Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	1d83
authors	Dodge, M., Doyle, S. and Smith, A.
year	1998
title	Visual Communication in Urban Planning and Urban Design
source	Working Paper 2; Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis Working Papers; London; June 1998
summary	This Case Study documents the current status of visual communication in urban design and planning. Visual communication is examined through discussion of standalone and network media, specifically concentrating on visualisation on the World Wide Web (WWW). First, we examine the use of Solid and Geometric Modelling for visualising urban planning and urban design. This report documents and compares examples of the use of Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) and proprietary WWW based Virtual Reality modelling software. Examples include the modelling of Bath and Glasgow using both VRML 1.0 and 2.0. The use of Virtual Worlds and their role in visualising urban form within multi-user environments is reviewed. The use of Virtual Worlds is developed into a study of the possibilities and limitations of Virtual Internet Design Arena's (ViDA's), an initiative undertaken at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London. The use of Virtual Worlds and their development towards ViDA's is seen as one of the most important developments in visual communication for urban planning and urban design since the development plan. Secondly, the role of photorealistic media in the process of communicating plans is examined. The process of creating photorealistic media is documented, and examples of the Virtual Streetscape and Wired Whitehall Virtual Urban Interface System are provided. The conclusion is that, although the use of photo-realistic media on the WWW provides a way to visually communicate planning information, its use is limited. The merging of photorealistic media and solid geometric modelling in the creation of Augmented Reality is reviewed. Augmented Reality is seen to provide an important step forward in the ability quickly and easily to visualise urban planning and urban design information. Third, the role of visual communication of planning data through GIS is examined in terms of desktop, three dimensional, and Internet based GIS. The evolution to Internet GIS is seen as a critical component in the development of virtual cities that will allow urban planners and urban designers to visualise and model the complexity of the built environment in networked virtual reality. Finally, a viewpoint is put forward of the Virtual City, linking Internet GIS with photorealistic multi-user Virtual Worlds. At present there are constraints on how far virtual cities can be developed, but a view is provided on how these networked virtual worlds are developing to aid visual communication in urban planning and urban design.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	5cab
authors	Jain, A., Kensek, K. and Noble, D.
year	1998
title	An interactive Web-based teaching tool for simplified 3D analysis of solar rhythms
source	Automation in Construction 8 (2) (1998) pp. 181-194
summary	This case study presents the World Wide Web as an appropriate medium for architectural teaching. The prototypical tool VRSolar uses simple programming and existing Web resources to help in the teaching of topics related to the movement of the sun and its effects on the built environment. Using JavaScript, this tool is capable of generating real time Web content in html and VRML based on user input. Accessible on the Web from within a standard Web browser, this tool calculates the solar positions of any location on earth and indicates the solar access to a given site in the form of a three-dimensional Web page, which the user can view, navigate through, and animate.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	diss_prothero
id	diss_prothero
authors	Prothero, Jerrold D.
year	1998
title	The Role of Rest Frames in Vection, Presence and Motion Sickness
source	University of Washington, HIT-Lab
summary	A framework is presented for comprehending partly participants' spatial percep- tion in virtual environments. Speci c hypotheses derived from that framework in- clude: simulator sickness should be reducible through visual background manipula- tions; and the sense of presence, or of \being in" a virtual environment, should be increased by manipulations that facilitate perception of a virtual scene as a perceptual rest frame. Experiments to assess the simulator sickness reduction hypothesis demon- strated that congruence between the visual background and inertial cues decreased reported simulator sickness and per-exposure postural instability. Experiments to assess the presence hypothesis used two measures: self-reported presence and visual- inertial nulling. Results indicated that a meaningful virtual scene, as opposed to a random one, increased both reported presence and the level of inertial motion re- quired to overcome perceived self-motion elicited by scene motion. The simulator sickness research implies that visual background manipulations may be a means to reduce the prevalent unwanted side-e ects of simulators. The presence research intro- duces a procedure, possibly based on brain-stem level neural processing, to measure the salience of virtual environments. Both lines of research are central to developing e ective virtual interfaces which have the potential to increase the human-computer bandwidth, and thus to partially address the information explosion.
