Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	03af
authors	Kvan, Th., Schmitt, G., Maher, M.L. and Cheng, N.
year	2000
title	Teaching Architectural Design in Virtual Studios
source	Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Renate Fruchter, Feniosky Pena-Mora and W. M. Kim Roddis, ASCE 2000, pp. 162–169
summary	Virtual studios have provided a valuable content in which to explore and test approaches to both collaborative design and pedagogy. While there has been extensive earlier experience in virtual campuses; not least that at The Open University in England; virtual design studios have explored a different nature of collaboration and interaction; shedding light on a new range of tasks and methods. These lessons have been applied in many fields. For example; the lessons have been used to understand the nature of collaboration. Most directly; they have been applied to the context of teaching design and understanding better how students learn to design. The change in technology can open up new opportunities in what is taught; not only how it is taught. Most broadly; they have been taken in to consideration in the creation of virtual campuses for broader university teaching. All these aspects are explored in this paper.
keywords	Pedagogy; Learning; Virtual Studio; Collaboration
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	f586
authors	Gabriel, G. and Maher, M.L.
year	2000
title	Analysis of design communication with and without computer mediation
source	Proceedings of Co-designing 2000, pp. 329-337
summary	With recent developments in CAD and communication technologies, the way we visualise and communicate design representations is changing. A matter of great interest to architects, practitioners and researchers alike, is how computer technology might affect the way they think and work. The concern is not about the notion of 'support' alone, but about ensuring that computers do not disrupt the design process and collaborative activity already going on (Bannon and Schmidt, 1991). Designing new collaborative tools will then have to be guided by a better understanding of how collaborative work is accomplished and by understanding what resources the collaborators use and what hindrances they encounter in their work (Finholt et al., 1990). Designing, as a more abstract notion, is different than having a business meeting using video conferencing. In design it is more important to 'see' what is being discussed rather than 'watch' the other person(s) involved in the discussion. In other words the data being conveyed might be of more importance than the method with which it is communicated (See Kvan, 1994). Similarly, we believe that by using text instead of audio as a medium for verbal communication, verbal representations can then be recorded alongside graphical representations for later retrieval and use. In this paper we present the results of a study on collaborative design in three different environments: face-to-face (FTF), computer-mediated using video conferencing (CMCD-a), and computer-mediated using "talk by typing" (CMCD-b). The underlying aim is to establish a clearer notion of the collaborative needs of architects using computer-mediation. In turn this has the potential in assisting developers when designing new collaborative tools and in assisting designers when selecting an environment for a collaborative session.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ea49
authors	Yen-wen Cheng, Nancy and Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Design Collaboration Strategies Estrategias para la Colaboración de Diseño a Larga Distancia
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 45-49
summary	This paper explains the logistical and technical issues involved in design collaboration and how to address them strategically in projects for design, teaching and research. Five years of arranging projects, studying peer results and involving novices in exchanges point out the benefits and pitfalls of Internet partnering. Rather than a single universal technical solution, multiple solutions exist: Technical means must be tailored to specifics concerning the task and participants. The following factors need to be considered in finding the best fit between technology and group design: 1) Collaborators' profiles, 2) Mutual value of produced information, 3) Collaboration structure, and 4) Logistical opportunities. The success of a virtual studio depends upon clear task definition, aligned participant expectations and suitable engagement methods. // We question the efforts required in the installation of expensive technologies for communication and visualization. Often technical systems support ancillary and non-beneficial activity. Matching needs and resources can be more critical than high-tech equipment. People motivated to interact will work around technical difficulties.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:03

_id	101caadria2004
id	101caadria2004
authors	Tuzmen, A.
