Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 34

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2007_659
id	caadria2007_659
authors	Chen, Zi-Ru
year	2007
title	The Combination of Design Media and Design Creativity _ Conventional and Digital Media
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.w5x
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Creativity is always interested in many fields, in particular, creativity and design creativity have many interpretations (Boden, 1991; Gero and Maher, 1992, 1993; Kim, 1990; Sternberg, 1988; Weisberg, 1986). In early conceptual design process, designers used large number of sketches and drawings (Purcell and Gero, 1998). The sketch can inspire the designer to increase the creativity of the designer’s creations(Schenk, 1991; Goldschmidt, 1994; Suwa and Tversky, 1997). The freehand sketches by conventional media have been believed to play important roles in processes of the creative design thinking(Goldschmidt, 1991; Schon and Wiggins, 1992; Goel, 1995; Suwa et al., 2000; Verstijnen et al., 1998; Elsas van and Vergeest, 1998). Recently, there are many researches on inspiration of the design creativity by digital media(Liu, 2001; Sasada, 1999). The digital media have been used to apply the creative activities and that caused the occurrenssce of unexpected discovery in early design processes(Gero and Maher, 1993; Mitchell, 1993; Schmitt, 1994; Gero, 1996, 2000; Coyne and Subrahmanian, 1993; Boden, 1998; Huang, 2001; Chen, 2001; Manolya et al. 1998; Verstijinen et al., 1998; Lynn, 2001). In addition, there are many applications by combination of conventional and digital media in the sketches conceptual process. However, previous works only discussed that the individual media were related to the design creativity. The cognitive research about the application of conceptual sketches design by integrating both conventional and digital media simultaneously is absent.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	avocaad_2001_02
id	avocaad_2001_02
authors	Cheng-Yuan Lin, Yu-Tung Liu
year	2001
title	A digital Procedure of Building Construction: A practical project
source	AVOCAAD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Nys Koenraad, Provoost Tom, Verbeke Johan, Verleye Johan (Eds.), (2001) Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst - Departement Architectuur Sint-Lucas, Campus Brussel, ISBN 80-76101-05-1
summary	In earlier times in which computers have not yet been developed well, there has been some researches regarding representation using conventional media (Gombrich, 1960; Arnheim, 1970). For ancient architects, the design process was described abstractly by text (Hewitt, 1985; Cable, 1983); the process evolved from unselfconscious to conscious ways (Alexander, 1964). Till the appearance of 2D drawings, these drawings could only express abstract visual thinking and visually conceptualized vocabulary (Goldschmidt, 1999). Then with the massive use of physical models in the Renaissance, the form and space of architecture was given better precision (Millon, 1994). Researches continued their attempts to identify the nature of different design tools (Eastman and Fereshe, 1994). Simon (1981) figured out that human increasingly relies on other specialists, computational agents, and materials referred to augment their cognitive abilities. This discourse was verified by recent research on conception of design and the expression using digital technologies (McCullough, 1996; Perez-Gomez and Pelletier, 1997). While other design tools did not change as much as representation (Panofsky, 1991; Koch, 1997), the involvement of computers in conventional architecture design arouses a new design thinking of digital architecture (Liu, 1996; Krawczyk, 1997; Murray, 1997; Wertheim, 1999). The notion of the link between ideas and media is emphasized throughout various fields, such as architectural education (Radford, 2000), Internet, and restoration of historical architecture (Potier et al., 2000). Information technology is also an important tool for civil engineering projects (Choi and Ibbs, 1989). Compared with conventional design media, computers avoid some errors in the process (Zaera, 1997). However, most of the application of computers to construction is restricted to simulations in building process (Halpin, 1990). It is worth studying how to employ computer technology meaningfully to bring significant changes to concept stage during the process of building construction (Madazo, 2000; Dave, 2000) and communication (Haymaker, 2000).In architectural design, concept design was achieved through drawings and models (Mitchell, 1997), while the working drawings and even shop drawings were brewed and communicated through drawings only. However, the most effective method of shaping building elements is to build models by computer (Madrazo, 1999). With the trend of 3D visualization (Johnson and Clayton, 1998) and the difference of designing between the physical environment and virtual environment (Maher et al. 2000), we intend to study the possibilities of using digital models, in addition to