Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0e42
authors	Rouse, W., Geddes, N. and Curry, R.
year	1998
title	An Architecture for Intelligent Interfaces: Outline of an Approach to Supporting Operators of Complex Systems Articles
source	Human-Computer Interaction 1987-1988 v.3 n.2 pp. 87-122
summary	The conceptual design of a comprehensive support system for operators of complex systems is presented. Key functions within the support system architecture include information management, error monitoring, and adaptive aiding. One of the central knowledge sources underlying this functionality is an operator model that involves a combination of algorithmic and symbolic models for assessing and predicting an operator's activities, awareness, intentions, resources, and performance. Functional block diagrams are presented for the overall architecture as well as the key elements within this architecture. A variety of difficult design issues are discussed, and ongoing efforts aimed at resolving these issues are noted.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	ascaad2006_paper19
id	ascaad2006_paper19
authors	Arjun, G. and J. Plume
year	2006
title	Collaborative Architectural Design as a reflective Conversation: an agent facilitated system to support collaborative conceptual design
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	In this paper, definitions of collaborative design are discussed and understood in terms of a designer’s cognitive collaborations to explore his/her experiential memory for remote idea associations. Based on Schon’s reflective practice theory, Valkenburg and Dorst’s (1998) description of collaborative team designing is adopted as a model for a proposed design conversation system. The design conversation system is aimed at triggering the experiential memory of the designer by associating significant ideas from different design domains to provide different perspectives of a design situation. The paper describes a proposed framework for the design conversation system incorporating computational agents in a blackboard architecture environment.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	4e6b
authors	Kavakli, Manolya
year	1998
title	An IT-based Strategy For Design Education: Knowledge Engineering
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.101
source	Computerised Craftsmanship [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Paris (France) 24-26 September 1998, pp. 101-109
summary	University education is considered to be a "knowledge industry" in a knowledge society. In this paper we describe education as the knowledge transfer from one intelligent system to another, and draw upon the experience in Artificial Intelligence in order to apply it as an active knowledge acquisition strategy for the use of Human Intelligence. In current educational strategies, too often students are treated as passive recipients of knowledge unlike their counterparts (knowledge engineers) in Artificial Intelligence. In design education, we should be concerned with providing students the ability to extract the acquired knowledge from their teachers. In this paper, we put six hypotheses and prove each of them by discussing the methodology of Knowledge Acquisition to improve the process of design education. For an active learning strategy in Knowledge Acquisition, we turn to the wealth of experience made in Knowledge Engineering. In our analogy, we consider students to be Knowledge Engineers, designers to be Knowledge Based Systems, teachers to be the domain experts, and the learning process to equal the Knowledge Acquisition process in Expert System development. Thus, we suggest the use of Knowledge Engineering methods in the acquisition of design knowledge to build a knowledge base. A well-defined knowledge base represented in a Knowledge Based System can serve as a reasoning mechanism for the design actions that are unteachable in characteristics.
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.paris-valdemarne.archi.fr/archive/ecaade98/html/16kavakli/index.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	e35f
authors	Monedero, Javier
year	1998
title	The Role of the Architect in the Age of Automatic Reproduction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.158
source	Computerised Craftsmanship [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Paris (France) 24-26 September 1998, pp. 158-163
summary	This paper is a general reflection on the relationship between computer architectural education and professional practice or, in other words, the social role of architects. This reflection is grounded on the experience of the author as director of a Master program on computerized architectural projects and as professor of two general school courses: one consisting on a theoretical review of computer applications in architecture, the other consisting on a practical development of modeling and visualization techniques. The main argument is that little attention is being given in recent publications and CAAD conferences to the actual role of architect in society and that a big gap is growing between what is currently taught in architectural schools and what happens in real life. This gap has as one pole what is loosely called the "star system" of famous architects that create singular buildings and that constitute the main reference of our architectural culture and, as another pole, the rigid laws of the market that dictate the types of most residential buildings. This lack of attention manifests itself in the unbalanced weight of papers on multimedia, historical modeling or visualization techniques and papers on housing or architectural current elements analysis. Some very interesting lines of research, perhaps distorted due to an insufficient analysis of the general notion of type in architecture, have been abandoned without much comment. The conclusion is that a discussion on this line would perhaps help to define better the distance between computer craftsmanship and architectural education.