series	thesis:MSc
more	http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/r-98-11/
last changed	2003/11/28 07:35

_id	0beb
authors	Koch, Volker and Russell, Peter
year	2000
title	VuuA.Org: The Virtual Upperrhine University of Architecture
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 23-25
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.023
summary	In 1998, architecture schools in the three nation region of the upper Rhine came together to undertake a joint design studio. With the support of the Center for Entrepeneurship in Colmar, France, the schools worked on the reuse of the Kuenzer Mill situated near Herbolzheim, Germany. The students met jointly three times during the semester and then worked on the project at their home universities usng conventional methods. This project was essential to generating closer ties between the participating students, tutors and institutions and as such, the results were quite positive. So much so, that the organisers decided to repeat the exercise one year later. However, it became clear that although the students had met three times in large groups, the real success of a co-operative design studio would require mechanisms which allow far more intimate interaction among the participants, be they students, teachers or outside experts. The experiences from the Netzentwurf at the Institut für Industrielle Bauproduktion (ifib) showed the potential in a web based studio and the addition of ifib to the three nation group led to the development of the VuuA platform. The first project served to illuminate the the differences in teaching concepts among the partner institutions and their teaching staff as well as problems related to the integration of students from three countries with two languages and four different faculties: landscape architecture, interior design, architecture and urban planning. The project for the Fall of 1999 was the reuse of Fort Kléber in Wolfisheim by Strasbourg, France. The students again met on site to kick off the Semester but were also instructed to continue their cooperation and criticism using the VuuA platform.
keywords	Virtual Design Studio, CSCW, International Cooperation, Planning Platform
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.vuua.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ddssar0203
id	ddssar0203
authors	Alkass, Sabah and Jrade, Ahmad
year	2002
title	A Web-Based Virtual Reality Model for Preliminary Estimates of Hi-Rise Building Projects
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	Cost estimating of a construction project at its early stage is considered to be very important task since it will be used as a base to commit or otherwise not to commit funds to that project. Preparation of a reliableand realistic preliminary estimate to aid the decision makers to commit funds for a specific project is a complicated assignment. Traditional methods and operations produced unsatisfactory aid due to lack ofaccuracy especially in the pre-design stage of a project. This participates in the increase of percentage of bankruptcy in the construction industry, which has dramatically climbed up and ranked as 15 percent of thewhole bankruptcies claimed in Canada (Statistic Canada 1998). This paper presents a methodology for developing and a Web-based model to automate preliminary cost estimates for hi-rise buildings. This is achieved by integrating a database with design drawings in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The model will automatically generate preliminary estimates after modifying a 3D CAD drawing. It provides the user the option to visualize and simulate the drawing and its cost data through VR environment. Having done that, it will allow owners, architects and cost engineers to view a constructed building project, change its geometric objects and shapes, and accordingly generate a new conceptual cost estimate.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	4
authors	Bollinger, Elizabeth and Alvarado, Rodrigo Garcia
year	1998
title	Archetypes as Precedent of Virtual Architectures
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 32-35
summary	Archetypes are psychological concepts described by the renowned Swiss psychologist Cari Jung. It is possible identify archetypal forms in eminent buildings of different regions and ages, recognizing archetypes as a multi-cultural liaison for various architectures. These concepts function as basic precedents of spatial design in different geographical and historical contexts. The emerging digital culture is establishing a plethora of virtual environments, through web-pages of the Internet, global TV, multimedia CD, video games and immersive devices. These virtual environments offer electronic activities and tools for architectural practice. In both senses, virtual architectures conforms to the visual and spatial characteristics of technologies. Thus, electronic capabilities establish digital habitats and references to contemporary architecture. Since virtual architectures are immaterial constructions, perceptual properties guide the spatial and formal design. In that sense, archetypes allow a basic vocabulary for the design of virtual architectures, linking them to cultural history and giving them a human orientation.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	a2b0
id	a2b0
authors	Charitos, Dimitrios
year	1998