drawings, as a critical media in the conceptual stage of building construction process in the near future (just as the critical role that physical models played in early design process in the Renaissance). This research is combined with two practical building projects, following the progress of construction by using digital models and animations to simulate the structural layouts of the projects. We also tried to solve the complicated and even conflicting problems in the detail and piping design process through an easily accessible and precise interface. An attempt was made to delineate the hierarchy of the elements in a single structural and constructional system, and the corresponding relations among the systems. Since building construction is often complicated and even conflicting, precision needed to complete the projects can not be based merely on 2D drawings with some imagination. The purpose of this paper is to describe all the related elements according to precision and correctness, to discuss every possibility of different thinking in design of electric-mechanical engineering, to receive feedback from the construction projects in the real world, and to compare the digital models with conventional drawings.Through the application of this research, the subtle relations between the conventional drawings and digital models can be used in the area of building construction. Moreover, a theoretical model and standard process is proposed by using conventional drawings, digital models and physical buildings. By introducing the intervention of digital media in design process of working drawings and shop drawings, there is an opportune chance to use the digital media as a prominent design tool. This study extends the use of digital model and animation from design process to construction process. However, the entire construction process involves various details and exceptions, which are not discussed in this paper. These limitations should be explored in future studies.
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 10:48

_id	6126
authors	De Grassi, M., Giretti A. and Pinese, P.
year	1999
title	Knowledge Structures of Episodic Memory in Architectural Design: An Example of Protocol Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.576
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 576-583
summary	The Protocol Analysis of the design process is a very recent and very promising research field. It is believed that good application-oriented developments are possible mainly in the tutorial field (ITS). The research conducted up to now has primarily dealt with the study of the design process. On the contrary, we propose an investigation experiment on the knowledge structures relative to the use of the episodic memory in the architectural design. The proposed experiment concerns the monitoring of the cognitive processes utilised by tutors and students in a brief, but yet complete design session. The results have lead to a synthetic model (computational model) of the adopted knowledge structures, and to a complete index system oriented and organised according to semantic fields. The application of the synthetic model to the design process analysis of students and tutors enabled the definition of the different utilisation strategies of episodic memory to be defined. The results obtained will make up the structure of a tutorial program for the architectural design.
keywords	Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), Architectural Design Education, Case Based Reasoning, Protocol Analisys, Design Cognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ddssar0009
id	ddssar0009
authors	Findlay, Robert A. and Haugen, S. Lee
year	2000
title	From individual inquiry and attention to cohorts to a "collaborative critique": the use of student groups to support individual designers
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fifth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Nijkerk, the Netherlands)
summary	This study explores learning settings and strategies related to design collaboration and critical thinking. To this end, theories of education and of cognitive learning were assembled to describe learning design collaboration. Student perceptions of their learning experiences were then gathered in structured interviews and focus groups, and were analyzed qualitatively for concepts, tendencies, and trends. The study also concerns the effects of collaboration on individual learning. An emphasis of the investigation has been on the context in which a person's mind learns. The activity of learning has been enriched by being in a context in which students can participate in the social construction of knowledge, in this way enhancing the processes of developing knowledge, decision-making, and design. We discovered that a "collaborative critique" evolves during the course of activity of groups of students as they shift from the protective behavior of individual competition, through bargaining away ideas in compromise or subduing differences in consensus building, to critical ideation and the constructive behavior of the "collaborative critique".
