CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 103

_id ddssup0208
id ddssup0208
authors Kawakami, Mitsuhiko and Zhenjiang, Shen
year 2002
title Formulation of an Urban and Regional Planning System Basedon a Geographical Information System and its Application- A Case Study of the Ishikawa Prefecture Area of Japan -
source Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary An Urban and Regional Planning System based on a geographical information system was developed using four sub-systems consisting of a digital map system, a database system, an analysis and forecast system and a planning system. In this case ARCVIEW GIS software was used as a development tool. The digital map system is formulated by the planar orthogonal coordinate system. The data is converted from digital maps issued by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan (GSI). The database system has layers of data sets, which consist of statistical data, attribute data of geographical points and characteristics of natural features and the built environment. Several sets of principal census data havebeen converted to mesh data. These kinds of data sets are also utilized to this system. LANDSAT TM data is converted into vector data and linked to the same coordinate system. The analysis and forecast system consists of statistical or mathematical analysis, forecasts and visual presentations of the results. The planning system consists of some planning models and reviewing techniques to evaluate alternatives. As an example, this paper examines the relationship between land use and the temperatureon the ground level in built-up areas.
series DDSS
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id 9fde
authors Chen, S.C.
year 2002
title Aided Design Strategy Under the Professional Knowledge-Orientation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.293
source CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 293-300
summary Professional knowledge is a key component of the decision making process, as well as a major part of the thinking process. This research uses a strategy oriented by professional knowledge to assist the analysis of strategies in the design process, and to incite different design thinking under the operation models of media; through the basis of the design process, analyse the utilization of professional knowledge by designers in the design process and the different knowledge understanding methods under different media utilizations.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id 49a6
authors He, J., Tsou, J.-Y. and Lam, S.
year 2002
title Potential of Using a GIS-based Natural Visual Landscape Evaluation Tool in Large-scale Urban Planning - A Comparative Study in Dongshan New Town
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.478
source Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 478-487
summary Natural visual landscape is under deterioration due to improper construction and planning in modern development of China. One of the main reasons is the feebleness in planning supporting methodology and technology in respect for natural visual landscape. In such supporting information, landscape evaluation always acts as a significant component. Especially in comprehensive planning, it is the only approach to access visual value distribution in large-scale region. In this paper, we present a GISbased natural visual landscape evaluation tool through a case study. By an integrated rating statistics function of this tool, visual quality of natural landscape is quantified through analysis in visibility, landuse, and visual resource quality. Then we make comprehensive planning strategies based on this scientific supporting tool. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of this tool by comparing these strategies with schemes of the same project conducted through traditional planning module. This comparative study reveals the efficiency and effectiveness of the tool as well as its implementation in large-scale comprehensive urban planning.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id 23b9
authors Mandagaran, María and Barros, Diana Rodríguez
year 2002
title Patrimonio digital y modelos paramétricos tridimensionales [Digital Patrimony and 3D Parametric Models]
source SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 299-300
summary This paper shows the results of 3-D modelling carried out on works of great architectural value. This case corresponds to the building system of Villa Victoria Cultural Center, Mar del Plata, Argentina. The building of a 3-D Digital Model implies the operations of geometric modelling by using Parametric CAD systems in this case, and to the operations of visual modelling in all respects. The analysis focused on three aspects: the morphological aspect, which comprises the visualization and the analysis of the model shapes; the constructional aspect, which deals with the component elements of the model ; and the realistic aspect, where shapes are complemented with appearence by incorporating materialization features which relate to the perception of the finished model.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id 6862
authors Ozel, Filiz and Kohler, Niklaus
year 2002
title Data Modeling Issues in Simulating the Dynamic Processes in Life Cycle Analysis of Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.187
source Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 187-195
summary Typically, in simulating the dynamic processes in buildings, data modeling efforts require the modelingof the building geometry, its components and the relationship between these components, as well asthe modeling of the process that is under study. For example, in simulating the life cycle of a building,one must simulate the flow of materials as well as the flow of information as part of the processmodeling, while a component model is needed to represent the building as an artifact. A third aspect ofthis modeling effort constitutes the simulation of human intervention, i.e. the decision process that mightaffect the nature of the building itself as well as the process that acts upon it. For example, the decisionto remodel a certain component clearly affects both the component itself as well as the process ofaging, when life cycle of buildings is simulated. This paper looks at the data modeling requirements ofthe simulation of building life cycle within the context of the three parameters mentioned above: datamodel for buildings; process models and decision models. Temporal issues in data modeling, such asversioning for components, keeping track of data that are related to change and remodeling, andbuildings as temporal-spatial entities for life cycle analysis purposes are also addressed.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 12d9
authors Anumba, C.J., Ugwu, O.O., Newnham, L. and Thorpe, A.