title	The architectural aspect of designing space in virtual environments
source	University of Strathclyde, Dept. of Architecure and Building Science
summary	This thesis deals with the architectural aspect of virtual environment design. It aims at proposing a framework, which could inform the design of three-dimensional content for defining space in virtual environments, in order to aid navigation and wayfinding. The use of such a framework in the design of certain virtual environments is considered necessary for imposing a certain form and structure to our spatial experience in there. Firstly, this thesis looks into literature from the fields of architectural and urban design theory, philosophy, environmental cognition, perceptual psychology and geography for the purpose of identifying a taxonomy of spatial elements and their structure in the real world, on the basis of the way that humans think about and remember real environments. Consequently, the taxonomy, proposed for space in the real world is adapted to the intrinsic characteristics of space in virtual environments, on the basis of human factors aspects of virtual reality technology. As a result, the thesis proposes a hypothetical framework consisting of a taxonomy of spatial and space-establishing elements that a virtual environment may comprise and of the possible structure of these elements. Following this framework, several pilot virtual environments are designed, for the purpose of identifying key design issues for evaluation. As it was impossible to evaluate the whole framework, six specific design issues, which have important implications for the design of space in virtual environments, are investigated by experimental methods of research. Apart from providing answers to these specific design issues, the experimental phase leads to a better understanding of the nature of space in virtual environments and to several hypotheses for future empirical research.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/10/29 21:37

_id	032b
authors	Cicognani, Anna
year	1998
title	A linguistic characterisation of design in text-based virtual worlds
source	University of Sydney
summary	In this research, it is suggested that design in text-based virtual worlds can be identified as a series of interactions between users and the virtual environment, and that these interactions for design can be approached using a linguistic perspective. The main assumption of this research is that a parallel can be drawn between the performance of design commands, and the one of speech acts in the physical world. Design in text-based virtual environments can then be articulated using a restricted set of speech acts, as design commands. Virtual worlds, represented as spaces, can be constructed following an architectural design metaphor. This metaphor provides a framework for the organisation of virtual entity relationships, and for the choice of words used to design. A linguistic characterisation is presented, by means of design activities, prototypes and scenarios, which derive from the architectural design metaphor. The characterisation of design is then validated by the analysis of an existing text-based virtual world.
keywords	Virtual Reality; Human-Computer Interaction; Computer-Aided Design; Programming Languages (Electronic Computers); Semantics; Programming Languages (Electronic Computers); Design
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	1de5
authors	Darken, R.P., Allard, T. and Achille, L.B.
year	1998
title	Spatial Orientation and Wayfinding in Large Scale Virtual Spaces
source	Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7 (2), pp. 101-107
summary	Just as the Pathfinder used the lake and the oak tree to reconstruct his environment, so do we structure our environment with streets and houses, landmarks and guiding principles to aid spatial orientation and wayfinding. The basic process of navigation-extracting information, forming mental representations, and using that representation for route planning and moving about-transcends the physical elements of the environment itself. In practice, we use whatever the environment gives us to solve navigation problems as they arise, in the process, continually refining and updating our internal model of the external environment. Although the virtual environments we speak of may be vastly different in their appearance from the Pathfinder's world, the principles underlying spatial orientation and wayfinding in large-scale virtual spaces have many commonalities.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	acdf
authors	Dijkstra, J., Timmermans, H. and Roelen, W.
year	1998
title	Eye Tracking as a User Behavior Registration Tool in Virtual Environments
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 57-66
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.057
summary	Registration of user behavior in a virtual environment is a particular aspect of an ongoing research project which aims to develop a conjoint analysis - virtual reality system. In this paper, the registration of user behavior by eye tracking techniques will be described. It will be advocated that eye-tracking techniques offer interesting possibilities for recording user behavior.
keywords	User Behavior, Conjoint Analysis, Virtual Reality, Decision Making
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	8b38
authors	Do, Ellen Yi-Luen and Gross, Mark D.