series	eCAADe
more	http://www.paris-valdemarne.archi.fr/archive/ecaade98/html/33monedero/index.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2009_1020
id	sigradi2009_1020
authors	Natividade, Veronica Gomes; Alessandro Ventura
year	2009
title	Arquitetura Algorítmica. Uma abordagem conceitual [Algorithmic Architecture: A conceptual approach]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	The current paper aims to a conceptual approach to the widespread algorithmic architectures defined for Terzidis Kostas (2006) through the philosophy of complex sciences theorized by Edgar Morin (1998). It intends to discuss two approaches outwardly contradictory emerged from the theme: on one hand, the conception of contemporary architecture is beyond generation of complex shapes into computer software, on the other hand the overvaluation of logics can lead architects to incur in the same mistake of simplification performed by the modernists.
keywords	new paradigms; algorithimic architecture; complexity; design process
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:56

_id	ddss9803
id	ddss9803
authors	Arentze, T., Borgers, A. and Timmermans, H.
year	1998
title	Extending spatial DSS with spatial choice models of multipurpose shopping trip behaviour
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	Spatial choice or interaction models have been widely used in spatial DSS or customised GIS for analysing the impacts of retail location plans. The models typically used, however, do not account for spatial agglomeration effects on spatial choice behaviour. This study develops a model system for analysing the impacts of retail plans based on a choice model of multipurpose behaviour developed in earlier work. The model system is implemented in the spatial DSS called Location Planner. An empirical study demonstrates the empirical estimation and use of the model for analysing the impacts of an expansion of floor space in the major shopping centre of a middle-sized city in The Netherlands. The results indicate that agglomeration effects as predicted by the model can have substantial impacts on the performance of retail systems. Therefore, it is argued that when incorporated in a spatial DSS, the more complex models have the potential to improve the use of these systems for impact analysis.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	ddss9811
id	ddss9811
authors	Barbanente, A., Conte, E. and Monno, V.
year	1998
title	Changing trends and approaches in human and computer modelling for social housing policies
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	The paper discusses conceptual issues, goals and preliminary results of an on-going research which aims at building a Decision Support System for public housing environmental oriented maintenance and management in a city in Southern Italy, Bari. Traditional post-war Italian housing policies are compared with more recent approaches in the field, pointing out the change from quantitative, aggregated, more simple building problems and relatedapproaches to qualitative, differentiated, complex ones integrating social, economic and environmental dimensions with the aim of regenerating deteriorated residential areas. The paper claims for the need shift, both in the human and computer areas, from traditional quantitative models to new approaches able to manage also qualitative variables, temporal dynamics, emergencies, and intentionality, since they appear key aspects of the real world to be modelled. The housing estate of Bari and its needs of maintenance and management are examined, eliciting essential related knowledge using the interview technique. The clear orientation towards sustainable policies for urban regeneration, at a local, national, and Community level, is also considered. The innovative and collaborative nature of such policies and the attention to be paid to the social aspects ofthe problem require a complex DSS, integrating various kind of hypertexts, information systems and case-based fuzzy expert systems, whose main aims, functions, software and general organisation are outlined in the paper.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	20
authors	Cabezas, M., Mariano, C., MÌtolo, S., MuÒoz, P., Oliva, S. and Ortiz, M.
year	1998
title	Aportes a la EnseÒanza de la ComunicaciÛn Visual (Contributions to the Teaching of Visual Communication)
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 168-173
summary	Going back to the proposal for the incorporation of multimid oriented towards the study of visual communication in 1st year of Architecture and Industrial Design which was presented on the 1st Seminary of Digital Graph that was held in 1997, in the FAU of UBA,it is being developed an educative programme of hypermedial character. Referring to Monge System development, it is though for the students so that they can consul and have a first contact with theoretical concepts. Through direct experience, starting from the studentís pre-existence of a lineal path from general to specific, proposing transversal perspective to start in depth conceptual contents according. Completing the traditional view of drawing by enlarging the iconicity and comprehension of a complex topic like geometry of the space.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	074a
authors	Gross, M.D., Do, E.Y., McCall, R.J., Citrin, W.V., Hamill, P., Warmack, A. and Kuczun, K.S.