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	8805
authors	Flemming, U., Erhan, H.I. and Ozkaya, I.
year	2001
title	Object-Oriented Application Development in CAD
source	Technical Report 48-01-01. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University, Institute of Complex Engineered Systems
summary	This report describes a graduate interdisciplinary course offered to students in the graduate program of the School of Architecture at Carnegie Mellon and related departments in fall 2000. The motivation was the realization that when commercial CAD (Computer-Aided Design) systems recently switched from procedural application programming languages to object-oriented ones, third-party application must undergo a significant cognitive retooling"; i. e. they must know more than the syntax and semantics of the new programming language to be used and must be able to employ appropriate software development strategies that are appropriate for the new paradigm. especially with respect to the importance of modeling, a distinguishing characteristic of object-oriented programming. The goal of the course was (a) to introduce and test strategies of object-oriented application development in general and in the context of MicroStation, a state-of-the-art commercial CAD package; (b) to develop-as a course team project-an interesting application that gives students practice with these strategies and team work; and (c) to document our approach and findings so that others can learn from them. The strategies introduced were the use-case approach of Jacobson et al. and the complementary object-modeling tools of Rumbaugh that were recently integrated into the Unified Modeling Language UML. The software platform supporting the course comprised MicroStation, JMDL (a superset of Java) and ProjectBank on the CAD side and RationalRose on the modeling side. The application developed by students in the course supports the generation of drawings for remodeling projects from a set of dgn files describing the existing state of the building to be remodeled. The course was supported by a grant and in-kind contributions from Bentley with matching funds from the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA)."
series	report
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	3cd1
authors	Friedman, Asaf
year	2000
title	Language and Movement in CAD Application
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.423
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 423-432
summary	The paper attempts to explain some of the fundamental concepts as they relate to the experience of movement in space and the representation of walking-through or fly-over in architectural space. My goal is towards improving existing movement-in-architectural-space representation tolls. This study involves current research in cognitive science, in the domain of vision and spatial reasoning, in which we attempt to built a rudimentary model of the apparatus through which people experience space, and, in particular, architectural space. These conceptions necessitated the analysis of language. From the studies we can draw up a small number of critical qualities that have to be present in an improved version of a new movement-in-space representation tool. As opposed to existing computational tools representing movement in space navigation, the tool we build can offer a more immersive interactive experience for evaluating design solution alternatives and predicting moving-in-space experience.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	1eac
authors	Garner, S.
year	2000
title	Is Sketching Still Relevant in Virtual Design Studios?
source	Proceedings of DCNet, Sydney
summary	Sketching, as a particular subset of drawing, has for a long time, been valued within design activity. Although they can appear rough, inaccurate or incomplete, sketches have been presented as both valuable output from, and evidence of, essential activity in designing by individuals and groups. This paper reflects on this value and asks whether sketching is relevant today, given the advances in computing and communications technology seen in modern virtual design environments. Is it time to let go of the metaphor of drawing or can this ancient human capability still tell us something relevant for the improvement of the virtual design studio? While freehand line drawings may not have the same importance in current virtual design studios the support of incompleteness, ambiguity and shared meaning in solution-focused and problem-focused thinking remains essential. The paper proposes that attention to 'graphic acts' has improved our understanding of sketching within collaborative designing. A particular type of fast, transitory 'thumbnail' sketch would appear to be important. If this is so then attention to its modern counterpart in the latest 3D, multi-user, immersive virtual design studios is overdue if they are to support the cognitive processes of creativity vital to design.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ea7a
authors	Gero, J.S.
year	2000
title	Research methods for design science research: Computational and cognitive approaches
source	D. Durling and K. Friedman (Eds.), Doctoral Education in Design, Staffordshire University Press, Stoke-on-Trent, pp.143-162
summary	Reasoning by analogy, applied into designing, is investigated from the perspective of situated cognition. This cognitive paradigm emphasizes the importance of the environment in which a particular cognitive task is performed. The paper describes a computational system for situated analogy in designing
keywords	Analogy, Situated Cognition
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/06 09:10

_id	c2df
authors	Gero, John S. and Kulinski, Jaroslaw M.