year	1998
title	The Sundance Lab- "Design Systems of the Future"
source	ACADIA Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 8-10
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1998.008
summary	The last thirty years have seen the development of powerful new tools for architects and planners: CAD, 3D modeling, digital imaging, geographic information systems, and real time animated walkthroughs. That’s just the beginning. Based on our experience with CAD tools, analysis of design practice, and an understanding of computer hardware and software, we’re out to invent the next generation of tools. We think architects should be shakers and makers, not just consumers, of computer aided design. We started the Sundance Lab (for Computing in Design and Planning) in 1993 with a few people and machines. We’ve grown to more than a dozen people (mostly undergraduate students) and a diverse interdisciplinary array of projects. We’ve worked with architects and planners, anthropologists, civil engineers, geographers, computer scientists, and electrical engineers. Our work is about the built environment: its physical form and various information involved in making and inhabiting places. We cover a wide range of topics – from design information management to virtual space, from sketch recognition to design rationale capture, to communication between designer and computer. All start from the position that design is a knowledge based and information rich activity. Explicit representations of design information (knowledge, rationale, and rules) enables us to engage in more intelligent dialogues about design. The following describes some of our projects under various rubrics.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	de62
authors	Eriksson, Joakim
year	1998
title	Planning of Environments for People with Physical Disabilities Using Computer Aided Design
source	Lund Institute of Technology, School of Architecture
summary	In the area of environment adaptations for people with physical disabilities, it is of vital importance that the design is optimized considering the human-environment interactions. All involved persons in such a planning process must be given sufficient support in understanding the information, so that everyone can participate actively. There is an apparent risk that discussions will be kept between experts, due to difficulties in understanding the complex and technical adaptation issues. This thesis investigates the use of computer-based tools for planning/designing environments for physically disabled people. A software prototype, and a method to use such a tool in the planning process, was developed and evaluated, based on the findings from six case studies of real planning situations. The case studies indicated that although such a tool would support the design, as well as the dialog between the participants, a certain level of technical and economical efficiency must be obtained. To facilitate the professional planner's work, an important issue is to maintain a large library of 3D objects. With the latest prototype implementation, it was found that such a planning tool can be produced, even when using consumer-oriented computers. One previous critical factor, interactive manipulation of 3D objects, can now be achieved if utilizing modern graphic cards with 3D acceleration. A usability test was performed to evaluate the prototype's basic operations, involving two groups of future users: five occupational therapist students, and four persons with major physical impairments. It was found that although the usability was satisfactory for the basic tasks, several items needed to be improved or added in future versions. It is important with an integrated support for manikins, in order to evaluate, e.g., wheelchair accessibility, reach ability, positioning of handrails, etc. This thesis reviews and compiles published anthropometrical and biomechanical data into a uniform segment-by-segment structure, in order to aid the design and modifications of manikins. The compilation was implemented as a spreadsheet document. An MRI investigation of the neck-shoulder region was performed on 20 healthy Scandinavian, female volunteers, measuring various musculoskeletal properties. These measurements can be used for further refinements of manikin specifications and biomechanical models.
keywords	Rehabilitation; Disability; Adaptation; Participatory Planning; Design Tool; 3D Graphics; Computer Aided Design; Virtual Reality; Manikin; Anthropometry; Biomechanics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cervical Spine Kinematics
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	http://www.lub.lu.se/cgi-bin/show_diss.pl?db=global&fname=tec_250.html
last changed	2003/02/26 09:21

_id	0e41
authors	Matthews, David and Temple, Stephen
year	1998
title	A Pedagogy of Interdependent Technologies: An Experimental Studio for Synthesizing Digital and Mechanical Processes
source	Computers in Design Studio Teaching [EAAE/eCAADe International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 09523687-7-3] Leuven (Belgium) 13-14 November 1998, pp. 99-106
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.099
summary	As computer technology is integrated into design curricula, significant shifts in pedagogy must be developed that acknowledge and incorporate alterations in teaching design process. This paper offers a critical analysis of the effects on design productivity of an experimental design studio that proposed and investigated an interdependent relationship of mechanical and digital technologies. A design studio was developed based on linking digital and physical technologies through systematic transformations of one technology into the other. Transformations were structured as a series of projects to test concepts of "making/building" in the form of abstracting/ making concrete, building/un-building, and un-making/making. Student permutations of the transforming operations revealed that design processes occurred as a mutuality, rather than an opposition, of the virtual and material. Design activity was revealed as a patterned flow of systematic formulations built on previous transformations. Key results of the studio indicated increased early development of conceptualization, increased refinement and integration of design issues throughout the project stages, and greater sensitivity to use of materials in a more holistic realization of concepts. Current curriculum structures that fragment technologies and subjugate ideas of craft, technology, and ideation into separate courses or educational issues, do so at the expense of substantive design refinement. The experimental studio of interdependent technologies offers digital and mechanical technologies as an holistic feature of design processes, thus indicating a greater integration of "support" courses into design studio and implicating an increased role of "hands-on constructing" such as that in wood/metal shops.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.eaae.be/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	489a
authors	Matthews, K., Duff, S. and Corner, D.
