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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	a35a
authors	Arponen, Matti
year	2002
title	From 2D Base Map To 3D City Model
source	UMDS '02 Proceedings, Prague (Czech Republic) 2-4 October 2002, I.17-I.28
summary	Since 1997 Helsinki City Survey Division has proceeded in experimenting and in developing the methods for converting and supplementing current digital 2D base maps in the scale 1:500 to a 3D city model. Actually since 1986 project areas have been produced in 3D for city planning and construction projects, but working with the whole map database started in 1997 because of customer demands and competitive 3D projects. 3D map database needs new data modelling and structures, map update processes need new working orders and the draftsmen need to learn a new profession; the 3D modeller. Laser-scanning and digital photogrammetry have been used in collecting 3D information on the map objects. During the years 1999-2000 laser-scanning experiments covering 45 km2 have been carried out utilizing the Swedish TopEye system. Simultaneous digital photography produces material for orto photo mosaics. These have been applied in mapping out dated map features and in vectorizing 3D buildings manually, semi automatically and automatically. In modelling we use TerraScan, TerraPhoto and TerraModeler sw, which are developed in Finland. The 3D city model project is at the same time partially a software development project. An accuracy and feasibility study was also completed and will be shortly presented. The three scales of 3D models are also presented in this paper. Some new 3D products and some usage of 3D city models in practice will be demonstrated in the actual presentation.
keywords	3D City modeling
series	other
email
more	www.udms.net
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	8869
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	2002
title	Historical Analysis of Building - (Re)Construction in Olivette Park, USA
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 63-66
summary	From 1959 to 1990, East St. Louis, Illinois deteriorated from an “All-American City” to a national symbol of urban blight. Located on the Mississippi River, the East St. Louis of today faces severe economic, social, and environmental problems. Nearly onequarter of the city’s work force is unemployed and about 40 percent of families are living below the poverty level. But East St. Louis was not always a distressed community. With strong ties to St. Louis and the surrounding region, East St. Louis onceflourished as the country’s second busiest railroad hub. Powerful economic and socio-political forces, as well as unfortunate historical circumstance, propelled the city into a downward spiral that drastically decreased the quality of life in East St. Louis. This paper presents the digital re-construction of the buildings and the analyses of the historical aspects of the housing construction and types in this area. Furthermore, it reports the survey and assessment of the quality of building stocks based on therevitalization plan that will provide some guidelines and suggestions for improvement, stability, and future needs.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	63c3
authors	Burdi, Luciana
year	2002
title	Evaluating the Use of a Web-Based Collaborative Interactive Digital Model (CollABITA) in Supporting the Urban Design Approval Process1
source	UMDS '02 Proceedings, Prague (Czech Republic) 2-4 October 2002, III.1-III.15
summary	This research, after analyzing the Urban Development Approval Process in its functionalities and methodologies, is showing the key points at which the process might be supported by new computer technologies, and it establishes a web-based Collaborative Interactive Digital Model (CollABITA Model) that relates and facilitates the graphical representation of the urban design process with some elements of the methodological approach. The CollABITA Model will dramatically facilitate the idea of broadening public participation, and indirectly by this, also collaboration. This new web-based support tool, is focusing on how new Informative Computer Technologies can be used in order to have a more co-operative design process. By utilizing the enormous potential of Internet for informing the process, and software for visualizing its products, the Model will provide an effective support, which will be able to deliver information in various forms to the Designers, Developers, Decision Makers, Agencies and the final user (the Citizens). The Model is concerned with the big challenge of supporting the urban design approval process itself, by exploring different kind of visualizations and communication tools, rather than producing a guide for carrying out the design. CollABITA Model is based on the existent framework structure of the extranet tool already available. Then, more then those, CollABITA Model will try to solve, by adding technical and collaborative functionalities, those issues that are characteristics in the urban design process and that are not jet solved by using one of the software .
keywords	3D City modeling
series	other
email
more	www.udms.net
last changed	2003/03/29 10:43

_id	6440
authors	Chang, Y.L., Lee, Y.Z. and Liu, Y.T.
year	2002
title	Construction of Digital City in Physical City: Cyberspatial Cognition Approach to the Project of Hsin-Chu Digital City in Taiwan
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.109
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 109-116
summary	The cyberspace upon physical space forms a new spatial structure to increase the influence on the urban fabric and the concept of space in architecture. Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. How do digital cities directly connect to physical cities and become an imaginable city? Therefore, we argue that a new spatial analysis theory must be established for digital city, comparing with theories of disciplines, to find the explicitly spatial structures and relations in digital city upon physical city.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	f71b
authors	Cuberos, Ricardo and Indriago, Jose
year	2002
title	Hypermedia approaching to digital cities - 3D Maracaibo Project
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.417
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 417-421
summary	This paper relates preliminary experiences creating a comprehensive digital model of a 2 million inhabitant’s city in Venezuela. Applying multiple computer strategies, professors and graduate students are working together in order to get a 22 thousand hectares 3D model of Maracaibo city, the second largest in the country.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	2f17
authors	Dokonal, W., Martens, B. and Plösch, R.
year	2002
title	New Expectations: City Modeling in the Internet Age
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 97-100
summary	The first part of this paper tries to give an overview over the different aspects of city modeling. After a short history on city models the paper starts with a categorization of the different “types” of city models. We try to explain the various aspects involved in the creation of a city model and the problem of maintaining a city model. Then the paper shows the example of two computer models of parts of the same European city which have been created in two different ways. The first version of this computer model tries to use as many automatic or semi automatic procedures as possible to create the model. In the paper examples of these differentprocedures are given - from the automatic creation of the buildings itself, its roofs, and the surrounding terrain to the automatic cleaning of texture photos of the façade. The second version shows a model, which has been done with just a few automatic procedures and a lot of human effort (mainly students). The paper describes the limitation of both techniques and tries to give an outlook towards the combination of these methods. We will also show the importance of internet techniques in the use and presentation of computer city models.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	88ea
authors	Dzieglewska, Maja
year	2002
title	Cityscan - A digital urban experience
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.201
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 201-203
summary	CITYSCAN is a series of interactive city documentations produced with contemporary multimedia techniques. It is offered as an elective course offered at the Department of Architecture by Prof. Dr. Ludger Hovestadt at ETH Zurich. Digital processing of information, multimedia programs, interactive presentations, teamwork and visualisation, are objects of investigation. A dense global CITYSCAN map elaborated together with students is our long-term goal.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	db00
authors	Espina, Jane J.B.
year	2002
title	Base de datos de la arquitectura moderna de la ciudad de Maracaibo 1920-1990 [Database of the Modern Architecture of the City of Maracaibo 1920-1990]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 133-139
summary	Bases de datos, Sistemas y Redes 134The purpose of this report is to present the achievements obtained in the use of the technologies of information andcommunication in the architecture, by means of the construction of a database to register the information on the modernarchitecture of the city of Maracaibo from 1920 until 1990, in reference to the constructions located in 5 of Julio, Sectorand to the most outstanding planners for its work, by means of the representation of the same ones in digital format.The objective of this investigation it was to elaborate a database for the registration of the information on the modernarchitecture in the period 1920-1990 of Maracaibo, by means of the design of an automated tool to organize the it datesrelated with the buildings, parcels and planners of the city. The investigation was carried out considering three methodologicalmoments: a) Gathering and classification of the information of the buildings and planners of the modern architectureto elaborate the databases, b) Design of the databases for the organization of the information and c) Design ofthe consultations, information, reports and the beginning menu. For the prosecution of the data files were generated inprograms attended by such computer as: AutoCAD R14 and 2000, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and MicrosoftAccess 2000, CorelDRAW V9.0 and Corel PHOTOPAINT V9.0.The investigation is related with the work developed in the class of Graphic Calculation II, belonging to the Departmentof Communication of the School of Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture and Design of The University of the Zulia(FADLUZ), carried out from the year 1999, using part of the obtained information of the works of the students generatedby means of the CAD systems for the representation in three dimensions of constructions with historical relevance in themodern architecture of Maracaibo, which are classified in the work of The Other City, generating different types ofisometric views, perspectives, representations photorealistics, plants and facades, among others.In what concerns to the thematic of this investigation, previous antecedents are ignored in our environment, and beingthe first time that incorporates the digital graph applied to the work carried out by the architects of “The Other City, thegenesis of the oil city of Maracaibo” carried out in the year 1994; of there the value of this research the field of thearchitecture and computer science. To point out that databases exist in the architecture field fits and of the design, alsoweb sites with information has more than enough architects and architecture works (Montagu, 1999).In The University of the Zulia, specifically in the Faculty of Architecture and Design, they have been carried out twoworks related with the thematic one of database, specifically in the years 1995 and 1996, in the first one a system wasdesigned to visualize, to classify and to analyze from the architectural point of view some historical buildings of Maracaiboand in the second an automated system of documental information was generated on the goods properties built insidethe urban area of Maracaibo. In the world environment it stands out the first database developed in Argentina, it is the database of the Modern andContemporary Architecture “Datarq 2000” elaborated by the Prof. Arturo Montagú of the University of Buenos Aires. The general objective of this work it was the use of new technologies for the prosecution in Architecture and Design (MONTAGU, Ob.cit). In the database, he intends to incorporate a complementary methodology and alternative of use of the informationthat habitually is used in the teaching of the architecture. When concluding this investigation, it was achieved: 1) analysis of projects of modern architecture, of which some form part of the historical patrimony of Maracaibo; 2) organized registrations of type text: historical, formal, space and technical data, and graph: you plant, facades, perspectives, pictures, among other, of the Moments of the Architecture of the Modernity in the city, general data and more excellent characteristics of the constructions, and general data of the Planners with their more important works, besides information on the parcels where the constructions are located, 3)construction in digital format and development of representations photorealistics of architecture projects already built. It is excellent to highlight the importance in the use of the Technologies of Information and Communication in this investigation, since it will allow to incorporate to the means digital part of the information of the modern architecturalconstructions that characterized the city of Maracaibo at the end of the XX century, and that in the last decades they have suffered changes, some of them have disappeared, destroying leaves of the modern historical patrimony of the city; therefore, the necessity arises of to register and to systematize in digital format the graphic information of those constructions. Also, to demonstrate the importance of the use of the computer and of the computer science in the representation and compression of the buildings of the modern architecture, to inclination texts, images, mapping, models in 3D and information organized in databases, and the relevance of the work from the pedagogic point of view,since it will be able to be used in the dictation of computer science classes and history in the teaching of the University studies of third level, allowing the learning with the use in new ways of transmission of the knowledge starting from the visual information on the part of the students in the elaboration of models in three dimensions or electronic scalemodels, also of the modern architecture and in a future to serve as support material for virtual recoveries of some buildings that at the present time they don’t exist or they are almost destroyed. In synthesis, the investigation will allow to know and to register the architecture of Maracaibo in this last decade, which arises under the parameters of the modernity and that through its organization and visualization in digital format, it will allow to the students, professors and interested in knowing it in a quicker and more efficient way, constituting a contribution to theteaching in the history area and calculation. Also, it can be of a lot of utility for the development of future investigation projects related with the thematic one and restoration of buildings of the modernity in Maracaibo.
keywords	database, digital format, modern architecture, model, mapping
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	24d4
authors	Gaete, Marcela and Pardow, Irene
year	2002
title	Diseño de Interfase - Metodología de acercamiento a la construcción de entornos virtuales [Interphase Design - Methodology of Approach to the building of Virtual Environments]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 175-179
summary	The project we are presenting is based on our professional experience in virtual interface design of multimedia, in CD-ROM and Web format, which has been developed in our design workshops. Our project methodology has one common basis: The metaphorical and conceptual argument for the creation of virtual environments is supported by the observation of the physical environment of human beings and the objects that surround them.The research we have carried out is aimed at establishing a project methodology for interface design based on the hypothesis that observation and knowledge of the relationship between man and environment (architectural and urban), man and object (literacy and symbolic representation) is the basis for the design of recognizable virtual environments. These are functional, representative and efficient elements for the achievement of communicative objectives of such virtual environments. The project reference that supports our research is the outcome of academic and professional project analysis. These projectswill support the demonstration of the suggested methodology which, in the course of the presentation, will be applied to a project to be developed and whose metaphorical basis is the city of Valparaiso.The objective is to use the urban environment as a metaphorical argument for the design of a virtual environment for the Cultural and Historical Registry of Literature, Plastic Arts and Chilean Architecture where Valparaiso has served as reference, source of inspiration and object of study. Together with the methodological project, we will present the instruments that have been created for reference analyis with the purpose of interface design and in order to facilitate a mechanism to evaluate interface design projects.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	2d03
authors	Head, J., Hoag, R. and Brooks, K.
year	2002
title	An Evaluation of Urban Simulation Processes for the Elumens Vision Dome
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.055
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 55-63
summary	This paper reports an evaluation of the potential use and value of three digital urban simulationstechniques presented on a hemispheric display system made by Elumens®. The utility of this system toengage students and decision-makers in a process of envisioning alternative futures for a communitycollege campus in a Midwestern U.S. city is discussed. Visualization of alternative environments is acritical part of planning and design. The ability of designers, planners and their students to use media toengage and communicate proposals is essential to effective participatory design processes.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	koshak_phd_dissertation
id	koshak_phd_dissertation
authors	Koshak, N.
year	2002
title	OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA MODELING AND WAREHOUSING TO SUPPORT URBAN DESIGN
source	Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University
summary	All over the world, local authorities are moving towards managing and storing urban data in digital form. But the data storage devices used are heterogeneous and typically include relational database management systems (DBMS), GIS and CAD files. As a result, data are present in different locations on different platforms and under different schemas. This poses a problem for software applications meant to support decision-making in urban design that require input from more than one data source. This dissertation demonstrates how data warehousing—combined with object-oriented data modeling—is able to provide a general solution for this problem. Data warehousing is a technique initially developed for business applications, but is equally useful for urban design: The data warehouse constitutes a communication layer between the urban design applications and data sources. It makes the data available through a unified interface that hides the sources themselves and represents that data in terms of a general-purpose, preferably object-oriented, model. The dissertation also describes an implementation prototype of the data model and the data warehouse. The test case of this research is the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, which faces significant urban design and planning issues in connection with the pilgrimage (Hajj) that brings millions of visitors to the city every year.
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/09/09 13:10

_id	ddssup0209
id	ddssup0209
authors	Koshak, Nabeel and Flemming, Ulrich
year	2002
title	Object-Oriented Data Modeling and Warehousing to Support Urban Design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	All over the world, local authorities are moving towards managing and storing urban data in digital form. But the data storage devices used are heterogeneous and typically include relational database managementsystems (DBMS), GIS and CAD files. As a result, data are present in different locations on different platforms and under different schemas. This poses a problem for software applications meant to supportdecision-making in urban design that require input from more than one data source. We demonstrate in our paper how data warehousing—combined with object-oriented data modeling—is able to provide a general solution for this problem. Data warehousing is a technique initially developed for businessapplications, but is equally useful for urban design: The data warehouse constitutes a communication layer between the urban design applications and data sources. It makes the data available through a unified interface that hides the sources themselves and represents that data in terms of a general-purpose, preferably object-oriented, model. We also describe an implementation prototype that supports different applications. The City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia provides us with real-world data and a context to test our prototype.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	7acb
authors	Kuenstle, Michael W.
year	2002
title	Auto-Generative Urban Interventions: A Study of the Relationship between Building Form Generation and Urban Context Mapping
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 297-298
summary	This project documents the progress of research developed to explore the unique relationship between building form and urban context with the application of a novel auto-generative modeling process incorporated into a speculative design methodology. The techniques and parameters for the project are reviewed relative to key concepts of D’Arcy Thompson’s dynamic “theory of transformation” and the development of the auto-generative modeling process. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the set of exchanges between the urban context (field of influence) and the formation of the building intervention that were subsequently mappedthrough a series of diagramming studies. Specific issues explored in the project focus on Thompson’s descriptive analysis of form as a “diagram of forces” and his use of flexible, deformable topological Cartesian nets (Method of Coordinates) to subject the stasis of geometric types to dynamic transformation. Some preliminary interpretations of the project results are evaluated through studies of the generative schemes deployed in different urban situations. The initial results of the study are demonstrated with a resultant schematic building design for a modest scaled intervention in the city of Miami.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	caadria2006_581
id	caadria2006_581
authors	KUO-HSIEN HUANG, CHING-HUI HUANG
year	2006
title	APPLICATIONS OF THE DIGITAL MODEL DATABASE FOR TAIWAN CITY AND ARCHITECTURE: The interactive entertainment platform
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.d1a
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 581-583
summary	In Taiwan, the National Science Council (NSC) has launched the “National Digital Archives Program” (NDAP) since 2002. We participated in two projects: “The 3D digital museum of Taiwan city and architecture” and “Digital model database and professional service for Taiwan city and architecture”. The first one attempted to build a virtual museum for Taiwan city and architecture through the past four hundred years. The second one was a value-added project which intended to further apply the digital contents of the previous one. This project was consisted of 3D refined data, digital knowledge database, and architecture professional service. We were responsible for the 3D refined data. As a result, the digital model database included three cities: Hsinchu, Chiayi, and Tainan, as well as sixty-four architecture models. The interactive entertainment platform is an important leisure in our daily life. In general, the interactive entertainment includes five types: arcade game, PC game, on-line game, TV game, and mobile entertainment. This research pays attentions to the arcade game which presents dynamic interactions between machine and users. Following the improvements of design techniques, we have opportunities to experience many arcade games with different purposes, such as drum game, dance game, and fishing simulator. However, we further apply the digital model database to create an interactive entertainment platform for a racing arcade game.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	e997
authors	Kós, J., Barki, J., Segre, R., Borde, A. and Vilas Boas, N.
year	2002
title	Investigação digital dos projetos do MESP: a busca dos vestígios do modernismo brasileiro [Digital exploration of MESP projects: the search for the Brazilian Modernism footprints]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 75-78
summary	This paper aims to demonstrate how the design process analysis of an important architectural icon of the city of Rio de Janeiro – the Ministry of Education and Public Health, MESP – allows the understanding of how the decisions taken during the design process synthesizes a way those involved in the project see the world, through an architectural artifact. This research presents, through 3D models, grouped in a hyperdocument, the project of that important Brazilian Modern Architecture icon. The 3D models were critical to the hypothesis development. They were a powerful tool to compare the different design versions while allowing projects with originally different forms of representation could be examined side by side from several equal point of views. Another important aspect of the investigation is the use of hyperdocument, through links of several document formats in an interactive way, to present the analysis.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	76d6
authors	Kós, José Ripper
year	2002
title	The Digital Historical Researcher
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.502
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedi_gs / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 502-510
summary	Abstract. 3D modeling is many times applied as a tool to represent historical buildings or urban settings. Most of the time, however, its importance in the research process is minimized. Few researchers credit it as an instrument to discover and understand a historical process. The objective of this paper is to present 3D modeling as an important part of an architectural or urban historical research process. This argument is presented through 3D modeling previous experiences related to historical research, the concept of ‘ur-history’, conceived by Walter Benjamin during his major research project about the history of XIX Century Paris and also our research group examination of the growth of a South American city and the design development of a Modern Architecture icon in that city. In both cases historical research was based primarily in the modeling process, which synthesizes all data collected from plans, archive images and documents, books and analyses of existing artifacts.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	a20e
authors	Lin, H.T. and Chiu, Mao-Lin
year	2002
title	From Urban Landscape to Information Landscape: Digital Tainan as an Example
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.101
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 101-108
summary	Urban landscape is an important visual form to reflect the characteristics of a city. This paper attempts to transform the urban landscape into information landscape to reveal the city characters, build a web-based system to navigate the 3D city model, and better understand the urban life by scene-based scenarios and role-play. The Digital Tainan project is presented for demonstration and discussion.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	3c37
authors	Lira, Roberto O. and Vidal, Claudia G.
year	2002
title	Evaluación de un instrumento para medir el acceso a equipamientos urbanos: el caso de Concepción [Tool evaluation to measure the access to urban equipment: Concepcion's case]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 101-104
summary	The paper explains the evaluation of an instrument, based on a GIS to asses the level of proximity of neighborhood locations to urban services and facilities. Starting from a selected set of these, circles are drawn on a city map with radii representing neighborhood access. The areas within the circles are identified as having a certain level of access. Neighborhood locations within the intersection of two or more of these circles are assigned increasing levels of access. The result is an “access map” atthe city level which represents the amount of services or “urban benefits” that a person can get from a specific neighborhood location. This map is then compared to population distribution and analyzed in terms of deficit of services and facilities.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	c7e9
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	2002
title	Predicting the Past, Remembering the Future
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 2-3
summary	Charlas Magistrales 2There never has been such an exciting moment in time in the extraordinary 30 year history of our subject area, as NOW,when the philosophical theoretical and practical issues of virtuality are taking centre stage.The PastThere have, of course, been other defining moments during these exciting 30 years:• the first algorithms for generating building layouts (circa 1965).• the first use of Computer graphics for building appraisal (circa 1966).• the first integrated package for building performance appraisal (circa 1972).• the first computer generated perspective drawings (circa 1973).• the first robust drafting systems (circa 1975).• the first dynamic energy models (circa 1982).• the first photorealistic colour imaging (circa 1986).• the first animations (circa 1988)• the first multimedia systems (circa 1995), and• the first convincing demonstrations of virtual reality (circa 1996).Whereas the CAAD community has been hugely inventive in the development of ICT applications to building design, it hasbeen woefully remiss in its attempts to evaluate the contribution of those developments to the quality of the built environmentor to the efficiency of the design process. In the absence of any real evidence, one can only conjecture regarding the realbenefits which fall, it is suggested, under the following headings:• Verisimilitude: The extraordinary quality of still and animated images of the formal qualities of the interiors and exteriorsof individual buildings and of whole neighborhoods must surely give great comfort to practitioners and their clients thatwhat is intended, formally, is what will be delivered, i.e. WYSIWYG - what you see is what you get.• Sustainability: The power of «first-principle» models of the dynamic energetic behaviour of buildings in response tochanging diurnal and seasonal conditions has the potential to save millions of dollars and dramatically to reduce thedamaging environmental pollution created by badly designed and managed buildings.• Productivity: CAD is now a multi-billion dollar business which offers design decision support systems which operate,effectively, across continents, time-zones, professions and companies.• Communication: Multi-media technology - cheap to deliver but high in value - is changing the way in which we canexplain and understand the past and, envisage and anticipate the future; virtual past and virtual future!MacromyopiaThe late John Lansdown offered the view, in his wonderfully prophetic way, that ...”the future will be just like the past, onlymore so...”So what can we expect the extraordinary trajectory of our subject area to be?To have any chance of being accurate we have to have an understanding of the phenomenon of macromyopia: thephenomenon exhibitted by society of greatly exaggerating the immediate short-term impact of new technologies (particularlythe information technologies) but, more importantly, seriously underestimating their sustained long-term impacts - socially,economically and intellectually . Examples of flawed predictions regarding the the future application of information technologiesinclude:• The British Government in 1880 declined to support the idea of a national telephonic system, backed by the argumentthat there were sufficient small boys in the countryside to run with messages.• Alexander Bell was modest enough to say that: «I am not boasting or exaggerating but I believe, one day, there will bea telephone in every American city».• Tom Watson, in 1943 said: «I think there is a world market for about 5 computers».• In 1977, Ken Olssop of Digital said: «There is no reason for any individuals to have a computer in their home».The FutureJust as the ascent of woman/man-kind can be attributed to her/his capacity to discover amplifiers of the modest humancapability, so we shall discover how best to exploit our most important amplifier - that of the intellect. The more we know themore we can figure; the more we can figure the more we understand; the more we understand the more we can appraise;the more we can appraise the more we can decide; the more we can decide the more we can act; the more we can act themore we can shape; and the more we can shape, the better the chance that we can leave for future generations a trulysustainable built environment which is fit-for-purpose, cost-beneficial, environmentally friendly and culturally significactCentral to this aspiration will be our understanding of the relationship between real and virtual worlds and how to moveeffortlessly between them. We need to be able to design, from within the virtual world, environments which may be real ormay remain virtual or, perhaps, be part real and part virtual.What is certain is that the next 30 years will be every bit as exciting and challenging as the first 30 years.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	dc32
authors	Maver, T.W.
year	2002
title	Constructing and Reconstructing the City: The Glasgow Experience
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 94-96
summary	This paper describes and illustrates three very different uses of Information and Computing Technology (ICT) to represent, interpret and provide access to the city of Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city. The first application is a web-based three dimensional model of the city centre comprising the topography of the landform, the road and river networks and around 10,000 individual buildings. The model provides the interface to a number of different databases and search engines help the user explor the city. The second application is a recently completed CD-ROM illustrating, from an aerial perspective, the growth of the city from pre-historic times to the present. It comprises 230 images, 140,000 words of text, 5 video clips and 35 sound clips. The third application is to create a web-based massive archive of images (around 10,000) and historical events, personalities, objects and themes that can be updated and enlarged inexpensively and made available on-line to the widest possible audience.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

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