year	2004
title	REQUIREMENTS-BASED METHDOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATION ENVIRONMENTS
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 19-34
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.019
summary	Literature consists of research identifying the benefits and pitfalls of the use of computer supported collaboration tools and environments to support collaborating design teams (Kvan, 1998; Maher et al, 2000). However, we don’t find enough information in literature about the methodology needed for evaluating the performance of a collaboration environment in meeting the needs and expectations of the collaborating design teams. There are no uniformly accepted methodologies or metrics for evaluating the performance of a design collaboration environment. This paper introduces a requirements-based methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of design collaboration environments. The requirements-based methodology was developed and implemented during a process which involved: a) the use of various synchronous and asynchronous collaboration environments, and b) comparison of those against each other each other by an evaluation methodology. The evaluation methodology proposed in this study is experimented during a course entitled Computer Supported Collaborative Design at the University of Sydney.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	avocaad_2001_09
id	avocaad_2001_09
authors	Yu-Tung Liu, Yung-Ching Yeh, Sheng-Cheng Shih
year	2001
title	Digital Architecture in CAD studio and Internet-based competition
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	Architectural design has been changing because of the vast and creative use of computer in different ways. From the viewpoint of designing itself, computer has been used as drawing tools in the latter phase of design (Mitchell 1977; Coyne et al. 1990), presentation and simulation tools in the middle phase (Liu and Bai 2000), and even critical media which triggers creative thinking in the very early phase (Maher et al. 2000; Liu 1999; Won 1999). All the various roles that computer can play have been adopted in a number of professional design corporations and so-called computer-aided design (CAD) studio in schools worldwide (Kvan 1997, 2000; Cheng 1998). The processes and outcomes of design have been continuously developing to capture the movement of the computer age. However, from the viewpoint of social-cultural theories of architecture, the evolvement of design cannot be achieved solely by designers or design processes. Any new idea of design can be accepted socially, culturally and historically only under one condition: The design outcomes could be reviewed and appreciated by critics in the field at the time of its production (Csikszentmihalyi 1986, 1988; Schon and Wiggins 1992; Liu 2000). In other words, aspects of design production (by designers in different design processes) are as critical as those of design appreciation (by critics in different review processes) in the observation of the future trends of architecture.Nevertheless, in the field of architectural design with computer and Internet, that is, so-called computer-aided design computer-mediated design, or internet-based design, most existing studies pay more attentions to producing design in design processes as mentioned above. Relatively few studies focus on how critics act and how they interact with designers in the review processes. Therefore, this study intends to investigate some evolving phenomena of the interaction between design production and appreciation in the environment of computer and Internet.This paper takes a CAD studio and an Internet-based competition as examples. The CAD studio includes 7 master's students and 2 critics, all from the same countries. The Internet-based competition, held in year 2000, includes 206 designers from 43 counties and 26 critics from 11 countries. 3 students and the 2 critics in the CAD studio are the competition participating designers and critics respectively. The methodological steps are as follows: 1. A qualitative analysis: observation and interview of the 3 participants and 2 reviewers who join both the CAD studio and the competition. The 4 analytical criteria are the kinds of presenting media, the kinds of supportive media (such as verbal and gesture/facial data), stages of the review processes, and interaction between the designer and critics. The behavioral data are acquired by recording the design presentation and dialogue within 3 months. 2. A quantitative analysis: statistical analysis of the detailed reviewing data in the CAD studio and the competition. The four 4 analytical factors are the reviewing time, the number of reviewing of the same project, the comparison between different projects, and grades/comments. 3. Both the qualitative and quantitative data are cross analyzed and discussed, based on the theories of design thinking, design production/appreciation, and the appreciative system (Goodman 1978, 1984).The result of this study indicates that the interaction between design production and appreciation during the review processes could differ significantly. The review processes could be either linear or cyclic due to the influences from the kinds of media, the environmental discrepancies between studio and Internet, as well as cognitive thinking/memory capacity. The design production and appreciation seem to be more linear in CAD studio whereas more cyclic in the Internet environment. This distinction coincides with the complementary observations of designing as a linear process (Jones 1970; Simon 1981) or a cyclic movement (Schon and Wiggins 1992). Some phenomena during the two processes are also illustrated in detail in this paper.This study is merely a starting point of the research in design production and appreciation in the computer and network age. The future direction of investigation is to establish a theoretical model for the interaction between design production and appreciation based on current findings. The model is expected to conduct using revised protocol analysis and interviews. The other future research is to explore how design computing creativity emerge from the process of producing and appreciating.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	8b8e
authors	Kvan, Th., Wong, J.T.H. and Vera, A.H.