year	1998
title	A Model for Integrated Spatial and Structural Design of Buildings
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 123-132
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.123
summary	Recent advances in computer graphics and 3D user interfaces have enabled the emergence of 3D sketch modeling as a viable approach to architectural design, especially in the early schematic phase. This paper describes how a system can be built and used which integrates the capabilities of a good structural analysis system in the user-friendly working environment of a design-oriented modeling program. The structure of a building model as seen by finite element algorithms is a schematic idealization of the building's physical structure into nodes, elements, internal releases, boundary conditions, and loads. The more familiar architectural model used for design visualization represents spatial elements such as roofs, floors, walls, and windows. Rather than treat these models independently, the structural model can be defined in relation to the architectural as a virtual model with inherited common characteristics and additional relational and attribute information, using feature-based geometry data structures to organize topological intelligence in the spatial model. This provides the basis for synchronous modification of structural and architectural aspects of the design.
keywords	Structural Design, Spatial Design, Design Integration, Human-Computer Interaction, Feature-Based Modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Geometric Inference
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	1c8e
authors	Schmitt, Gerhard
year	1998
title	Shared Authorship in Design - Phase (X) and Multiplying time
source	Computers in Design Studio Teaching [EAAE/eCAADe International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 09523687-7-3] Leuven (Belgium) 13-14 November 1998, pp. 15-30
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.015
summary	Information Technology allows us to conquer space, time and.. architecture. Information is increasingly tangible, so far as to become an architectural building material itself. Design is no longer restricted to the invention and construction of physical artifacts, it includes virtual worlds, mixed physical and virtual environments, interfaces between the real and the virtual. Design is no longer the responsibility of one single author, although single authorship has always been more of an ideal or a wish rather than a reality. We are now moving towards an increased awareness and acceptance of shared authorship - this is also true outside the field of architecture.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.eaae.be/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	e679
authors	Seichter, H., Donath, D. and Petzold, F.
year	2002
title	TAP – The Architectural Playground - C++ framework for scalable distributed collaborative architectural virtual environments
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 422-426
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.422
summary	Architecture is built information (Schmitt, 1999). Architects have the task of restructuring and translating information into buildable designs. The beginning of the design process where the briefing is transformed into an idea is a crucial phase in the design process. It is where the architect makes decisions which influence the rest of the design development process (Vries et al., 1998). It is at this stage where most information is unstructured but has to be integrated into a broad context. This is where TAP is positioned – to support the architect in finding solutions through the creation of spatially structured information sets without impairing thereby the creative development. We want to enrich the inspiration of an architect with a new kind of information design. A further aspect is workflow in a distributed process where the architect’s work becomes one aspect of a decentralised working patterns. The software supports collaborative work with models, sketches and text messages within an uniform surface. The representations of the various media are connected and combined with each other and the user is free to combine them according to his or her needs.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	451d
authors	Strong, James and Woodbury, Robert F.
