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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	avocaad_2001_22
id	avocaad_2001_22
authors	Jos van Leeuwen, Joran Jessurun
year	2001
title	XML for Flexibility an Extensibility of Design Information Models
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	The VR-DIS research programme aims at the development of a Virtual Reality – Design Information System. This is a design and decision support system for collaborative design that provides a VR interface for the interaction with both the geometric representation of a design and the non-geometric information concerning the design throughout the design process. The major part of the research programme focuses on early stages of design. The programme is carried out by a large number of researchers from a variety of disciplines in the domain of construction and architecture, including architectural design, building physics, structural design, construction management, etc.Management of design information is at the core of this design and decision support system. Much effort in the development of the system has been and still is dedicated to the underlying theory for information management and its implementation in an Application Programming Interface (API) that the various modules of the system use. The theory is based on a so-called Feature-based modelling approach and is described in the PhD thesis by [first author, 1999] and in [first author et al., 2000a]. This information modelling approach provides three major capabilities: (1) it allows for extensibility of conceptual schemas, which is used to enable a designer to define new typologies to model with; (2) it supports sharing of conceptual schemas, called type-libraries; and (3) it provides a high level of flexibility that offers the designer the opportunity to easily reuse design information and to model information constructs that are not foreseen in any existing typologies. The latter aspect involves the capability to expand information entities in a model with relationships and properties that are not typologically defined but applicable to a particular design situation only; this helps the designer to represent the actual design concepts more accurately.The functional design of the information modelling system is based on a three-layered framework. In the bottom layer, the actual design data is stored in so-called Feature Instances. The middle layer defines the typologies of these instances in so-called Feature Types. The top layer is called the meta-layer because it provides the class definitions for both the Types layer and the Instances layer; both Feature Types and Feature Instances are objects of the classes defined in the top layer. This top layer ensures that types can be defined on the fly and that instances can be created from these types, as well as expanded with non-typological properties and relationships while still conforming to the information structures laid out in the meta-layer.The VR-DIS system consists of a growing number of modules for different kinds of functionality in relation with the design task. These modules access the design information through the API that implements the meta-layer of the framework. This API has previously been implemented using an Object-Oriented Database (OODB), but this implementation had a number of disadvantages. The dependency of the OODB, a commercial software library, was considered the most problematic. Not only are licenses of the OODB library rather expensive, also the fact that this library is not common technology that can easily be shared among a wide range of applications, including existing applications, reduces its suitability for a system with the aforementioned specifications. In addition, the OODB approach required a relatively large effort to implement the desired functionality. It lacked adequate support to generate unique identifications for worldwide information sources that were understandable for human interpretation. This strongly limited the capabilities of the system to share conceptual schemas.The approach that is currently being implemented for the core of the VR-DIS system is based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Rather than implementing the meta-layer of the framework into classes of Feature Types and Feature Instances, this level of meta-definitions is provided in a document type definition (DTD). The DTD is complemented with a set of rules that are implemented into a parser API, based on the Document Object Model (DOM). The advantages of the XML approach for the modelling framework are immediate. Type-libraries distributed through Internet are now supported through the mechanisms of namespaces and XLink. The implementation of the API is no longer dependent of a particular database system. This provides much more flexibility in the implementation of the various modules of the VR-DIS system. Being based on the (supposed to become) standard of XML the implementation is much more versatile in its future usage, specifically in a distributed, Internet-based environment.These immediate advantages of the XML approach opened the door to a wide range of applications that are and will be developed on top of the VR-DIS core. Examples of these are the VR-based 3D sketching module [VR-DIS ref., 2000]; the VR-based information-modelling tool that allows the management and manipulation of information models for design in a VR environment [VR-DIS ref., 2000]; and a design-knowledge capturing module that is now under development [first