Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss9806
id	ddss9806
authors	Besio, M., Frixione, M. and Pedemonte, O.
year	1998
title	GIS technologies in the transfer of theknowledge project to the plan projectmultiple representation of the environmental spaces
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	An analysis is made of the relation between the conceptualand paradigmatic level of GIS technologies and the new forms of plan, whichmake environment the center of attention. The intention is to study newcriteria for zoning able to give contextual representations of theterritorial, environmental and landscape aspects of the geographical space,and also to study new legislative principles, able to establish integratedrules for theprojecting of soil uses, the safeguarding and recovery ofenvironmental systems and the tutelage and boosting of the landscape. The experimentation of GIS (Geographical Information System)technologies aims at the construction of systems helping to make decisionsfor the control of the environmental and landscape aspects of theterritory. An analysis is made of the ways in which there are formulated thedescriptions of the various aspects of the environment: the conceptsthrough which knowledge is expressed, the languages used forrepresentations, the cognitive models adopted. GIS technologies have made it possible to represent in an explicitmanner the paradigms underlying the various models of knowledge.Specifically, the following cognitive models have been developed:- ecological models of nature- ecological models of human settlement- ecological models of inhabitants’ mental perceptions
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	0beb
authors	Koch, Volker and Russell, Peter
year	2000
title	VuuA.Org: The Virtual Upperrhine University of Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.023
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 23-25
summary	In 1998, architecture schools in the three nation region of the upper Rhine came together to undertake a joint design studio. With the support of the Center for Entrepeneurship in Colmar, France, the schools worked on the reuse of the Kuenzer Mill situated near Herbolzheim, Germany. The students met jointly three times during the semester and then worked on the project at their home universities usng conventional methods. This project was essential to generating closer ties between the participating students, tutors and institutions and as such, the results were quite positive. So much so, that the organisers decided to repeat the exercise one year later. However, it became clear that although the students had met three times in large groups, the real success of a co-operative design studio would require mechanisms which allow far more intimate interaction among the participants, be they students, teachers or outside experts. The experiences from the Netzentwurf at the Institut für Industrielle Bauproduktion (ifib) showed the potential in a web based studio and the addition of ifib to the three nation group led to the development of the VuuA platform. The first project served to illuminate the the differences in teaching concepts among the partner institutions and their teaching staff as well as problems related to the integration of students from three countries with two languages and four different faculties: landscape architecture, interior design, architecture and urban planning. The project for the Fall of 1999 was the reuse of Fort Kléber in Wolfisheim by Strasbourg, France. The students again met on site to kick off the Semester but were also instructed to continue their cooperation and criticism using the VuuA platform.
keywords	Virtual Design Studio, CSCW, International Cooperation, Planning Platform
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.vuua.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	21ac
authors	Mogensen, Preben Holst
year	1998
title	When Survival is an Issue: PD in Support of Landscape Architecture
source	Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 7(3): 187-203; Jan1998
summary	This paper reports on an ongoing project involving researchers from Lancaster Universityand a branch of a landscape architecture firm. It explores some of the possibilities pursued in theproject as well as the conditions they encountered. Specifically, it describes the introduction ofsupport for graphic work and electronic communication in a context characterised by continuousfinancial pressure, downsizing, and the need for short term gains. It seeks to contribute to the accumulationof experience within the participatory design community by reporting on an ongoing projectas regards its objectives in relationship to its context.
keywords	Design; Possibilities; Conditions; Landscape Architecture; Participatory Design
series	other
email
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	7561
authors	Streitz, N. A., Gei_ler, J. and Holmer, T.