year	1998
title	Collaboration and coordination in architectural design: approaches to computer mediated team work
source	Automation in Construction 7 (6) (1998) pp. 465-473
summary	The paper reports on three projects at our laboratory that deal respectively with synchronous collaborative design, asynchronous collaborative design, and design coordination. The Electronic Cocktail Napkin and its mobile extension that runs on hand-held computers supports synchronous design with shared freehand drawing environments. The PHIDIAS hypermedia system supports long-term, asynchronous collaboration by enabling designers of large complex artifacts to store and retrieve rationale about design decisions and the Construction Kit Builder (CKB) supports team design by supporting a priori agreements among team members to avoid conflicts.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	ddss9831
id	ddss9831
authors	Kellett, Ronald and Girling, Cynthia
year	1998
title	Informing Public Participation in Neighborhood ScalePlanning and Design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	Neighborhood scale planning and design in many areas of the United States has been evolving toward a system of negotiated priorities and agreements. Common models include public workshops and design 'charrettes' which bring diverse stakeholders (citizens, land owners, developers, consultantsand public officials, for example) together to develop a mutually acceptable plan. Crucial to the quality and effectiveness of the outcome are decision support tools that help this diverse audience understand, communicate, collaborate and make decisions about complex and often emotional issuesof land use and design. Net Energy Communities (NEC), the project summarized in this paper, creates a suite of computer based tools for this purpose. NEC links three types of computer software — the spatial data manipulation, modeling and visualization capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the illustration and information retrieval capabilities of multimedia relational databases and, the simulation and comparison capabilities of spreadsheet-based calculation models;into four tools — a site modeller, an elements of neighborhood database, a scenario modeller and ascenario calculator. This paper reports on the NEC project as an example of decision support tools for public participation using illustrations and examples from a 420 acre demonstration neighborhood design in progress for the City of Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ddss9861
id	ddss9861
authors	Leusen, M. van and Mitossi, V.
year	1998
title	A practical experiment in representation and analysis of buildings
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	The TYPOLOGY project was set up by the Dutch Government Building Agency (GBA) to explore computerised representations of buildings that allow analysis of various aspects of their performance. So far this project produced the RF-model, an abstract computerised representation.Physical elements of the building are not represented as such, only individual spaces and boundary segments along which they are adjacent are represented explicitly. Spaces can have any number of functional properties such as the general category of floor area they are included in, the activities they accommodate, or the particular safety compartment or circulation system they belong to. Similarly, boundary segments may, for example, provide access or view, may be included in a particularcategory, such as interior walls, or in a safety or security barrier.The RF-model enabled the presentation and quantitative analysis of design proposals for large and complex buildings such as courts of justice and prison buildings. The model is also used in a multiaspect analysis of a series of recently erected Dutch prison buildings. We expect that these first results will develop into a rich and professional precedent-based system, to be used in the early stages of design. The strategic goal of the project is to derive from the accumulated models and their analysis a more general understanding of the relations between a building’s actual characteristics and various aspects of its performance.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	cd26
authors	Mahalingam, Ganapathy
year	1998
title	The Algorithmic Auditorium- A computational Model for Auditorium DesignThe Algorithmic Auditorium- A computational Model for Auditorium Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.143
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 143-152
summary	Auditorium design is a complex task. Various programmatic, functional and acoustical parameters have to be resolved in the spatial design of an auditorium. This ongoing research project deals with the development of a computer-aided design system for the preliminary spatial design of proscenium type auditoriums. The concept of “acoustic sculpting” is used to generate the spatial form of the auditorium from programmatic, functional and acoustical parameters. These parameters are incorporated using a combination of mathematical, empirical and statistical methods. The generation of the spatial form of the auditorium is implemented as an algorithm that is executed on the computer. The spatial form of the auditorium generated by the system is exported as a computer model for design development and acoustical analysis.
keywords	Auditorium Design, Acoustic Sculpting, Computational Modeling, Virtual Computers, Software-ICs
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	0e29
authors	Mahdavi, A.
year	1998
title	Computational decision support and the building delivery process: a necessary dialogue
source	Automation in Construction 7 (2-3) (1998) pp. 205-211
summary	The current critical discourse of computational design support systems (particularly building performance modeling tools) focuses more often than not on the `endogenous' system problems, that is deficiencies in user communication, absence of integration, and the `black-box' character of the underlying computational routines. As a result of this mostly valid criticism, work has been initiated in various quarters to improve modeling-based decision support environments. This paper argues that parallel efforts are needed to address other factors that go beyond the immediate technical realm of tool-making and involve matters pertaining to issues of building design and construction process at large. The building delivery process has traditionally been regarded as a discrete and sequential set of activities. This state of affairs is the result of a historical evolution driven by many factors, one of which might be the necessity to organize the activities for the purpose of establishing a professional fee structure that is commensurate with the scope of work and level of accountability or responsibility. However, within the context of rapidly changing building technologies, production processes, and knowledge transfer mechanisms, the existing procedural framework no longer seems capable of meeting the increasingly complex demands associated with the creation of the built environment. While the technical capabilities of decision support tools are expanding, they still fall short of challenging the very logic of the often nonintegrated processes they are designated to support. It may be understandable that, as compared to tools, processes tend to be more resilient to structural changes because of their inherent communicative nature, evolved over time through general acceptance and consensus. This paper argues, however, that careful study of the necessary conditions under which significant structural changes in the building delivery process would evolve, can effectively inform the developmental strategies in computational design support toward anticipation and encouragement of such changes.