author et al., 2000a and 2000b]. The latter module aims to assist the designer in the recognition and utilisation of existing and new typologies in a design situation. The replacement of the OODB implementation of the API by the XML implementation enables these modules to use distributed Feature databases through Internet, without many changes to their own code, and without the loss of the flexibility and extensibility of conceptual schemas that are implemented as part of the API. Research in the near future will result in Internet-based applications that support designers in the utilisation of distributed libraries of product-information, design-knowledge, case-bases, etc.The paper roughly follows the outline of the abstract, starting with an introduction to the VR-DIS project, its objectives, and the developed theory of the Feature-modelling framework that forms the core of it. It briefly discusses the necessity of schema evolution, flexibility and extensibility of conceptual schemas, and how these capabilities have been addressed in the framework. The major part of the paper describes how the previously mentioned aspects of the framework are implemented in the XML-based approach, providing details on the so-called meta-layer, its definition in the DTD, and the parser rules that complement it. The impact of the XML approach on the functionality of the VR-DIS modules and the system as a whole is demonstrated by a discussion of these modules and scenarios of their usage for design tasks. The paper is concluded with an overview of future work on the sharing of Internet-based design information and design knowledge.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	a35a
authors	Arponen, Matti
year	2002
title	From 2D Base Map To 3D City Model
source	UMDS '02 Proceedings, Prague (Czech Republic) 2-4 October 2002, I.17-I.28
summary	Since 1997 Helsinki City Survey Division has proceeded in experimenting and in developing the methods for converting and supplementing current digital 2D base maps in the scale 1:500 to a 3D city model. Actually since 1986 project areas have been produced in 3D for city planning and construction projects, but working with the whole map database started in 1997 because of customer demands and competitive 3D projects. 3D map database needs new data modelling and structures, map update processes need new working orders and the draftsmen need to learn a new profession; the 3D modeller. Laser-scanning and digital photogrammetry have been used in collecting 3D information on the map objects. During the years 1999-2000 laser-scanning experiments covering 45 km2 have been carried out utilizing the Swedish TopEye system. Simultaneous digital photography produces material for orto photo mosaics. These have been applied in mapping out dated map features and in vectorizing 3D buildings manually, semi automatically and automatically. In modelling we use TerraScan, TerraPhoto and TerraModeler sw, which are developed in Finland. The 3D city model project is at the same time partially a software development project. An accuracy and feasibility study was also completed and will be shortly presented. The three scales of 3D models are also presented in this paper. Some new 3D products and some usage of 3D city models in practice will be demonstrated in the actual presentation.
keywords	3D City modeling
series	other
email
more	www.udms.net
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	5f9c
authors	Castello, Regina
year	1999
title	GIS and the Investigation of the Environmental Heritage
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 219-224
summary	This paper presents an investigation on the architectural, natural, and cultural resources in the southern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, according to their historical or environmental value, identifying natural and cultural elements known and valued by local communities, regardless their experts’ classification. Resources are identified by means of geographical information systems, combined with field information. The area comprises the coastal strip and the plains located in the last frontier of the Brazilian territory and the water system dominated by the lakes Patos, Mangueira and Mirim. The inventory of the environmental, sociocultural and economic heritage provides the necessary insight for issuing new development alternatives based on local resources. Research activities will include: the ellaboration of general and thematic maps, based on LANDSAT 5 [bands 3, 4 and 5] images; aerial photographs; DSG/SGE and municipal maps [scales 1:250.000, 1:50.000 and 1:25.000]; field work for the recognition of remarkable elements; interviews with residents for assessing their perception of local values; and community and institutional statements. These informations, comprising the elements valued by their architectural and urban quality, historical relevance and environmental significance, organised in a database, will provide contextual guidelines for the planning of a tourist route. This route, delineated by the preservation, recovery and use of representative local resources, valued as expressions of a native culture, evocates the initial occupation of the gaúcho territory, and may be touristically promoted as "The Gaúcho’s Way". The project also aims at showing the potential offered by GIS for identifying and evaluating specific spatial characteristics.
keywords	Environmental Planning, Historical Preservation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	54a6
authors	Eastman, C. and Jeng, T.S.