year	2000
title	A Situated Approach to Analogy in Designing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.225
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 225-234
summary	Reasoning by analogy, applied into designing, is investigated from the perspective of situated cognition. This cognitive paradigm emphasizes the importance of the environment in which a particular cognitive task is performed. The paper describes a computational system for situated analogy in designing.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	5ada
authors	Hernández, Silvia Patricia
year	2000
title	Aplicaciones de Nuevas Tecnologías a la Enseñanza de Vanguardias Arquitectónicas (Applications of New Technologies in the teaching of Cutting-Edge Architecture)
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 344-346
summary	This paper aims to demonstrate the advantages of working with cutting- edge technologies,such hypermedia, in the teaching of architecture in large universities. The topic hereby dealt with regarding cognitive construction is about stylistic vanguards, specifically Deconstruction and Minimalism, which are two very well-known trends of the last years. The quality leap from analogical towards digital,as well as the construction of knowledge in a path of increasing abstraction. The fact that the student-hypermedia interaction is individual allows the former work in accordance with his or her own personal requirements, in order to successfully achieve goals in didactics This paper includes a framework, an account of analogical teaching experience oriented towards the new technologies, and the on stylistic vanguards.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	5e85
authors	Heylighen, Ann and Neuckermans, Herman
year	1999
title	Learning from Experience: Promises, Problems and Side-effects of CBD in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.567
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 567-575
summary	Learning from design experience is the essence of Case-Based Design (CBD). Because architects are said to learn design by experience, CBD seems to hold great promises for architectural design, which have inspired various CBD tools. Learning from the experience of developing and using these tools is the objective of this paper. On the one hand, the original expectations seem far from being accomplished today. Reasons for this limited success can be found at three different levels. Level one is the cognitive model underlying CBD, which raises some specific difficulties within the field of architecture. At the level of implementation, few tools manage to draw the full consequences of this view, thus leading to an oversimplification of CBD and/or architectural design. Level three has to do with introducing CBD tools in design education and assessing the effects of this introduction. On the other hand, CBD seems to have caused some interesting side effects, such as an increased interest in creativity and copyright, and the recent re-discovery of the key-role cases play inside and outside the field of CAAD. Thus, although its promises may not be fulfilled, CBD definitely can contribute to design education, be it sometimes without the support of computer technology.
keywords	Case-Based Design, Design Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	10e9
authors	Heylighen, Ann and Neuckermans, Herman
year	2000
title	DYNAMO in Action - Development and Use of a Web-Based Design Tool
source	J. Pohl & T. Fowler (eds.), Proceedings of the Focus Symposium on Advances in Computer-Based and Web-Based Collaborative Systems - InterSymp-2000 International Conference On Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics, Baden-Baden (Germany), July 31 - Aug 4, 2000 (ISBN 0-921836-88-0), pp. 233-242
summary	Addressing the subject of Case-Based Design (CBD), the paper describes the development and use of a Web-based design tool called DYNAMO. The tool is firmly rooted in the Dynamic Memory Theory underlying the CBD approach. Yet, rather than adopting it as such, we have tried to enrich this approach by extrapolating it beyond the individual. This extrapolation stimulates and intensifies several modes of interaction. Doing so, DYNAMO tries to kill two birds with one stone. At short notice, it provides architects and architecture students with a rich source of inspiration, ideas and design knowledge for their present design task, as it is filled with a permanently growing collection of design cases that is accessible on-line. Its long-term objective is to initiate and nurture the life-long process of learning from (design) experience as suggested by the cognitive model underlying CBD, and Case-Based Reasoning in general. DYNAMO is therefore conceived as an (inter-)active workhouse rather than a passive warehouse: it is interactively developed by and actively develops the user's design knowledge. Whereas previous papers have focused on the theoretical ideas of DYNAMO, this paper points out how Web technology enables us to implement these ideas as a working prototype. Furthermore, an annotated scenario of the system in use is described.
