-2-9] Bialystock (Poland), 23-25 April 1998, pp. 189-203
summary	Much research and several papers have been written in the field of Rapid Prototyping by engineers with a focus on its capability to increase design and manufacturing process and performances. However only few have addressed the use of Rapid Prototyping in the early stages of the design process. Recently with designers using this technology, a new role is beginning to delineate. This paper looks at Rapid Prototyping as a tool for design thought. All design experiments were conducted by the author working in team with design student colleagues. The experiments focussed on non-trivial design problems and were conducted in parallel with the research on the tools used. The design was inspired by questions raised by the research and similarly the research questions were informed by the development of the design. The first section attempts a summary of technical evaluations by the author of selected rapid prototyping based design environments where the experiments occurred. This section reflects the point of view of the operator. The five environment selected are ordered according to their increasing level of sophistication. By providing an account of several experiments, the second part of the paper highlights the areas of the early stages of design where rapid prototyping appeared to be a unique tool in providing valuable feedback to the designer.
series	plCAD
email
more	http://www.sd.polyu.edu.hk/
last changed	1999/04/08 17:23

_id	d414
authors	Zalewski, Waclaw and Allen, Edward
year	1998
title	Shaping Structures
source	New York: John Wiley and Sons
summary	In Shaping Structures, an engineer and an architect, both longtime teachers of structures at major American universities, collaborate to present an inspired synthesis of the creative and the technical, explicating both the principles of statics and their application to the fascinating task of finding good form for structures. This richly visual volume features: * An easily understood development of the fundamentals of statics * Step-by-step demonstrations, using both numerical and graphical techniques, of simple yet powerful methods for finding form and forces for arched structures, suspended structures, cable-stayed structures, and highly efficient trusses * 120 photographs and more than 300 crisp drawings that illustrate and explain the magnificent structural triumphs of master architects and engineers -including Gustave Eiffel's famous tower, Robert Maillart's soaring bridges, Pier Luigi Nervi's landmark Turin Exhibition Hall, and many others * Calculations in both SI metric and conventional units throughout the book Requiring only the most rudimentary mathematical background yet accurate and fully functional, Shaping Structures provides an inviting point of entry to the study of structural design for engineering and architecture students -proving that the science of statics doesn't have to be lifeless, simplistic, or dull.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	473f
authors	Bartnicka, Malgorzata
year	1998
title	The Influence of Light upon the Spatial Perception of Image
source	Cyber-Real Design [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 83-905377-2-9] Bialystock (Poland), 23-25 April 1998, pp. 21-26
summary	With regard to mental perception, light is one of the basic and strongest experiences influencing man. It is a phenomenon unchanged since the beginning of human kind, regardless of the fact what form or shape it was transmitted in. We are so used to light that we have stopped noticing how much we owe to it. It is the basic source and condition of our visual perception. Without light, illumination, we would not be able to see anything as it is light that transmits the shapes, distances and colours seen by us. The light which we perceive is a specific sight stimulus. It constitutes of only a small range of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation existing in nature. The visible radiation encompasses the wave length from 400 to 800 nm. When the whole range of the visible wave spectrum enters the eye, the impression of seeing white light is produced. The light rays entering the sight receptors are subject to reflection, absorption and transmission. In the retina of the eye, the light energy is transformed into nerve impulses. The reception of light is dependent on the degree of absorption of the length of certain waves and the concentration of light. A ray of light entering the eye pupil is the proper eye stimulus which stimulates the receptors of the retina and causes visual impressions.
series	plCAD
last changed	1999/04/08 17:16

_id	a2b0
id	a2b0
authors	Charitos, Dimitrios
year	1998
title	The architectural aspect of designing space in virtual environments
source	University of Strathclyde, Dept. of Architecure and Building Science
summary	This thesis deals with the architectural aspect of virtual environment design. It aims at proposing a framework, which could inform the design of three-dimensional content for defining space in virtual environments, in order to aid navigation and wayfinding. The use of such a framework in the design of certain virtual environments is considered necessary for imposing a certain form and structure to our spatial experience in there. Firstly, this thesis looks into literature from the fields of architectural and urban design theory, philosophy, environmental cognition, perceptual psychology and geography for the purpose of identifying a taxonomy of spatial elements and their structure in the real world, on the basis of the way that humans think about and remember real environments. Consequently, the taxonomy, proposed for space in the real world is adapted to the intrinsic characteristics of space in virtual environments, on the basis of human factors aspects of virtual reality technology. As a result, the thesis proposes a hypothetical framework consisting of a taxonomy of spatial and space-establishing elements that a virtual environment may comprise and of the possible structure of these elements. Following this framework, several pilot virtual environments are designed, for the purpose of identifying key design issues for evaluation. As it was impossible to evaluate the whole framework, six specific design issues, which have important implications for the design of space in virtual environments, are investigated by experimental methods of research. Apart from providing answers to these specific design issues, the experimental phase leads to a better understanding of the nature of space in virtual environments and to several hypotheses for future empirical research.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/10/29 21:37

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	ad5b
authors	Chu, K.