year	1999
title	A database supporting evolutionary product model development for design
source	Automation in Construction 8 (3) (1999) pp. 305-323
summary	This paper presents the facilities in the EDM-2 product modeling and database language that support model evolution. It reviews the need for model evolution as a system and/or language requirement to support product modeling. Four types of model evolution are considered: (1) translation between distinct models, (2) deriving views from a central model, (3) modification of an existing model, and (4) model evolution based on writable views associated with each application. While the facilities described support all for types of evolution, the last type is emphasized. The language based modeling capabilities described in EDM-2 include: (a) mapping facilities for defining derivations and views within a single model or between different models; (b) procedural language capabilities supporting model addition, deletion and modification; (c) support for object instance migration so as to partition the set of class instances into multiple classes; (d) support for managing practical deletion of portions of a model; (e) explicit specification and automatic management of integrity between a building model and various views. The rationale and language features, and in some cases, the implementation strategy for the features, are presented.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	db00
authors	Espina, Jane J.B.
year	2002
title	Base de datos de la arquitectura moderna de la ciudad de Maracaibo 1920-1990 [Database of the Modern Architecture of the City of Maracaibo 1920-1990]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 133-139
summary	Bases de datos, Sistemas y Redes 134The purpose of this report is to present the achievements obtained in the use of the technologies of information andcommunication in the architecture, by means of the construction of a database to register the information on the modernarchitecture of the city of Maracaibo from 1920 until 1990, in reference to the constructions located in 5 of Julio, Sectorand to the most outstanding planners for its work, by means of the representation of the same ones in digital format.The objective of this investigation it was to elaborate a database for the registration of the information on the modernarchitecture in the period 1920-1990 of Maracaibo, by means of the design of an automated tool to organize the it datesrelated with the buildings, parcels and planners of the city. The investigation was carried out considering three methodologicalmoments: a) Gathering and classification of the information of the buildings and planners of the modern architectureto elaborate the databases, b) Design of the databases for the organization of the information and c) Design ofthe consultations, information, reports and the beginning menu. For the prosecution of the data files were generated inprograms attended by such computer as: AutoCAD R14 and 2000, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and MicrosoftAccess 2000, CorelDRAW V9.0 and Corel PHOTOPAINT V9.0.The investigation is related with the work developed in the class of Graphic Calculation II, belonging to the Departmentof Communication of the School of Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture and Design of The University of the Zulia(FADLUZ), carried out from the year 1999, using part of the obtained information of the works of the students generatedby means of the CAD systems for the representation in three dimensions of constructions with historical relevance in themodern architecture of Maracaibo, which are classified in the work of The Other City, generating different types ofisometric views, perspectives, representations photorealistics, plants and facades, among others.In what concerns to the thematic of this investigation, previous antecedents are ignored in our environment, and beingthe first time that incorporates the digital graph applied to the work carried out by the architects of “The Other City, thegenesis of the oil city of Maracaibo” carried out in the year 1994; of there the value of this research the field of thearchitecture and computer science. To point out that databases exist in the architecture field fits and of the design, alsoweb sites with information has more than enough architects and architecture works (Montagu, 1999).In The University of the Zulia, specifically in the Faculty of Architecture and Design, they have been carried out twoworks related with the thematic one of database, specifically in the years 1995 and 1996, in the first one a system wasdesigned to visualize, to classify and to analyze from the architectural point of view some historical buildings of Maracaiboand in the second an automated system of documental information was generated on the goods properties built insidethe urban area of Maracaibo. In the world environment it stands out the first database developed in Argentina, it is the database of the Modern andContemporary Architecture “Datarq 2000” elaborated by the Prof. Arturo Montagú of the University of Buenos Aires. The general objective of this work it was the use of new technologies for the prosecution in Architecture and Design (MONTAGU, Ob.cit). In the database, he intends to incorporate a complementary methodology and alternative of use of the informationthat habitually is used in the teaching of the architecture. When concluding this investigation, it was achieved: 1) analysis of projects of modern architecture, of which some form part of the historical patrimony of Maracaibo; 2) organized registrations of type text: historical, formal, space and technical data, and graph: you plant, facades, perspectives, pictures, among other, of the Moments of the Architecture of the Modernity in the city, general data and more excellent characteristics of the constructions, and general data of the Planners with their more important works, besides information on the parcels where the constructions