keywords	Case-Based Design, Web Technology, Architectural Design
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2002/11/22 14:50

_id	f44f
authors	Huang, Ying-Hsiu
year	2000
title	Investigating the Cognitive Behavior of Generating Idea Sketches. Neural Network Simulation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.287
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 287-296
summary	In idea sketches, there are a number of ambiguous shapes. Designers will associate and transform some shapes into others (Liu, 1993). Then, they evaluate these shapes in terms of functions and design requirements; furthermore, they would have generated other shapes that certified the design requirements (Huang, 1999). However, not only is the idea of design composed of one element, but also consisted of varied components. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how designers generate ideas of multi-component products, and to simulate this phenomenon by neural networks. At the same time, this paper attempts to study the design cognitive behavior of idea-generating stages, and explores the designers' cognitive phenomenon. Therefore, there are two stages in this paper: First, I conduct a cognitive experiment to realize how designers generate the multi-component product and acquire the sketches that designers generated. Second, I train the neural networks to simulate the behavior of idea generation and explore the cognitive phenomenon in design sketches. As a result, networks associate one shape that trained before, and then generate a complete idea. This phenomenon is similar to the cognitive behavior of designers who saw the ambiguous shape as one shape, which was retrieved from LTM. Moreover, the neural network is examined by a rectangle, which is totally different from the training patterns. The network will associate a confused shape. But the network will associate different shapes by adjusting some critical parameters. Designers can generate variable shapes from one shape, but the signal neural network can't simulate this kind of behavior. On the contrary, this paper proposes five sequential networks to generate variable shapes from the same shape and simulates how designers develop ideas.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ga0004
id	ga0004
authors	Lund, Andreas
year	2000
title	Evolving the Shape of Things to Come - A Comparison of Interactive Evolution and Direct Manipulation for Creative Tasks
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	This paper is concerned with differences between direct manipulation and interactive evolutionary design as two fundamentally different interaction styles for creative tasks. Its main contribution to the field of generative design is the treatment of interactive evolutionary design as a general interaction style that can be used to support users in creative tasks. Direct manipulation interfaces, a term coined by Ben Shneiderman in the mid-seventies, are the kind of interface that is characteristic of most modern personal computer application user interfaces. Typically, direct manipulation interfaces incorporate a model of a context (such as a desktop environment) supposedly familiar to users. Rather than giving textual commands (i.e. "remove file.txt", "copy file1.txt file2.txt") to an imagined intermediary between the user and the computer, the user acts directly on the objects of interest to complete a task. Undoubtedly, direct manipulation has played an important role in making computers accessible to non-computer experts. Less certain are the reasons why direct manipulation interfaces are so successful. It has been suggested that this kind of interaction style caters for a sense of directness, control and engagement in the interaction with the computer. Also, the possibilities of incremental action with continuous feedback are believed to be an important factor of the attractiveness of direct manipulation. However, direct manipulation is also associated with a number of problems that make it a less than ideal interaction style in some situations. Recently, new interaction paradigms have emerged that address the shortcomings of direct manipulation in various ways. One example is so-called software agents that, quite the contrary to direct manipulation, act on behalf of the user and alleviate the user from some of the attention and cognitive load traditionally involved in the interaction with large quantities of information. However, this relief comes at the cost of lost user control and requires the user to put trust into a pseudo-autonomous piece of software. Another emerging style of human-computer interaction of special interest for creative tasks is that of interactive evolutionary design (sometimes referred to as aesthetic selection). Interactive evolutionary design is inspired by notions from biological evolution and may be described as a way of exploring a large – potentially infinite – space of possible design configurations based on the judgement of the user. Rather than, as is the case with direct manipulation, directly influencing the features of an object, the user influences the design by means of expressing her judgement of design examples. Variations of interactive evolutionary design have been employed to support design and creation of a variety of objects. Examples of such objects include artistic images, web advertising banners and facial expressions. In order to make an empirical investigation possible, two functional prototypes have been designed and implemented. Both prototypes are targeted at typeface design. The first prototype allows a user to directly manipulate a set of predefined attributes that govern the design of a typeface. The second prototype allows a user to iteratively influence the design of a typeface by means of expressing her judgement of typeface examples. Initially, these examples are randomly generated but will, during the course of