year	1998
title	Genetic Space
source	A.D.: Architects in Cyberspace II, vol.68, no.11-12, pp.68-73
summary	The twentieth century is the century of convergence. No other century has witnessed the development and profusion of new ideas as the twentieth century, and no other century has experienced the range and scope of events that transpired globally to the extent as this century. Various historical formations and discoveries, unleashed by the Enlightenment, have profoundly changed and transformed the course of human civilization and lead to the maturation of the idea of modernity in this century. With two years left to the start of the next millennium, we are experiencing the effects of modernity that have channeled powerful innovations into the dawn of a new era that could lead, potentially, beyond modernity. More than anything, it signals one of the major premises of the enlightenment to radicalize the substance of nature through the substance of reason and, thereby, altering the modality of the cultural universe of humanity into a genuine cosmopolitical concept. The synthesis of energy, matter and information into a three-parameter system of explanation has created conditions that allow us to think the unthinkable and extend our imagination to the limits of the conceivable. Modernity, from a metaphysical standpoint, brings to light the concept of a transcendental reason that aims to clarify the conditions of possibility for reason as an apriori given. As a consequence, it paved the way for a systemic constitution of a cosmic concept of reason that partakes in the arrival of alien intelligence and one that seems destined to project itself into an ontological domain of its own making. If modernity is an unfinished project, as claimed by some, its program is, nonetheless, being transformed into a cosmogenetic principle where synthesis is the pre-eminent outcome of a return to a second nature, i.e., a transcendent concept of nature. Even though the transcendental dialectic of critical reason is directed towards the timeless unity of the unconditioned, the genitive logic implicit within cosmic reason, itself a form of recursive self-propelling intelligence, appears to be animated by a projective force capable of engendering and pro-creating in the evolutionary sense of the term.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	e6ca
authors	Curry, Michael
year	1998
title	Digital Places: Living With Geographic Information Technologies
source	N.Y.: Routledge
summary	The last twenty-five years have seen major changes in the nature and scope of geographical information. This has happened in one way in society at large, where computers, satellites and global positioning systems have made geographical information more extensive, more detailed and more available. It has happened in another way within the university, where rapidly evolving geographic information systems have been touted as tools useful in a wide range of disciplines, tools that will resolve problems as different as the nature of global climate change and the routing of mail. In both settings the move from manual to computer-based systems is viewed as having a natural trajectory, from less powerful to more powerful technologies. These systems are held to be increasingly able to model and represent all that is important in geographical knowledge and behaviour. They are seen as fitting into and supporting traditional scientific and social practices and institutions. Digital Places: Living with Geographic Information Technologies shows that on each score the systems have been misunderstood and their impacts underestimated. By offering an understanding of Geographic Information Systems within the social, economic, legal, political and ethical contexts within which they exist, the author shows that there are substantial limits to their ability to represent the very objects and relationships, people and places, that many believe to be most important. Focusing on the ramifications of GIS usage, Digital Places shows that they are associated with far-reaching changes in the institutions in which they exist, and in the lives of those they touch. In the end they call for a complete rethinking of basic ideas, like privacy and intellectual property and the nature of scientific practice, that have underpinned public life for the last one hundred years.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	38af
authors	Demirkan, H.
year	1998
title	Integration of reasoning systems in architectural modeling activities
source	Automation in Construction 7 (2-3) (1998) pp. 229-236
summary	In the first phase of a design process, the designer understands the problem and assimilates it to a conceptual framework that is already known to him. Due to the nature of design problems, the reasoning methods and techniques for modeling are not uniform and clear. An integrated reasoning system is proposed for modeling the architectural processes. Such a system may help designers to make decisions based on past experiences as well as domain theory. The performance of the integration approach is compared with the pure case-based and rule-based reasoning systems to study the efficiency and effectiveness in the same domains. The study tried to identify the reasoning systems used by designers pertaining to the interior design applications.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	8fa8
authors	Dolinsek, B. and Duhovnik, J.