year	1998
title	Roomware for Cooperative Buildings: Integrated Design of Architectural Spaces and Information Spaces
source	N.A. Streitz, S. Konomi, and H-J Burkhardt (eds), Cooperative Buildings: Integrating Information, Organization, and Architecture, Proceedings of CoBuild‘98, Springer, pp. 4-21
summary	In this paper, we introduce the concepts of "cooperative buildings" and "roomware" and place them in the context of the integrated design of real, physical, resp. architectural spaces and virtual, resp. digital information spaces. By "roomware" we mean computer-augmented things in rooms, like doors, walls, furniture, and others. The general approach is detailed via examples from the i-LAND project where we develop several "roomware" components in order to realize an interactive information and cooperation landscape, e.g. an innovative work environment for creativity teams. We describe the current realization of i-LAND which includes an interactive electronic wall, an interactive table, computer-augmented chairs, and a mechanism for assigning physical objects as representatives of information objects in the virtual world.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ddss9858
id	ddss9858
authors	Tisma, Alexandra
year	1998
title	Designing and Deciding
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	In the highly urbanized and densely populated western part of The Netherlands, called Randstad, the space is scarce and therefore the landscape is under the constant pressure. The changes in the landscapeare often the result of decisions brought up by the actors involved in planning in different time periods and different levels of spatial scales. Currently used procedures in the spatial planning practice in TheNetherlands are long lasting and inefficient, based on the old fashioned unicentric model of decision making. The changes in modern ‘informational’ society reflect in growing need for other models than those of hierarchical type. This research deals with urban designs and corresponding decisions which caused the transformation of the original landscape into the urban environment. The aim is to develop a DSS for common citizens inpluricentric society, which will help them to define their individual opinion and choice preferences before they take part in collective negotiations with other decision makers. The DSS will be developed and tested on the case-study area of the Masterplan for South Axes in Amsterdam.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	297e
authors	Van Asperdt, Anita and Diamond, Beth
year	1998
title	Integrating Digital Media in the Lanscape Architecture Studio: Overlaying Media and Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1998.074
source	Digital Design Studios: Do Computers Make a Difference? [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-07-1] Québec City (Canada) October 22-25, 1998, pp. 74-86
summary	For landscape architecture students beginning to experiment with computer generated imagery, the focus should be on integrating digital media in a comprehensive manner, throughout various phases of the design process. Digital media exercises must be developed in such a manner that they support, express and enhance the design content of a studio project in conjunction with the chosen design process. In a beginning-level studio, digital media is best explored through easy-to-learn applications in a structured yet flexible studio environment. One powerful way to integrate digital media with design inquiry in a comprehensive and reciprocal manner is the electronic overlay of information and poetic impressions. This method takes on particular relevance in dealing with the multiple issues that face landscape architects today.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	4b50
authors	Vera, A., Kvan, T., West, R. and Lai, S.
year	1998
title	Expertise, Collaboration and Bandwidth Usability of Groupware
source	Proceedings of ACM CHI 98 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 1998 v.1 pp. 503-510
summary	This paper describes the results of a study evaluating the effects of computer mediation on collaboratively solving architectural design problems. Pairs of graduate design students were asked to work on a landscape architecture design problem via computer terminals. In one condition they were allowed to communicate with an electronic whiteboard and a chat-line while in the other, the chat-line was substituted with video-conferencing (real-time video and audio). The protocols were evaluated according to two models. First, they were coded according to the pattern of collaboration, distinguishing meta-planning, negotiation, evaluation, and individual work. No differences were found between the two groups when coded this way. The protocols were also coded in terms of the problem-solving content, distinguishing task-related exchanges, interface-related exchanges, low-level design exchanges, and high-level design exchanges. The results showed that in the bandwidth-limited chat-line condition, participants cut down task and interface-related as well as low-level design exchanges but attempted to maintain the same amount of high-level design exchanges. When the final designs were evaluated by professional architects, no differences were found between two conditions indicating that chat-line participants implicitly compensate for the narrower bandwidth interface.
keywords	Cognitive Models; Expertise; Collaboration; CSCW
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	581f
authors	Vera, A., Kvan, Th., West, R. and Lai, S.
year	1998
title	Expertise and collaborative design
source	CHI’98 Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: ACM, 1998, pp. 503-510
summary	This paper describes the results of a study evaluating the effects of computer mediation on collaboratively solving architectural design problems. Pairs of graduate design students were asked to work on a landscape architecture design problem via computer terminals. In one condition they were allowed to communicate with an electronic whiteboard and a chat-line while in the other; the chat-line was substituted with video-conferencing (real-time video and audio). The protocols were evaluated according to two models. First; they were coded according to the pattern of collaboration; distinguishing meta-planning; negotiation; evaluation; and individual work. No differences were found between the two groups when coded this way. The protocols were also coded in terms of the problem-solving content; distinguishing task-related exchanges; interface-related exchanges; low-level design exchanges; and high-level design exchanges. The results showed that in the bandwidth-limited chat-line condition; participants cut down task and interface-related as well as low-level design exchanges but attempted to maintain the same amount of high-level design exchanges. When the final designs were evaluated by professional architects; no differences were found between two conditions indicating that chat-line participants implicitly compensate for the narrower bandwidth interface.