year	2000
title	Supporting Structural Activities in Design: A Multiple-Case Study
source	Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD2000), Hong Kong, November 29 – December 2, 2000, pp. 116-120
summary	This paper describes case studies in design teaching and their analysis; examining the role of structural activities and other solution searching activities in design learning and problem solving. The case studies follow students working on the same problem under two conditions – one group is taught using traditional face-to-face teaching while the other group is supported by a text-based web board. The design activities of two students were followed in each condition through a semester; followed by in-depth interviews at the end of semester. Interviews and logs were coded according to an activity-based model of design activity. The results show that cases with above average design work involved more structural activities than the mediocre cases. It also showed that design problem dissections are more organized in the better cases. These successful cases engaged in textual expression of their design solutions. Computer tools for design should therefore support textual representation in addition to graphic; video or audio.
keywords	Collaborative Design; Computer Supported Collaborative Work; Structure Activities; Text
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	fa3a
authors	Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Technology in Support of Design Learning
source	Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Renate Fruchter, Feniosky Pena-Mora and W. M. Kim Roddis, ASCE, pp. 1148-1155
summary	In the many years of conferences on the teaching of computer skills or application of computers in design studios; we see discussions about the needs; methods and benefits of teaching the use of computer tools. A few of the papers review how students learn but none report how computer tools can be directly beneficial to the student’s learning of design. This paper reviews design learning and illustrates how computer tools have been used to support learning.
keywords	Pedagogy; Learning; Virtual Studio
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	5f69
authors	Kvan, Th., Gibson, I. and Ming, L.W.
year	2000
title	Rapid Prototyping for Architectural Models
source	ECPPM2000 – Product and Process Modelling in Building and Construction, Lisbon, Portugal, Balkema Publishers, September 25-27, 2000, pp. 351-359
summary	Rapid prototyping (RP) technology has developed as a result of the requirements of manufacturing industry. There are a number of other application areas where RP has been used to good effect and one of these is architectural modelling. However; such application areas often have different requirements from what is offered by the current technology. This paper describes work carried out by the authors to investigate potential applications for architectural modelling; as well as an attempt to explore the limits of the technology. It will go on to discuss how the technology may be developed to better serve the requirements of architects.
keywords	Rapid Prototyping; Architectural Design
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	ce1b
authors	Kvan, Th., Lee, A. and Ho, L.
year	2000
title	Anthony Ng Architects Limited: Building Towards a Paperless Future
source	Case Study and Teaching Notes number 99/65, 10 pages, distributed by HKU Centre for Asian Business Cases, Harvard Business School Publishing (HBSP) and The European Case Clearing House (ECCH), June 2000
summary	In early 1997; Mr. Anthony Ng; managing director of Anthony Ng Architects Ltd.; was keenly looking forward to a high-tech; paperless new office; which would free his designers from paperwork and greatly improve internal and external communication – a vision that he had had for a couple of years. In 1996; he brought on board a friend and expert in Internet technology to help him realise his vision. In July 1997; his company was to move into its new office in Wan Chai. Their plan was to have in place an Intranet and a web-based document management system when they moved into the new office. But he had to be mindful of resulting changes in communication patterns; culture and expectations. Resistance from within his company was also threatening to ruin the grand plan. Several senior executives were fiercely opposed to the proposal and refused to read a document off a computer screen. But Ng knew it was an important initiative to move his practice forward. Once the decision was made there would be no chance to reconsider; given the workload demands of the new HK$12 billion project. And this decision would mark a watershed in the company’s evolution. This case study examines the challenges and implications of employing IT to support an architectural office.
keywords	IT In Practice; Professional Practice; Archives
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	976f
authors	Cheng, Nancy and Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Design Collaboration Strategies
source	Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture, pp. 62-73
summary	This paper explains the logistical and technical issues involved in design collaboration and how toaddress them strategically in projects for design, teaching and research. Five years of arrangingprojects, studying peer results and involving novices in exchanges point out the benefits and pitfallsof Internet partnering. Rather than a single universal technical solution, multiple solutions exist: Technical means must betailored to specifics concerning the task and participants. The following factors need to be consideredin finding the best fit between technology and group design: 1) Collaboratorsí profiles, 2) Mutualvalue of produced information, 3) Collaboration structure, and 4) Logistical opportunities. Thesuccess of a virtual studio depends upon clear task definition, aligned participant expectations andsuitable engagement methods. We question the efforts required in the installation of expensive technologies for communication andvisualization. Often technical systems support ancillary and non-beneficial activity.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/05/15 10:29

_id	ddssar0005
id	ddssar0005
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen and Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Design collaboration strategies
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fifth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Nijkerk, the Netherlands)
summary	How can we best use computer technology to facilitate remote design teamwork? From looking at virtual studio collaborations, we propose that multiple solutions exist rather than a single one. In examining both published results and own student projects, we identify the following factors to be considered in finding the best fit between technology and group design: 1) Collaborators’ profiles; 2) Mutual value of produced information; 3) Collaboration structure and 4) Logistical opportunities
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	4d8d
authors	Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Teaching Architecture, Learning Architecture. Technology in Support of Design Learning
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 181-190
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.181
summary	In the many years of conferences on the teaching of computer skills or application of computers in design studios, we see discussions about the needs, methods and benefits of teaching the use of computer tools. A few of the papers review how students learn but none report how computer tools can be directly beneficial to the student's learning of design. This paper reviews design learning and illustrates how computer tools have been used to support learning.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	c97f
authors	Kvan, Thomas and Candy, Linda
year	2000
title	Designing Collaborative Environments for Strategic Knowledge in Design
source	Knowledge-Based Systems, 13:6, November 2000, pp. 429-438
summary	This paper considers aspects of strategic knowledge in design and some implications for designing in collaborative environments. Two key questions underline the concerns. First; how can strategic knowledge for collaborative design be taught and second; what kind of computer-based collaborative designing might best support the learning of strategic knowledge? We argue that the support of learning of strategic knowledge in collaborative design by computer-mediated means must be based upon empirical evidence about the nature of learning and design practice in the real world. This evidence suggests different ways of using computer-support for design learning and acquistion of strategic design knowledge. Examples of research by the authors that seeks to provide that evidence are described and an approach to computer system design and evaluation proposed.
keywords	Collaborative Design; Strategic Knowledge; Empirical Studies; Computer Support
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	d28a
authors	Kvan, Thomas
year	2000
title	Collaborative design: what is it?
source	Automation in Construction, 9:4, July 2000, pp. 409-415
summary	Collaborative activities are an important application of computer technology now that telecommunications infrastructure has been established to support it. There are many students in schools of architecture who are undertaking collaborative projects using the Internet and many practices who work together exchanging files and interacting on shared digital models. Software vendors are developing tools to support such collaboration. But what are we doing? What is the nature of collaboration and what are the implications for tools that support this work?
keywords	Collaboration; Pedagogy; Virtual Studio
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	382c
id	382c
authors	Kvan, Thomas
year	2004
title	COMPUTERS AND ARCHITECTURE
source	Encyclopaedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, R. Stephen Sennott, editor, Routledge/Taylor & Francis, New York, 2003 ISBN 1579582435, pp 287-289
summary	A 2000 word encyclopedia entry for the Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture reviewing the nature of computer aided design in the last fifty years of the last century.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2004/09/27 07:11

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