series	journal paper
email
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	34
authors	Regot, Joaquin and De Mesa, Andres
year	1998
title	Modelado de Superficies Complejas. La Casa Mila de Antonio Gaudi (Modeling of Complex Surfaces. The House Mila of Antonio Gaudi)
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 258-265
summary	This paper explains the three-dimensional representation procedure of one fragment of Mil· house elevation designed by the architect Antoni GaudÌ. The generation process of an architectonic virtual model constituted by free form surfaces like this, represents a paradigm of high level difficulty in CAD modeling. The main objective of our research has been not only construct a model that shows the complex form of its architecture, but also verify the performance of the different tools supported by computer aided design programs in the management of surface modeling.We obtained an accurate information of the real surface elevation with a photogrammetric survey using contour lines. The transformation of this kind of data in a three-dimensional model was not immediately Thus, we have had study different ways to generate the three-dimensional model solution. The process began with the construction of different surface models supported by analytic functions, but the obtained surfaces made with this system were deficient and not too much satisfactory. That's why, we use a polyhedron mesh surface method in order to improve these results.in spite of this methodology reductive performance, (compared with analytic function systems), the obtained surface demonstrated that this technique was the best way to satisfy the requirement of a free form surface previously established as we want to construct. From this point the principal problem was generate a surface defined by two-dimensional data, (contour lines), applying an automatic process sufficiently fast to compete with the analytic function systems.To satisfy the demand was necessary make complementary software to improve the process and allow more fluidity to resolve this typology of surfaces. We achieved this phase thanks to Joan Miquel Quilez collaboration and the constant dedication in the elaboration of complementary software to computer aided design. Finally, the introduction of render systems with lights, shadows, textures and reflected images, allowed show the studied elevation area of Mil· house with more accuracy. Thus, the limits and contours of the finally surface were more evident and help us to known the properties of a non- materialized free form surface successfully.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:58

_id	ba1b
authors	Schnier, T. and Gero, J.S.
year	1998
title	From Frank Lloyd Wright to Mondrian: Transforming evolving representations
source	I. Parmee (Ed.), Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, Springer, London, pp. 207-219
summary	If a computer is to create designs with the goal of following a certain style it has to have information about this style. Unfortunately, the most often used method of formal representations of style, shape grammars, does not lend itself to automated implementation. However, It has been shown how an evolutionary system with evolving representation can provide an alternative approach that allows a system to learn style knowledge automatically and without the need for an explicit representation. This paper shows how the applicability of evolved representation can be extended by the introduction of transformations of the representation. One such transformation allows mixing of style knowledge, similar to the cross-breeding of animals of different races, with the added possibility of controlling exactly what features are used from which source. This can be achieved through different ways of mixing representations learned from different examples and then using the new, combined representation to create new designs. In a similar manner, information learned in one application domain can be used in a different domain. To achieve this, either the representation or the genotype-phenotype transformation has to be adapted. The same operations also allow mixing of knowledge from different domains. As an example, we show how style information learned from a set of Mondrian paintings can be combined with style information from a Frank Lloyd Wright window design, to create new window designs. Also, we show how the combined style information can then be used to create three-dimensional objects, showing style features similar to the newly designed windows.
keywords	Genetic Engineering, Learning
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:02

_id	d166
authors	Shin, Yongjae and Han, Soon-Hung
year	1998
title	Data enhancement for sharing of ship design models
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 30 (12) (1998) pp. 931-941
summary	Within a shipyard, many designers each having their own design objective cooperate in a complex design situation where a variety of software tools run on differenthardware platforms. The exchange of design data models among these heterogeneous CAD systems is a difficult task because the systems involved have different datastructures optimized for their own functions. CAD geometric models are represented by different schemes such as 2D graphic entities, 3D wireframe, 3D surface model,and solid B-Rep/CSG model. A data exchange usually requires topological modifications of CAD data. This paper presents a strategy of CAD data enhancement for thepurpose of data exchange that includes topological changes of geometric models. As a practical example, a shipbuilding product model with shipbuilding features isimplemented according to the STEP methodology. Its geometric data is enhanced through a non-manifold modeler to a data set valuable to downstream applications suchas a FEM solver or a detail design system. The ACIS modeler that supports a non-manifold data structure is used for low-level geometric operations.