keywords	Cognitive Models; Expertise; Collaboration; CSCW
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	30
authors	Vizcaino, M.S., Leal, M., Maria, L., Persia, M. and Tamagnini, A.
year	1998
title	Base de Datos Bodega (Data Base Warehouse)
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 232-237
summary	The architectural objects and their site are an indivisible part of the concrete culture of a place.in order to achieve the protection of the Cultural Property, the indispensable previous step is the fulfilment of an inventory. If a good inventory is not available, serious tasks of public awareness could not be carried out, nor could be adopted policies or specific safeguard projects. Besides, neither criteria nor protective measurements in the plans of urban or regional development could be incorporated. Finally, we could not discuss with the sufficient scientific support. San Juan has climatic features typical of and regions with high seismic risk, scarce hydric resources, landscape diversity and singular vegetation. This favoured the cultivation of vineyards as well as the construction of important industrial buildings. In this sense, the Architecture of the Vine Production and Wine - making gave rise to establishments (buildings and sites), whose architectural characteristics, in a holistic consideration, are part of the Provincial Architectural Patrimony. A relational database structured by fields related to different levels of information was designed so as to fulfil this inventory. The data processing application used enables to search and ask for information by means of an easy access interface with the following possibilities :expansion, versatility in the design of visualization-printing plugs and readiness to migrate to other formats.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	ddss9801
id	ddss9801
authors	Achten, Henri and Leeuwen, Jos van
year	1998
title	A Feature-Based Description Technique for Design Processes: A Case Study
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	In order to develop appropriate tools for decision support in design processes, it is necessary to found them on an understanding of design. Analytical techniques of design processes that have a direct relationship with tool development can enhance design support systems development. The paper focuses on a design support system in the VR-DIS research program. The aim of this research program is to develop insight in the architectural design process and to establish design tools for architectsworking in Virtual Reality. The basic approach for data modelling in VR in this research is based on an extension of the Feature Based Modelling paradigm taken from design in mechanical engineering. The computer model of the design in the system is a Feature-based model. This paper describes design processes in terms of changes in the Feature-based model of the design. For this purpose, a case of a house design is used. Drawings in the conceptual design phase up to the preliminary design phase arestudied. Each state of the drawings is described in terms of a Feature-model. Particular design actions such as creation of spaces, definition of architectural elements, and changes during the design process can be expressed in terms of changes in the Feature-model. Because of the use of Features, the changes can be formalised in the VR-DIS system. The description in terms of Features offers an analytical toolthat leads to a functional brief for design support tools. The paper ends with a discussion of implications and future work.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	e78b
authors	Akin, O. and Akin, C.
year	1998
title	On the process of creativity in puzzles, inventions, and designs
source	Automation in Construction 7 (2-3) (1998) pp. 123-138
summary	The most common means of identifying creativity has been through its products. In architecture, music, writing, art, even puzzle solving and scientific discovery, the prerequisite for considering creativity has been the presence of a creative product. Alternatively, anecdotal descriptions have been used to identify processes that are considered creative. Many scientific discoveries have been linked to a sudden realization or unexplainable revelation punctuated with the AHA! response. Outside of the creative product itself and the AHA! response, the kinds of concrete evidence that point to the process of creativity are precious few. Our purpose here is to further examine these phenomena and develop hypotheses about the nature of the creative process. Our ultimate aim is to develop a general theory of creativity. We intend to base this theory on a set of conditions that are necessary for the creative process to take place in a number of domains: puzzles, scientific discoveries, and design, with special emphasis on architectural design.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	ddss9802
id	ddss9802
authors	Akin, O., Aygen, Z., Cumming, M., Donia, M., Sen, R. and Zhang, Y.