are located, 3)construction in digital format and development of representations photorealistics of architecture projects already built. It is excellent to highlight the importance in the use of the Technologies of Information and Communication in this investigation, since it will allow to incorporate to the means digital part of the information of the modern architecturalconstructions that characterized the city of Maracaibo at the end of the XX century, and that in the last decades they have suffered changes, some of them have disappeared, destroying leaves of the modern historical patrimony of the city; therefore, the necessity arises of to register and to systematize in digital format the graphic information of those constructions. Also, to demonstrate the importance of the use of the computer and of the computer science in the representation and compression of the buildings of the modern architecture, to inclination texts, images, mapping, models in 3D and information organized in databases, and the relevance of the work from the pedagogic point of view,since it will be able to be used in the dictation of computer science classes and history in the teaching of the University studies of third level, allowing the learning with the use in new ways of transmission of the knowledge starting from the visual information on the part of the students in the elaboration of models in three dimensions or electronic scalemodels, also of the modern architecture and in a future to serve as support material for virtual recoveries of some buildings that at the present time they don’t exist or they are almost destroyed. In synthesis, the investigation will allow to know and to register the architecture of Maracaibo in this last decade, which arises under the parameters of the modernity and that through its organization and visualization in digital format, it will allow to the students, professors and interested in knowing it in a quicker and more efficient way, constituting a contribution to theteaching in the history area and calculation. Also, it can be of a lot of utility for the development of future investigation projects related with the thematic one and restoration of buildings of the modernity in Maracaibo.
keywords	database, digital format, modern architecture, model, mapping
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	fd25
authors	Homma, R., Iki, K., Morozumi, M. and Morisaki, T.
year	1999
title	Geographic Information Database for Landscape Evaluation
source	CAADRIA '99 [Proceedings of The Fourth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 7-5439-1233-3] Shanghai (China) 5-7 May 1999, pp. 143-152
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1999.143
summary	In a landscape evaluation of a large-scale facilities construction such as garbage disposal facilities, it is necessary to grasp landscape characteristics of the area that is able to observe object facilities. This landscape characteristic consists of both a geographical characteristic (landscape resources, public space, districts designated by various urban planing laws, etc.) and a visual characteristic (visibility / invisibility range, distance from the object). The facilities design with consideration for landscape requires a geographic information database for the landscape characteristic, which enable planners to share the geographic information in the area. Authors proposed Network-based Dynamic Evaluation Process for urban landscapes in CAADRIA98, and illustrated the need of the common place that shares geographic information in the process. The system has function to provide the information of the area with layered maps simply. However the system developed with HTML Layer Function, that has limited to update data and boolean operate of layers. For using the system for practical purposes, it should conduct a GIS lookup and report back, via HTML. On the other hand, at present, there are various analogue thematic maps, digital maps are not prepared enough for landscape evaluation. It causes that landscape design process is not efficient. Also, a potential (importance) of viewpoints for evaluating facilities design have been defined by qualitative analysis so far, therefore a quantitative comparison of viewpoints was not available. As a solution of those problems, authors are tackling the development of Geographic Information Database (GIDB) by using GIS. In this paper authors give an outline of GIDB composed of overlaying various digital thematic maps included visual characteristic of the facilities. As a case study, in construction of the garbage disposal facilities in Kumamoto city, the important viewpoints was extracted by GIDB.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ab77
authors	Iki, K., Shimoda, S., Kumadaki, N. and Homma, R.
year	1999
title	Development and Use of Intranet-Based CAFM System
source	CAADRIA '99 [Proceedings of The Fourth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 7-5439-1233-3] Shanghai (China) 5-7 May 1999, pp. 383-392
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1999.383
summary	In the past CAFM system study, we proposed a system for supporting data-processing and plan-drafting, on the assumption that it is to be used in different stages of Building Construction, Interior Spatial Planning and Maintenance. By the above system, we have developed a CAFM system using the DBMS (Data Base Management System), CAD (Computer Aided Design) and Spread Sheet as the analysis tools. Management system with FM-related data editing functions such as 'Input', 'Modification', 'Deleting', etc, are proposed. To promote the FM business smoothly, information should be shared among departments concerned, and informative administrative framework should be organized. This time, we propose a prototype of CAFM system on INTRANET which is developed for general users that permits browsing and downloading of system database.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	1022
authors	Jozen, T., Wang, L. and Sasada, T.