keywords	CAD Data Exchange, STEP, Feature, Non-Manifold Model, Ship Structure
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	14fb
authors	Tah, J.H.M., Howes, R. and Losifidis, P.
year	1998
title	Information Modelling and Sharing in the CO-CIS Project
source	The Int. Journal of Construction IT 6(2), pp. 67-85
summary	Complex information structures are generated and exchanged during the life cycle of large projects. The key to realising improved collaboration amongst the several disciplines involved is in the integration of such structures. Object-orientation has emerged as an appropriate approach for handling the complexity inherent in construction domains. This paper presents a pure object-oriented Integrated Building Project Model (IBPM). The model is a definition of objects and relationships that pertain to the three different construction-related disciplines of architecture, structural engineering and project management. It provides the basis by which software applications can share objects and a means of achieving integration. From the IBPM, the notion of Intelligent Object Classes (IOCs) is introduced, leading to the COllaborative Construction Integrated System (CO-CIS), the development of which is described in terms of its generic conceptual architecture. The exploitation of the architecture in a prototype implementation of the IBPM and IOCs is demonstrated by the generation of construction schedules through the integration of CAD and project management packages.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	f02d
authors	Vries, B. de, Achten, H. and Jessurun, J.
year	1998
title	What offers Virtual Reality to the Designer?
source	Proceedings of Conference on Integrated Design & Process Technology, Berlin, Germany
summary	Virtual Reality being a relatively new technology receives much attention in scientific research as well as in public news media. In the first case because of the technical problems that still have to be solved to offer the functionality and performance required by the application developers. In the second case because of the appealing interface between the application user and the computer system. Design in general and especially architectural design has a long-standing tradition in solving design problems by mixing artistic and scientific approaches. Research has resulted in design theories and methodologies in order to better understand the design process and from that to improve the quality of the designed product. Before applying Virtual Reality as an enabling technology for design, the characteristics of the technology and of the application must be specified. This is not an easy job since VR is not yet very 'stable' and design is a very complex process. From the knowledge and experience in the Calibre research group a first draft of a specification is presented so that we can draw some conclusions on the applicability of VR for design.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	6602
authors	Clayton, Mark J.
year	1998
title	Computing in Civil Engineering 1998
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1998.x.q8w
source	ACADIA Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 7
summary	Just before our ACADIA 98 conference, a conference was held in Boston addressing similar issues in the related profession of civil engineering. Sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the conference was titled the International Computing Congress in Civil Engineering and was the fifteenth in the Computing in Civil Engineering series. Although the interests of civil engineers include nonarchitectural subjects such as traffic engineering, bridge building, and sanitation engineering, a large number of participants at the conference identify their area of interest as building engineering. Consequently, the conference addressed many issues of interest to architects. Sessions and presentations at the Congress paralleled those at ACADIA conferences. The World Wide Web was a topic of much discussion, just as it has been at ACADIA conferences. Civil engineering researchers are also exploring how to put courses on the Web, how to use the Internet to support collaboration, and how to distribute product data across the Web.Other papers addressed case-based reasoning, applications of object-oriented programming, expert systems, design education, automated building code checking, and product modeling. Not only did the Congress include a wide range of architecturally relevant topics, it was truly international, including participants from Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa and the Americas.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	e6ca
authors	Curry, Michael
year	1998
title	Digital Places: Living With Geographic Information Technologies
source	N.Y.: Routledge
summary	The last twenty-five years have seen major changes in the nature and scope of geographical information. This has happened in one way in society at large, where computers, satellites and global positioning systems have made geographical information more extensive, more detailed and more available. It has happened in another way within the university, where rapidly evolving geographic information systems have been touted as tools useful in a wide range of disciplines, tools that will resolve problems as different as the nature of global climate change and the routing of mail. In both settings the move from manual to computer-based systems is viewed as having a natural trajectory, from less powerful to more powerful technologies. These systems are held to be increasingly able to model and represent all that is important in geographical knowledge and behaviour. They are seen as fitting into and supporting traditional scientific and social practices and institutions. Digital Places: Living with Geographic Information Technologies shows that on each score the systems have been misunderstood and their impacts underestimated. By offering an understanding of Geographic Information Systems within the social, economic, legal, political and ethical contexts within which they exist, the author shows that there are substantial limits to their ability to represent the very objects and relationships, people and places, that many believe to be most important. Focusing on the ramifications of GIS usage, Digital Places shows that they are associated with far-reaching changes in the institutions in which they exist, and in the lives of those they touch. In the end they call for a complete rethinking of basic ideas, like privacy and intellectual property and the nature of scientific practice, that have underpinned public life for the last one hundred years.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

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