interaction, converge upon design configurations that reflect the user’s expressed subjective judgement. In the evaluation of the prototypes, I am specifically interested in users’ sense of control, convergence and surprise. Is it possible to maintain a sense of control and convergence without sacrificing the possibilities of the unexpected in a design process? The empirical findings seem to suggest that direct manipulation caters for a high degree of control and convergence, but with a small amount of surprise and sense of novelty. The interactive evolutionary design prototype supported a lower degree of experienced control, but seems to provide both a sense of surprise and convergence. One plausible interpretation of this is that, on the one hand, direct manipulation is a good interaction style for realizing the user’s intentions. On the other hand, interactive evolutionary design has a potential to actually change the user’s intentions and pre-conceptions of that which is being designed and, in doing so, adds an important factor to the creative process. Based on the empirical findings, the paper discusses situations when interactive evolutionary design may be a serious contender with direct manipulation as the principal interaction style and also how a combination of both styles can be applied.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	6722
authors	Marques, Sandra Oliveira and Goulette, Jean-Pierre
year	2000
title	Architecture and Cyberspace: Reciprocal Spatial Contamination (Architecture and Cyberspace: Reciprocal Spatial Contamination)
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 81-83
summary	Fascinated by the possibility of designing the world, human being has always searched for tools to mediate this process. Cyberspace became one of this tools. Virtual technologies associated to communicational technologies are changing human’s cultural, social, and material context, consequently changing the idea of architecture itself. The decreasing material content of our activities and their increasing perceptual, communicative and cognitive contents are drawing a new framework to our spatial experiences. Objects, spaces, buildings and institutions can now be constructed, navigated, experienced and manipulated across cyberspace. The particular focus in this paper is to discuss the architectural aspects of the Virtual Architectures (VAs) and an initial framework for its design.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	e6fb
authors	McFadzean, Jeanette
year	1999
title	Computational Sketch Analyser (CSA): Extending the Boundaries of Knowledge in CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.503
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 503-510
summary	This paper focuses on the cognitive problem-solving strategies of professional architectural designers and their use of external representations for the production of creative ideas. Using a new form of protocol analysis (Computational Sketch Analysis), the research has analysed five architects' verbal descriptions of their cognitive reasoning strategies during conceptual designing. It compares these descriptions to a computational analysis of the architects' sketches and sketching behaviour. The paper describes how the current research is establishing a comprehensive understanding of the mapping between conceptualisation, cognition, drawing, and complex problem solving. The paper proposes a new direction for Computer Aided Architectural Design tools (CAAD). It suggests that in order to extend the boundaries of knowledge in CAAD an understanding of the complex nature of architectural conceptual problem-solving needs to be incorporated into and supported by future conceptual design tools.
keywords	Computational Sketch Analysis, Conceptual Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	fdb8
authors	Montagu, A., Rodriguez Barros, D. and Chernobilsky, L.
year	2000
title	The New Reality through Virtuality
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.225
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 225-229
summary	In this paper we want to develop some conceptual reflections of the processes of virtualization procedures with the aim to indicate a series of misfits and mutations as byproducts of the “digital-graphic culture” (DGC) when we are dealing with the perception of the “digital space”. Considering the present situation, a bit chaotic from a pedagogical point of view, we also want to propose a set of “virtual space parameters” in order to organize in a systemic way the teaching procedures of architectural design when using digital technology. Nowadays there is a great variety of computer graphics applications comprising practically all the fields of “science & technology”, “architecture, design & urbanism”, “video & film”, “sound” and the massive amount of information technology protocols. This fact obliges us to have an overall view about the meaning of “the new reality through virtuality”. The paper is divided in two sections and one appendix. In the first section we recognise the relationships among the sensory apparatus, the cognitive structures of perception and the cultural models involved in the process of understanding the reality. In the second section, as architects, we use to have “a global set of social and technical responsabilities” to organize the physical space, but now we must also be able to organize the “virtual space” obtained from a multidimensional set of computer simulations. There are certain features that can be used as “sensory parameters” when we are dealing with architectural design in the “virtual world”, taking into consideration the differences between “immersive virtual reality” and “non inmersive virtual reality”. In the appendix we present a summary of some conclusions based on a set of pedagogical applications analysing the positive and the negative consequences of working exclusively in a “virtual world”.