year	1998
title	Computational Specification of Building Requirements in theEarly Stages of Design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	We have been exploring computational techniques to help building designers to specify design requirements during the early stages of design. In the past, little has been accomplished in this area either in terms of innovative computational technologies or the improvement of design performance.The prospect of improving design productivity and creating a seamless process between requirements specification and formal design are our primary motivations. This research has been conducted as partof a larger project entitled SEED (Software Environment to Support Early Phases in Building Design). SEED features an open-ended modular architecture, where each module provides support for a design activity that takes place in early design stages. Each module is supported by a database to store and retrieve information, as well as a user interface to support the interaction with designers. The module described in this paper, SEED-Pro (the architectural programming module of SEED), is a workingprototype for building design requirements specification. It can be used by other modules in SEED or by design systems in other domains, such as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, industrial designand electrical engineering. Our approach to SEED-Pro is divided into two phases: core, and support functionalities. The core functionalities operate in an interactive mode relying on a case-based approach to retrieve and adapt complex specification records to the problem at hand. The supportfunctionalities include the case-base, the data-base, and the standards processing environment for building specification tasks. Our findings indicate that SEED-Pro: (1) is a tool that structures the unstructured domain of design requirements; (2) enables the integration of design requirements with the rest of the design process, (3) leads to the creation of complex case-bases and (4) enables the observation of their performance in the context of real world design problems.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	ddssar0203
id	ddssar0203
authors	Alkass, Sabah and Jrade, Ahmad
year	2002
title	A Web-Based Virtual Reality Model for Preliminary Estimates of Hi-Rise Building Projects
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	Cost estimating of a construction project at its early stage is considered to be very important task since it will be used as a base to commit or otherwise not to commit funds to that project. Preparation of a reliableand realistic preliminary estimate to aid the decision makers to commit funds for a specific project is a complicated assignment. Traditional methods and operations produced unsatisfactory aid due to lack ofaccuracy especially in the pre-design stage of a project. This participates in the increase of percentage of bankruptcy in the construction industry, which has dramatically climbed up and ranked as 15 percent of thewhole bankruptcies claimed in Canada (Statistic Canada 1998). This paper presents a methodology for developing and a Web-based model to automate preliminary cost estimates for hi-rise buildings. This is achieved by integrating a database with design drawings in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The model will automatically generate preliminary estimates after modifying a 3D CAD drawing. It provides the user the option to visualize and simulate the drawing and its cost data through VR environment. Having done that, it will allow owners, architects and cost engineers to view a constructed building project, change its geometric objects and shapes, and accordingly generate a new conceptual cost estimate.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	3
authors	Andia, Alfredo
year	1998
title	Computadoras y Arquitectura en la Era Digital (Computers and Architecture in the Digital Era)
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 22-31
summary	It seems that when architects think, and talk about computers, they only reflect on very narrow images of the phenomenon. Architects think that the impact of computers in their profession is only related to how PCs, CAD/CAM, networks, software, peripherals, can improve the way they work today. Architects, by enlarge, are unable to reflect beyond the screen of their computers and the wall of their offices when it comes to recognize the real consequences resulting from the new technological advances. In this paper we argue that we should think differently. We must recognize that computers are having much more profound impact on the profession. Computers - the technology of the fantastic, par excellence - are changing the city! They are fundamentally transforming the way we use space, and buildings! Computers are beginning to create new kinds of urban cultures and infrastructures. Building types such as offices, banks, retail spaces, and museums are being transformed into virtual workplaces, telecommuting centers, networks of automated teller machines, home banking, smart stores and multimedia experiences. Computers are transforming the concept of working, the concept of banking, the concept of shopping, etc. In the end, something fundamental about the architecture of these activities.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddss9803
id	ddss9803
authors	Arentze, T., Borgers, A. and Timmermans, H.
year	1998
title	Extending spatial DSS with spatial choice models of multipurpose shopping trip behaviour
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	Spatial choice or interaction models have been widely used in spatial DSS or customised GIS for analysing the impacts of retail location plans. The models typically used, however, do not account for spatial agglomeration effects on spatial choice behaviour. This study develops a model system for analysing the impacts of retail plans based on a choice model of multipurpose behaviour developed in earlier work. The model system is implemented in the spatial DSS called Location Planner. An empirical study demonstrates the empirical estimation and use of the model for analysing the impacts of an expansion of floor space in the major shopping centre of a middle-sized city in The Netherlands. The results indicate that agglomeration effects as predicted by the model can have substantial impacts on the performance of retail systems. Therefore, it is argued that when incorporated in a spatial DSS, the more complex models have the potential to improve the use of these systems for impact analysis.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	ascaad2006_paper19
id	ascaad2006_paper19
authors	Arjun, G. and J. Plume
year	2006
title	Collaborative Architectural Design as a reflective Conversation: an agent facilitated system to support collaborative conceptual design
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	In this paper, definitions of collaborative design are discussed and understood in terms of a designer’s cognitive collaborations to explore his/her experiential memory for remote idea associations. Based on Schon’s reflective practice theory, Valkenburg and Dorst’s (1998) description of collaborative team designing is adopted as a model for a proposed design conversation system. The design conversation system is aimed at triggering the experiential memory of the designer by associating significant ideas from different design domains to provide different perspectives of a design situation. The paper describes a proposed framework for the design conversation system incorporating computational agents in a blackboard architecture environment.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	4894
authors	Asanowicz, Aleksander
year	1998
title	Approach to Computer Implementation in Architectural Curriculum
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.004
source	Computerised Craftsmanship [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Paris (France) 24-26 September 1998, pp. 4-8
summary	This paper examines traditional teaching methods in architecture and identifies opportunities which are offered by computers for changing the teaching process. Introduction of CAAD to the teaching schedules unquestionably and explicity uncovered a need of changes within the whole schedule of study. In this paper we will submit the thesis that the problem does not lay in how will CAAD be incorporated into the architectural curriculum, because it is the CAAD that has the potential to become an integrating factor of architectural curriculum.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.paris-valdemarne.archi.fr/archive/ecaade98/html/22asanowicz/index.htm
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ddss9804
id	ddss9804
authors	Assaf, S.
year	1998
title	A Decision Support System (DSS) for Forward Housing Planning
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	This paper presents a specification of a Local Housing Strategy Decision Support System (LHS-DSS) (Conceptual and Physical model design). Emphasis throughout the design process is laid on the techniques that provide housing planners with accurate rapid assistance during the preparation process of local housing strategy. Relevant knowledge (descriptive, procedural, reasoning) and data about each step of the process, options for each situation as it arises, and a record of decisions made with underlying reasons are provided to system users. Three main components are identified to shape up the LHS-DSS: the language system for addressing housing problems; knowledge system which is responsible for gathering and accumulating the housing knowledge required; and problem processing system (an inquiry system) which produces suitable and effective recommendations to support the strategy preparation process.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	ddss9811
id	ddss9811
authors	Barbanente, A., Conte, E. and Monno, V.
year	1998
title	Changing trends and approaches in human and computer modelling for social housing policies
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	The paper discusses conceptual issues, goals and preliminary results of an on-going research which aims at building a Decision Support System for public housing environmental oriented maintenance and management in a city in Southern Italy, Bari. Traditional post-war Italian housing policies are compared with more recent approaches in the field, pointing out the change from quantitative, aggregated, more simple building problems and relatedapproaches to qualitative, differentiated, complex ones integrating social, economic and environmental dimensions with the aim of regenerating deteriorated residential areas. The paper claims for the need shift, both in the human and computer areas, from traditional quantitative models to new approaches able to manage also qualitative variables, temporal dynamics, emergencies, and intentionality, since they appear key aspects of the real world to be modelled. The housing estate of Bari and its needs of maintenance and management are examined, eliciting essential related knowledge using the interview technique. The clear orientation towards sustainable policies for urban regeneration, at a local, national, and Community level, is also considered. The innovative and collaborative nature of such policies and the attention to be paid to the social aspects ofthe problem require a complex DSS, integrating various kind of hypertexts, information systems and case-based fuzzy expert systems, whose main aims, functions, software and general organisation are outlined in the paper.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	c304
authors	Barber, T.and Hanna, R.
year	1998
title	Appraisal of Design Studio Methodologies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.021
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 21-30
summary	This paper investigates the relationship between different design approaches and their effectiveness in the formulation of design concepts. This inquiry will focus on the computer as the sole design and developmental tool. The research employs a short design programme, a small building with a given urban site, as its investigative vehicle. Nineteen second year students of the Mackintosh School of Architecture were monitored and their design progress evaluated. They were split into two groups: one used CAD and AEC as the only drawing and modelling tool, tutorial and review, and another used conventional tools of drawing and model making (mixed media). Structured interviews and personal observations were used as a means for data collection. Questionnaires were administered to students and their response was analysed using the statistical programme SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the Null Hypothesis that different design approaches will not produce different design outcomes. Correlation, Regression and the X2 test of independence were also employed to screen data and identify patterns of relationships.
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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