year	1998
title	Psyberdesign: Designing the Cognitive Spaces of Virtual Environments
source	Digital Design Studios: Do Computers Make a Difference? [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-07-1] Québec City (Canada) October 22-25, 1998, pp. 276-288
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1998.276
summary	Increasingly, we find ourselves spending more time on a daily basis engaged in a variety of virtual environments, ranging from those discovered when using the stand-alone computer, to more complex distributed networks such as the World Wide Web. Virtual environments are not restricted to the popular and hyped notion of immersive Virtual Reality systems, though, in immersion, such systems provide a dimension of experience sorely lacking in most human-computer interfaces. The design of a diverse range of virtual environments, from textual through to three dimensional, would seem to require insight from those who habitually create immersive experiences, whether real or virtual. The former include architects, the latter the authors of computer games. Virtual environments such as the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, are becoming increasingly confusing to navigate. Exploratory behaviour in these environments requires extensive cognitive effort, and often results in disorientation and a sense of anxiety. This paper attempts to address issues of cognitive mapping in virtual environment design, and the exciting role that architects should occupy in the creation of better virtual environments. A virtual environment tool, called WOMBAT, has been developed to discover more about the relationship between real environment and virtual environment navigation and cognitive mapping, and consequently the degree to which concepts and theories from real environment design and cognitive mapping research can be translated to the virtual environment domain. Both a natural environment and an information environment are being investigated using WOMBAT, with the primary interest being the cognitive mapping and wayfinding activities that are exhibited during exploration.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	a8dc
authors	Will, B.F., Li, T.S., Leung, W.S. and Lee, K.Y.
year	1998
title	A Computer System for Designing Noise Resisting Buildings
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 153-162
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.153
summary	This paper proposes a computer aided system that will allow the design to respond to the predicted traffic noises associated with the given site. This system is a part of a comprehensive interactive system for Environmental Impact Assessment called IOTA. Designers can have real-time feedback on their designs with respect to the environmental impact from the IOTA. Traffic flow, traffic speed, percentage of heavy vehicles, gradient, site layout, etc. are implemented in this system. The noise level at the facade is computed in real-time. The designers can see the distribution of the noise level at the facade of the buildings in a 3D virtual environment while the buildings or the infrastructures are still evolving. It is envisaged that this system is not only good for the design of buildings but also good for the design of new infrastructures and town planning.
keywords	Environmental Impact Assessment, Noise, Prediction, Evaluation, Computer-aided Decision Making
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	c7a3
authors	Witmer, Bob and Singer, Michael
year	1998
title	Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments
source	Presence Vol. 7 No. 3, MIT Press
summary	The effectiveness of virtual environments (VEs) has often been linked to the sense of presence reported by users of those VEs. (Presence is defined as the subjective experience of being in one place or environment, even when one is physically situated in another.) We believe that presence is a normal awareness phenomenon that requires directed attention and is based in the interaction between sensory stimulation, environmental factors that encourage involvement and enable immersion, and internal tendencies to become involved. Factors believed to underlie presence were described in the premier issue of Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. We used these factors and others as the basis for a presence questionnaire (PQ) to measure presence in VEs. In addition we developed an immersive tendencies questionnaire (ITQ) to measure differences in the tendencies of individuals to experience presence. These questionnaires are being used to evaluate relationships among reported presence and other research variables. Combined results from four experiments lead to the following conclusions: (1) the PQ and ITQ are internally consistent measures with high reliability; (2) there is a weak but consistent positive relation between presence and task performance in VEs; (3) individual tendencies as measured by the ITQ predict presence as measured by the PQ; and (4) individuals who report more simulator sickness symptoms in VE report less presence than those who report fewer symptoms.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	4f8e
authors	Yeung, C., Kan, C., Bradford, J. and Wong, R.
year	1998
title	Campus Guided Tour VR System for the University of Hong Kong
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 77-82
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.077
summary	Virtual Reality has been an ideal environment for visualizing three-dimensional models as well as implementing simulation systems such as flight training and surgery preparation. In such a system, the user can be familiar himself/herself with a particular environment or the procedure of a task even before going into the real site or actually performing a task. In this project, we are trying to implement a Guided Tour System inside a Virtual Reality Environment. Basically, a three-dimensional model of the campus of the University of Hong Kong will be built in the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). It is now possible to have a 3D visualization of the model in any Web browser. A non-directed graph can be built based on the 3D model with every branch representing a path, and every node represents a specific location inside the campus. Based on this graph, we can calculate all possible routes between any two nodes and deduce the shortest path between them. The guided tour system is designed in such a way that whenever the user attempts to move to a new place inside the campus, he/she will be brought to there in the quickest way automatically with just a few “mouse-click”. In this project, the Cosmo VRML player will be used as the browser’s plugin, and other associated tasks are developed in Javascript.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Guided Tour
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

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