keywords	Virtualisation Processes, Simulation, Philosophy, Space, Design, Cyberspace
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	9d3a
authors	Morozumi, M., Uchiyama, T., Homma, R. and Tanae, M.
year	2000
title	A City Model for Studies of a Citizen's Way-Finding Behaviors
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.077
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 77-87
summary	This paper discusses the necessary features for a QTVR (cylinder-VR) based simulation system to study a citizen's behavior of finding their way to particular points, as well as observations found in the case studies that used several prototypes developed as a step in the studies. The authors tested prototype systems developed for a downtown shopping area of Kumamoto City, and observed answers to questionnaires in which 30 students who are familiar with the site compared the three prototypes. After observing cognitive maps sketched by nine strangers to the site, and after virtual walks with one of those prototypes: prototype-III, the authors concluded that it could provide a necessary level of visual representation and system operations as a tool for simulating citizens' travel behaviors.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	4003
authors	Nakakoji, K., Yamamoto, Y., Takada, S. and Reeves, B.
year	2000
title	Two-Dimensional Spatial Positioning as a Means for Reflection in Design Design Cases
source	Proceedings of DIS'00: Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques 2000 pp. 145-154
summary	In the realm of computer support for design, developers have focused primarily on power and expressiveness that are important in framing a design solution. They assume that design is a series of calculated steps that lead to a clearly specified goal. The problem with this focus is that the resulting tools hinder the very process that is critical in early phases of a design task; the reflection-in-action process [15]. In the early phases, what is required as the most important ingredient for a design tool is the ability to interact in ways that require as little commitment as possible. This aspect is most evident in domains where two dimensions play a role, such as sketching in architecture. Surprisingly, it is equally true in linear domains such as writing. In this paper, we present our approach of using two-dimensional positioning of objects as a means for reflection in the early phases of a design task. Taking writing as an example, the ART (Amplifying Representational Talkback) system uses two dimensional positioning to support the early stages of the writing task. An eye-tracking user study illustrates important issues in the domain of computer support for design.
keywords	Information Systems; User/Machine Systems; Cognitive Models; Reflection-In-Action; Two-Dimensional Positioning; Writing Support
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	eadd
authors	Oxman, R.E.
year	2000
title	Visual Reasoning in Case-Based Design
source	AID’00 Workshop, Worcester (Mass.)
summary	The interest in CBR as a relevant paradigm for design has led to a series of successful AID workshops over the last few years. Most of these workshops were focused on traditional issues and topics in CBR such as indexing, retrieval, and adaptation. Despite the long-term effort to establish the theoretical foundations for CBR in design, we have yet to achieve the promise of this affinity (CBR and Design). Though there is a general consensus of the cognitive significance of CBR to design and general optimism regarding the promise of CBR technologies for the advancement of design systems, we have yet to realize this potential. In order to strengthen the field in design it appears that additional theoretical efforts are needed in the following two directions. First, we must re-consider the complexity of design and design reasoning as it relates to CBR. One possible direction for future exploration is to view CBR as part of the complex, hybrid reasoning processes in design. This can be done by the integration of other significant cognitive aspects of design which are investigated in relevant fields in AI. Visual reasoning is a fundamental attribute of design, and therefor combining these two research areas may provide significant results for the field. The second direction is to investigate the possible integration of CBR paradigms and techniques with existing computational technologies, including CAD, and electronic media. These two subjects are the main objectives of the workshop. The first section of the workshop will focus on Re-formulating Theoretical Foundations for CBR in Design; within this part of the workshop it is proposed that special emphasis be placed upon Visual Reasoning and Case-Based Design The second part of the workshop will discuss the applicative implications of these re-formulations. The workshop aims to bring together researchers who work on visual and case-based reasoning. It aims to provide a forum for intensive interaction among researchers in these areas. We expect that a diverse background of participants (from AI as well as related cognitive and design domains) will lead to a rich and lively exchange of points of view and will contribute to the identification of significant research issues.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

For more results click below: