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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	96ec
authors	Krawczyk, Robert J.
year	2001
title	The Art of Spirolaterals
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.408
source	Reinventing the Discourse - How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture [Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-10-1] Buffalo (New York) 11-14 October 2001, pp. 408-409
summary	The web site includes a series of images which is part of a larger set investigating the formation of two-dimensional designs leading to three-dimensional architectural forms using basic mathematical concepts. While investigating fractals and space curves, a mathematical figure called a "spirolateral" was encountered. A spirolateral is based on a square spiral with increasing length of turns and the turns repeating themselves. The turns can be all in one direction or certain turns can go the opposite direction. Angles other than 90 degrees can be used. The most interesting of these are ones that close on themselves, not all do. Investigating a series of possible turning angles, number of turns, number of repeats, and trying all revered turns, I identified over 10,000 spirolaterals that closed. This web site displays over 300 such spirolateral designs. In addition to investigating spirolaterals composed of straight lines, a series was developed that curves them. These designs are based on spirolaterals that are curved by antiMercator, circular, and inversion transformations. Figure 1 displays the 460 spirolateral, 4 turns at 60 degrees. Figure 2 and 3 display the same spirolateral with the antiMercator and Circular transformations applied. This web site includes galleries displaying the great variety of spirolaterals, interactive JAVA routines to display a series of spirolaterals, as well as, developing your own design, a technical description of spirolaterals, and the data for all the displayed images. My overall interest is to investigate methods that can develop forms that are in one sense predictable, but have the strong element to generate the unexpected. Using custom software enables an approach that allows variations to be investigated in a repeatable way, this enabling me to fine tune an idea by repetition and experimentation.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	9c76
authors	Krawczyk, Robert J.
year	2001
title	More curved spirolaterals
source	Mathematical Connections In Art, Music, and Science
summary	Spirolaterals are square spirals constructed of straight lines of increasing length. This paper investigates methods that can be used to transform their straight line turns into curves. From the tens of thousands of possible spirolaterals which have been found, that are all closed, with and without reversed turns, a series of artworks is developed showing possible curving methods: curve fitting, splines, inversion, antiMercator and circular transformations, along with hypocycloid and epicycloid curves. These transformations are implemented using CAD methods and custom software. A series of parameters are discussed which generate a variety of artwork.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	a43f
authors	Krawczyk, Robert J.
year	2001
title	The art of spirolateral reversals
source	Journal of Mathematics & Design, V. W. Spinadel, Centre of Mathematics & Design, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria. M&D Editorial Board. Buenos Aires. March 2001
summary	This paper continues an investigation into spirolaterals as geometry to generate artistic forms of unexpected complexity and beauty. This particular phase will concern the two dimensional representations of spirolaterals and its forms based on reversals of turns. Using mathematical and computer-based methods, issues of closure, variation, enumeration, and predictictability are discussed. The overriding interest in this research is to develop methods and procedures to investigate geometry for the purpose of inspiration for new architectural and sculptural forms.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	90b5
authors	Zhou, Qi and Krawczyk, Robert J.
year	2001
title	From CAD to iAD: A survey of Internet application in the AEC industry
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.392
source	Reinventing the Discourse - How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture [Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-10-1] Buffalo (New York) 11-14 October 2001, pp. 392-397
summary	The internet is becoming increasingly more valuable in the field of architectural design that what we conventionally called CAD might soon be changed to iAD (internet Aided Design) (Zhou and Krawczyk 2000). In order to have a clear vision of what iAD will be or could be, we should first examine what is currently available. This research focuses on an investigation of selected web vendors, which are typical and most influential in providing internet related services for the AEC industry. Our purpose for doing this survey is: to understand the progress and development of internet application in the AEC industry, identify the technology used in this area, determine the advantages and deficiencies of current practice and develop a base for future research in proposing a evolutionary model of internet Aided Design for architecture.
keywords	Internet Aided Design, Web-Based Application, On-Line Collaboration
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	cc97
authors	Zhou, Q., Krawczyk, R.J. and Schipporeit, G.
year	2002
title	From CAD to iAD - A Web-based Steel Consulting of Steel Construction in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.346
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 346-349
summary	Information technology has become so powerful that what is conventionally called CAD might evolve to iAD (Internet Aided Design) (Zhou 2000). For Internet applications in the AEC industry, most of the efforts and success have been concentrated on project management and collaboration, while in the design and engineering consulting area, limited progress has been made. At the same time, contemporary development has not changed the nature of the fragmentation of the AEC industry. Based on previous research of surveys of development of Internet applications in the AEC industry (Zhou 2001), and the proposal of conceptual model of Internet-based engineering consulting in architecture (Zhou2002), we try to apply these theories and concepts into a specified area, steel construction consulting for architects. In previous research, first of all, we defined the contents and scope of steel construction consulting and their potential application. Second, we proposed a solid working model covering structure organization, audience, services provided and technology. In this research, a web-based application will be out by prototyped by conducting a conceptual design consulting in steel structure in order to show the whole process of how this Internet-based consulting model works.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	946b
authors	Zhou, Q., Krawczyk, R.J. and Schipporeit, G.
year	2002
title	From CAD to IAD: A Working Model of the Internet-based Engineering Consulting in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.073
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 073-80
summary	Information technology has become so powerful that what is conventionally called CAD might evolve into iAD (Internet Aided Design) in the near future (Zhou 2000). For Internet applications in the AEC industry, most of the efforts and success have been concentrated on project management and collaboration, while in the design and engineering consulting area, limited progress has been made. During the period of Internet development, the nature of the fragmentation of the AEC industry has not been changed. Based on previous research of surveys of development of Internet applications in the AEC industry (Zhou 2001), and the study of information technology both available today and in the near future, we propose a general abstracted model of an Internet-based consulting system by integrating a variety of disciplines and functions of design and construction processes. This model will cover a range of design phases, such as, information gathering, automatic remote consultation, specific problem solving, and collaboration. Finally, in future follow up research, we will apply the proposed model to steel construction in architectural design, and develop a prototype simulation by selecting one type of structural system.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

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