year	1999
title	Sketch VRML - 3D Modeling of Conception
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 557-563
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.557
summary	When an idea hits upon architect's mind suddenly, that idea may be memorized on a piece of paper like as napkin of a restaurant, reverse face of pamphlet etc. For conceptual design, free-form drawing with pencil and paper can efficiently delineate architect's thinking. In environmental design such as urban developing, architects usually describe their initial conception on 2D sketch. Our aim is to construct the Sketch-VRML system mixing non-photo realistic free-form 2D sketch and usual 3D computer graphics for conceptual design applying it to environmental design. It is our principle that we can use CG lightly and naturally like 'croquis' with no special hardware needed but just pencil and paper. From free-form 2D sketch on paper, the Sketch-VRML system builds it up to 3D model 'as is' resembling free hand drawing and it can be revolved and extruded. 3DCG component already produced will be useful material for design making as well as sketches. Therefore, we would like to use these materials as conception making resource with database.
keywords	Conception, Sketch, 3DCG, Database
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	2151
authors	Nakamura, H., Homma, R. and Morozumi, M.
year	1999
title	On the development of Excavation Support System
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 341-348
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.341
summary	This paper is about the development of a system that supports excavation surveys by use of a PC. The system consists of two sub-systems: One is the Onsite Support System (OSS). Other is the Excavation Data Shearing System (EDSS). OSS combines a database with a general purpose CAD system. When OSS is used, it is description by excavation site and information can be managed. EDSS combines a WEB server, a database, and a VRML server. When EDSS is used, information of relic can be shared on the Internet and discussed by researchers away from the site. It provides the users with a virtual reality experience of the excavation site. The experimental system has been used as a tool by practical excavation survey of Islam city ruins from the Middle Ages in the Arab Republic of Egypt. In this paper, the framework of the system is introduced. The authors verified the effectiveness of the system by participating in an excavation survey.
keywords	Excavation Support, Onsite Work, Data Sharing, WEB, VRML
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	cd2e
authors	O’Reilly, T.
year	1999
title	Hardware, Software and Infoware
source	Di Bona, C., Ockman, S. Stone, M.: Open Sources. Voices from the Open Source Revolution, First Edition, Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Publishers
summary	I was talking with some friends recently, friends who don't own a computer. They were thinking of getting one so they could use Amazon.com to buy books and CDs. Not to use ``the Internet,'' not to use ``the Web,'' but to use Amazon.com. Now, that's the classic definition of a ``killer application'': one that makes someone go out and buy a computer. What's interesting is that the killer application is no longer a desktop productivity application or even a back-office enterprise software system, but an individual web site. And once you start thinking of web sites as applications, you soon come to realize that they represent an entirely new breed, something you might call an ``information application,'' or perhaps even ``infoware.'' Information applications are used to computerize tasks that just couldn't be handled in the old computing model. A few years ago, if you wanted to search a database of a million books, you talked to a librarian, who knew the arcane search syntax of the available computerized search tools and might be able to find what you wanted. If you wanted to buy a book, you went to a bookstore, and looked through its relatively small selection. Now, tens of thousands of people with no specialized training find and buy books online from that million-record database every day. The secret is that computers have come one step closer to the way that people communicate with each other. Web-based applications use plain English to build their interface -- words and pictures, not specialized little controls that acquire meaning only as you learn the software. Traditional software embeds small amounts of information in a lot of software; infoware embeds small amounts of software in a lot of information. The ``actions'' in an infoware product are generally fairly simple: make a choice, buy or sell, enter a small amount of data, and get back a customized result.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	a6a6
authors	Peyret, F., Jurasz, J., Carrel, A., Zekri, E. and Gorham, B.
year	2000
title	The Computer Integrated Road Construction project
source	Automation in Construction 9 (5-6) (2000) pp. 447-461
summary	This paper is about the "Computer Integrated Road Construction" (CIRC) project, which is a Brite-EuRam III funded project, lasting 1997–1999, aiming at introducing a new generation of control and monitoring tools for road pavements construction. These new tools are designed to bring on the sites significant improvements by creating a digital link between design office and job site. The first part of the paper describes the background of the project, which gathers seven European partners from five different countries, and gives the objectives of the project, in general and for each of the two targeted products: one for the compactors (CIRCOM) and one for the asphalt pavers (CIRPAV). Then, the two prototypes are described, each of them being broken down into three main sub-systems: the ground sub-system (GSS), the on-board sub-system (OB) and the positioning sub-system (POS). The expected benefits for the different users are also presented and quantified. The central part of the paper is devoted to the main technical innovations that have been developed in the frame of the project: universal vector database for road equipment guidance, multi-machine functionalities of CIRCOM and the two positioning systems which are actually the technological keys of the systems. Finally, the state of progress of the developments of the two CIRC products and the first commercial success achieved in parallel are presented.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	f23c
authors	Shimoda, S., Iki, K., Kumadaki, N., and Takegawa, Y.
year	1999
title	Development of the CAFM System for Life Cycle Management
source	CAADRIA '99 [Proceedings of The Fourth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 7-5439-1233-3] Shanghai (China) 5-7 May 1999, pp. 125-132
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1999.125
summary	The purpose of this research is to develop the CAFM system that supports the cost management related to the building maintenance. Furthermore, we examine the possible implementation of CAFM as the supporting tools of medium-long term planning and fiscal year planning of the Facility Management. The function of the building-maintenance-system-oriented-Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)-supporting CAFM system is the feasibility of reference with the relating information database, which are later used for comparative analysis. The following is a detailed explanation of its functions:1) Outlined data display function of the building parts and materials. 2) 3-dimensional CAD models management. 3) LCC display function of building parts and materials. 4) Search function. This system supports the development of an efficient maintenance planning, and an efficient undertaking of the maintenance program. The concrete effects are as follow, (1) Cost-efficient building maintenance planning. (2) Building value increased by appropriate budget planning of maintenance. (3) Processing load and time are shortened. (4) Human mistakes are decreased.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	f6d5
authors	Song, Y., Clayton, M.J. and Johnson, R.E.
year	1999
title	Anticipating Reuse: Documenting Buildings for Operations Using Web Technology
source	Media and Design Process [ACADIA ‘99 / ISBN 1-880250-08-X] Salt Lake City 29-31 October 1999, pp. 54-65
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1999.054
summary	This research explores the feasibility of Web technology as a means for delivering building information to better support facility operations. Our research proposes just-in-time (JIT) facility documentation as a pragmatic solution to the limitations of current as-built documents, allowing more effective reuse of building information. Our investigation addresses four issues: 1) what building information is needed for facility operations; 2) how the design and construction team can improve the format for delivering the building information to facility operators; 3) how current Web technology can store and deliver facility information in support of operations; 4) what is the mechanism of documenting building information using the Web technology. // We surveyed literature, interviewed members of design and operations teams and reviewed current initiatives of industry and software vendors to identify problems with current practices. We also surveyed promising Web technologies and conducted experiments to determine how these technologies could help to solve the problems. We constructed a conceptual framework of JIT facility documentation as a solution to current information fragmentation problems. We developed a prototype of the JIT document system to demonstrate a “proof of concept” by using current Web technologies such as Autodesk’s DWF, Microsoft’s Active Server Pages, VB and Java script, and Access database to develop the prototype system. By dynamically composing HTML pages in response to task-specific requests, our prototype enables easy access and integration of a variety of building information to support facility operations.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	9580
authors	Sprekelsen, Martin and Pittioni, Gernot
year	1999
title	AVOCAAD Exercises Expanding on Interactive Operations
source	AVOCAAD Second International Conference [AVOCAAD Conference Proceedings / ISBN 90-76101-02-07] Brussels (Belgium) 8-10 April 1999, pp. 89-94
summary	The web is a vital element for realising the AVOCAAD project. The web's features and functionality present a splendid platform. The following will discuss multiple advantageous options available through this new media as they relate to the AVOCAAD project. All data are permanently available on a central server, accessible to an unlimited number of clients anytime, anywhere in the world. Clients access the centrally stored information and work locally with the material, thus using the common server-to-client publishing set-up. Dynamic database functions available to the general user are able to control various aspects of data flow. This procedure is used by the AVOCAAD-web-system. Recent developments in the web are going to enable an even more sophisticated use, thus widening the range of application. The online material may present interactive properties, meaning that the user is able to observe changes of processes in relation to the influence he actually exerts on the material within his subsystem. We will focus on this material in our paper, exploring the possible impact on AVOCAAD-exercise.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	5de1
authors	Tah, J.H.M., Howes, R. and Losifidis, P.
year	1999
title	Integration of design and construction through shared objects in the CO-CIS project
source	CIDAC, Volume 1 Issue 1 May 1999, pp.
summary	This paper presents an Integrated Building Project Model (IBPM) which provides the basis on which software applications can share objects and shows how integration is achieved at the conceptual level. It is used to develop a pure object-oriented database server which acts as a central object repository, and facilitates the sharing of objects between multiple applications. The IBPM provided the basis for the development of the COllaborative Construction Integrated System (CO-CIS) based on the principles of client/server computing and utilising dynamic common object sharing in real-time between CAD and project management packages. The work demonstrates the capabilities of pure object technologies and should encourage industry to adopt the approach and facilitate the development of the common information standards.
keywords	Object-Oriented Project Modelling, Object-Oriented Databases, Integration, Collaborative Environment, CAD, Project Management
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	6fa1
authors	Wang, L., Jozen, T. and Sasada, T.
year	1999
title	Construction of a Support System for Environmental Design
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 545-551
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.545
summary	The technique described here can be used to support the design process. To do this we constructed a system as follows: First, to obtain resources of design, a semi-structured database was constructed to be share among designers; Second, to collaborate in operations, an XML-based collaborative information system using a semi-structured database was defined; Thirdly, to re-compose the 3DCG model parts, a re-compose system which can compose scenes in a visual space, were constructed; and finally, to support architects at the conceptual stage, a sketch VRML system which can compose 3D sketches, was constructed.
keywords	Environmental Design, Re-composition 3DCG, Database
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	6d88
authors	Achten, Henri H. and Van Leeuwen, Jos P.
year	1999
title	Feature-Based High Level Design Tools - A Classification
source	Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-8536-5] Atlanta, 7-8 June 1999, pp. 275-290
summary	The VR-DIS project aims to provide design support in the early design stage using a Virtual Reality environment. The initial brief of the design system is based on an analysis of a design case. The paper describes the process of analysis and extraction of design knowledge and design concepts in terms of Features. It is demonstrated how the analysis has lead to a classification of design concepts. This classification forms one of the main specifications for the VR-based design aid system that is being developed in the VR-DIS programme. The paper concludes by discussing the particular approach used in the case analysis and discusses future work in the VR-DIS research programme.
keywords	Features, Feature-Based modelling, Architectural Design, Design Process, Design Support
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:22

_id	ga9922
id	ga9922
authors	Annunziato, M. and Pierucci, P.
year	1999
title	The Art of Emergence
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	Since several years, the term emergence is mentioned in the paradigm of chaos and complexity. Following this approach, complex system constituted by multitude of individual develop global behavioral properties on the base of local chaotic interactions (self-organization). These theories, developed in scientific and philosophical milieus are rapidly spreading as a "way of thinking" in the several fields of cognitive activities. According to this "way of thinking" it is possible revise some fundamental themes as the economic systems, the cultural systems, the scientific paths, the communication nets under a new approach where nothing is pre-determined, but the global evolution is determined by specific mechanisms of interaction and fundamental events (bifurcation). With a jump in scale of the life, also other basic concepts related to the individuals as intelligence, consciousness, psyche can be revised as self-organizing phenomena. Such a conceptual fertility has been the base for the revision of the artistic activities as flexible instruments for the investigation of imaginary worlds, metaphor of related real worlds. In this sense we claim to the artist a role of "researcher". Through the free exploration of new concepts, he can evoke qualities, configurations and hypothesis which have an esthetical and expressive value and in the most significant cases, they can induce nucleation of cultural and scientific bifurcation. Our vision of the art-science relation is of cooperative type instead of the conflict of the past decades. In this paper we describe some of the most significant realized artworks in order to make explicit the concepts and basic themes. One of the fundamental topics is the way to generate and think to the artwork. Our characterization is to see the artwork not as a static finished product, but as an instance or a dynamic sequence of instances of a creative process which continuously evolves. In this sense, the attention is focused on the "generative idea" which constitutes the envelop of the artworks generable by the process. In this approach the role of technology (computers, synthesizers) is fundamental to create the dimension of the generative environment. Another characterizing aspect of our artworks is derived by the previous approach and specifically related to the interactive installations. The classical relation between artist, artwork and observers is viewed as an unidirectional flux of messages from the artist to the observer through the artwork. In our approach artist, artwork and observer are autonomous entities provided with own personality which jointly intervene to determine the creative paths. The artist which generate the environment in not longer the "owner" of the artwork; simply he dialectically bring the generative environment (provided by a certain degree of autonomy) towards cultural and creative "void" spaces (not still discovered). The observers start from these platforms to generate other creative paths, sometimes absolutely unexpected , developing their new dialectical relations with the artwork itself. The results derived by these positions characterize the expressive elements of the artworks (images, sequences and sounds) as the outcomes of emergent behavior or dynamics both in the sense of esthetical shapes emergent from fertile generative environments, either in terms of emergent relations between artist, artwork and observer, either in terms of concepts which emerge by the metaphor of artificial worlds to produce imaginary hypothesis for the real worlds.
series	other
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	0f1e
authors	Barrionuevo, Luis F.
year	1999
title	Posicionamiento de Volúmenes Arquitectónicos Mediante Algoritmos Evolucionistas (Positioning of Architectural Volumes by Means of Evolutionist Algorithms)
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 176-181
summary	Configurational studies involve the groups of elements fulfilling restrictions defined by the designer in Architectural design. According to its necessities and intentions, the planner distributes the components of the group in a certain tridimensional way, establishing a composition. This operative procedure implies a classification system according to typologies that respond to a bigger system, and this in turn to another, until the whole is obtained. From the beginning the pattern should satisfy form restrictions, as well as dimensional and positional restrictions for each part that conforms the whole. Functional requirements are attended for each object satisfying relationships of connectivity and adjacency among them. In this work the parts are restricted by their relative position to a central element. Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) are used to solve this type of problem. Using evolutionary metaphors they originate concepts such as "genes", "chromosomes", "mutation", "crosses” and " population " (among other), which come closer to one of the solutions looked for by the designer, under combinatory stochastic methods. The most appropriate use of EA corresponds to problems of complexity NP-completeness (for example, problems of generation of cases of composition), allowing an efficient although not exhaustive analysis. Applying this technique to the generation of architectural volumes, some obtained results are exemplified.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	5377
authors	Frazer, J.H., Tang, M.X. and Jian, S.
year	1999
title	Towards a Generative System for Intelligent Design Support
source	CAADRIA '99 [Proceedings of The Fourth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 7-5439-1233-3] Shanghai (China) 5-7 May 1999, pp. 285-294
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1999.285
summary	In the development of intelligent computer aided design systems, three important issues need to considered. These issues are: how to support the generation of product concepts using evolutionary computation techniques; how to use intelligent databases and constraint management systems for detailed exploration of product embodiment; and how to integrate rapid prototyping facilities for product evaluation. In this paper, we present a brief review of knowledge based design and evolutionary design and discuss ways of integrating both in the development of a generative design system. Based on this review, we present the model and its applications of a generative design system utilizing a number of AI and evolutionary computation techniques. This generative design model is intended to provide a generic computational framework for the development of intelligent design support systems.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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