year	1998
title	Robotic assembly of rebar cages for beams and columns
source	Automation in Construction 8 (2) (1998) pp. 195-207
summary	In the paper, the design and method of operation of a robot cell for the assembly of rebar cages for beams and columns is described. The input elements are pre-manufactured rebars, and the output consists of rebar cages. Inside the robot cell, assembly is performed by robots equipped with tools for grasping the rebars, tools for bending the stirrups, and tools for welding the stirrups to the longitudinal bars. Various mechanisms for supplying the robots with rebars and supporting them during the assembly process have also been designed. Because of the specific nature of the assembly process, where robots have to successfully avoid various obstacles, mass-produced robots cannot be used for the assembly of rebar cages. For this reason, special robot configurations have to be designed. The robot cell described in this paper is at present at the design stage. It was modelled and simulated using the program 3 for robot simulation, which makes it possible to study, optimise, and design in detail the proposed robot systems. The figures in the paper describing how such a system works have also been taken from this simulation.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	aac0
authors	Garcia, Renato
year	1998
title	Structural Feel or Feelings for Structure? - Stirring Emotions through the Computer Interface in Behaviour Analysis of Building Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.163
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 163-171
summary	The use of computers in the analysis of architectural structures has at present become indispensable and fairly routine. Researchers & professionals in architecture and engineering have taken advantage of current computer technology to develop richer and more comprehensive interactive interfaces in systems designed to analyse structural behaviour. This paper discusses a research project which attempts to further enrich such computer interfaces by embodying emotion or mood (affective) components into them and assessing the effects of incorporating these into multimodal learning modules for students of architecture at the University of Hong Kong. Computer structural analysis is most often used to determine the final state of a structure after full loading, but can also be used very ably to depict the time-history behaviour of a structure. The time-dependent nature of this process of behaviour provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate emotion cues for added emphasis and reinforcement. Studying time-history behaviour of structures is a vital part of classroom learning in structures and this why such emotion cues can have significant impact in such an environment. This is in contrast to the confines of professional engineering practices where these cues may not be as useful or desirable because oftentimes intermediate time history data is bypassed as a blackbox and focus is placed primarily on bottomline analysis results. The paper will discuss the fundamental basis for the establishment of emotional cues in this project as well as it's implementation-which consists mainly of two parts. The first involves 'personifying' the structure by putting in place a structure monitoring system analogous to human vital signs. The second involves setting up a 'ladder' of emotion states (which vary from feelings of serenity to those of extreme anxiety) mapped to the various states of a structures stability or condition. The paper will further elaborate on how this is achieved through the use of percussion, musical motifs, and chord progression in resonance with relevant graphical animations. Initially in this project, emotion cues were used to reinforce two structural behaviour tutoring systems developed by this author (3D Catenary Stuctures module & Plastic Behaviour of Semi-rigid Steel Frames module). These modules were ideal for implementing these cues because both depicted nonlinear structural behaviour in a mainly time-history oriented presentation. A brief demonstration of the actual learning modules used in the project study will also be presented together with a discussion of the assessment of it's effectiveness in actual classroom teaching.
keywords	Affective Interfaces, Human-Computer Interaction, Computer-Aided-Engineering
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	4ea3
authors	Johnson, S.
year	1998
title	What's in a representation, why do we care, and what does it mean? Examining evidence from psychology
source	Automation in Construction 8 (1) (1998) pp. 15-24
summary	This paper examines psychological evidence on the nature and role of representations in cognition. Both internal (mental) and external (physical or digital) representations are considered. It is discovered that both types of representation are deeply linked to thought processes. They are linked to learning, the ability to use existing knowledge, and problem solving strategies. The links between representations, thought processes, and behavior are so deep that even eye movements are partly governed by representations. Choice of representations can affect limited cognitive resources like attention and short-term memory by forcing a person to try to utilize poorly organized information or perform 'translations' from one representation to another. The implications of this evidence are discussed. Based on these findings, a set of guidelines are presented, for digital representations which minimize drain of cognitive resources. These guidelines describe what sorts of characteristics and behaviors a representation should exhibit, and what sorts of information it should contain in order to accommodate and facilitate design. Current attempts to implement such representations are discussed.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	4f90
authors	Kalay, Y.E.
year	1998
title	P3: Computational environment to support design collaboration
source	Automation in Construction 8 (1) (1998) pp. 37-48
summary	The work reported in this paper addresses the paradoxical state of the construction industry (also known as A/E/C, for Architecture, Engineering and Construction), where the design of highly integrated facilities is undertaken by severely fragmented teams, leading to diminished performance of both processes and products. The construction industry has been trying to overcome this problem by partitioning the design process hierarchically or temporally. While these methods are procedurally efficient, their piecemeal nature diminishes the overall performance of the project. Computational methods intended to facilitate collaboration in the construction industry have, so far, focused primarily on improving the flow of information among the participants. They have largely met their stated objective of improved communication, but have done little to improve joint decision-making, and therefore have not significantly improved the quality of the design project itself. We suggest that the main impediment to effective collaboration and joint decision-making in the A/E/C industry is the divergence of disciplinary `world-views', which are the product of educational and professional processes through which the individuals participating in the design process have been socialized into their respective disciplines. To maximize the performance of the overall project, these different world-views must be reconciled, possibly at the expense of individual goals. Such reconciliation can only be accomplished if the participants find the attainment of the overall goals of the project more compelling than their individual disciplinary goals. This will happen when the participants have become cognizant and appreciative of world-views other than their own, including the objectives and concerns of other participants. To achieve this state of knowledge, we propose to avail to the participants of the design team highly specific, contextualized information, reflecting each participant's valuation of the proposed design actions. P3 is a semantically-rich computational environment, which is intended to fulfill this mission. It consists of: (1) a shared representation of the evolving design project, connected (through the World Wide Web) to (2) individual experts and their discipline-specific knowledge repositories; and (3) a computational project manager makes the individual valuations visible to all the participants, and helps them deliberate and negotiate their respective positions for the purpose of improving the overall performance of the project. The paper discusses the theories on which the three components are founded, their function, and the principles of their implementation.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

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