year 2002
title Collaborative design of structures using intelligent agents
source Automation in Construction 11 (1) (2002) pp. 89-103
summary The construction industry has a long tradition of collaborative working between the members of a construction project team. At the design stage, this has traditionally been based on physical meetings between representatives of the principal design disciplines. To aid these meetings, the information and communications technologies that are currently available have been utilised. These have yielded some success but are hampered by the problems posed by the use of heterogeneous software tools and the lack of effective collaboration tools that are necessary to collapse the time and distance constraints, within which increasingly global design teams work. In particular, there are very few tools available to support distributed asynchronous collaboration. Distributed artificial intelligence, which is commonly implemented in the form of intelligent agents, offers considerable potential for the development of such tools. This paper examines some of the issues associated with the use of distributed artificial intelligence systems within the construction industry. It describes the potential for the use of agent technology in collaborative design and then goes on to present the key features of an agent-based system for the collaborative design of portal frame structures. An example is presented to demonstrate the working and benefits of the prototype system, which makes a significant contribution by allowing for peer to peer negotiation between the design agents.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:22

_id 256b
authors Martens, Bob and Herbert, Peter
year 2002
title Virtual Reconstruction of Synagogues Systematic Maintenance of Modeling Data
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.512
source Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 512-517
summary Computer-assisted reconstruction of no-longer existent (architectural) objects and their surroundings practically amounts to a “virtual comeback”. Irreversible destruction having removed identity-establishing buildings from the urban surface for all times is the principal cause for the attempt of renewed imaginating. Following the destruction of the so-called “Reichskristall-Night” of November 1938 the synagogues of the Jewish community in Vienna surely are to be considered for a virtual reconstruction. 60 years later, in the commemorative year of 1998 the first synagogue reconstruction was initiated. The medium-range goal, however, aims at the reconstruction of at least ten further synagogues within a project to be carried out in stages to be pursued over a period of several years. Fluctuations concerning the people involved in handling also call for a structure to be tracked down later on. This contribution deals with handling of modeling in a systematic manner aiming at a traceable data structure being of utmost importance for subsequent use and following-up work.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id f299
authors Martens, Bob and Peter, Herbert
year 2002
title Developing Systematics Regarding Virtual Reconstruction of Synagogues
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.349
source Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 349-356
summary Computer-assisted reconstruction of no-longer existent (architectural) objects and their surroundingsamounts to a “virtual comeback”. Irreversible destruction having removed identity-establishing buildingsfrom the urban surface forever is the principal reason for re-creating them by imagination. Following thedestruction during the so-called “Reichskristall-Night” of November 1938, the synagogues of the Jewishcommunity in Vienna will only survive by means of virtual reconstruction. Sixty years later, in the commemorativeyear of 1998, the first synagogue reconstruction was initiated. The medium-range goal,however, aims at the reconstruction of at least ten additional synagogues as a project to be carried outin stages over a period of several years. Changes in personnel also call for a structure to be trackeddown later on. This paper deals with handling of modeling in a systematic manner, taking intoconsideration personnel changes,aiming at a traceable data structure for subsequent use and follow-upwork.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id eaea2001_0
id eaea2001_0
authors Schmidt, J. Alexander and Schlömer, Natascha (Eds.)
year 2002
title ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION - NEW IMPULSES IN PLANNING PROCESSES
source Proceedings of the 5th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 3-922602-85-1, 225 p.
summary The 5th eaea Conference in Essen yielded four principal findings: • After having been limited to endoscopic picture and film renderings of analog scaled models, the european architectural endoscopy association (eaea) first bridged the gap to digital environmental simulations at this conference. It is not about a better or correct method, but a suitable method of representing the planned reality of a particular project using ways that make sense. The combination of digital and analog simulation media is a source of impetus to the user of both methods. The future belongs to the casespecific application and the numerous integration possibilities of the two different media. • In investigating the perception of pictures produced in both analog and digital form, it was ascertained that it was only after greater effort that the same level of pleasing qualities were achieved in the digital world, compared to pictures of analog scaled models. It seems that for many planning phases model-based pictures are superior to digital photos – with regards to economy, quality of representation and imaginative attributes. This last point seems to be especially important in the draft planning stages: the less sharp a picture is, the more remaining room for viewer interpretation there is. In particular, the high degree of precision characteristic of digital simulations no longer allows room for imagination in the individual viewer. • 3D environmental simulations will increasingly be incorporated with success in architecture and urban design courses at universities and colleges both here in Germany as well as abroad. The further spread of these techniques to other universities and colleges is desirable. Over and above application as a pedagogic tool, the use of these simulations by architects and city planners, private planning agencies and municipal planning administrators will also be in evidence in the future – for checking designs, for informing the involved parties, for establishing the decisions of government bodies, for marketing the project. • Also, the interactive use of endoscopic simulation facilities continually opens new fields of research – whether it be for registering subjective distance perception, whether it be for determining orientation possibilities in open spaces.
series EAEA
type normal paper
email
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id 394e
authors Tosello, María Elena
year 2002
title El Ambiente Digital Vacío y Multiplicidad [The digital and empty atmosphere, and multiplicity]
source SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 43-46
summary Although some authors sustain that postmodern culture, and particularly science, is in conflict with myths, from another perspective certain concepts, which come from philosophy, are still supporting cultural phenomenons that comes from new sciences, and particularly, from the new technological impact. The following concepts are brief comments about big themes, that will take us closer to delineating the actual cultural character, and to defining a few fundamental philosophical questions which are useful to the purposes of this article. The principal ideas of this paper come from applying philosophical concepts to the new design processes that involve digital media. After establishing the main hypothesis, the demonstration will be developed through the extensive explanation of concepts such as rhizome, emptiness and simulacra, and the characteristics that link them to digital environment, objects and processes.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id 9c41
authors Ahmad Rafi, M.E., Chee W.K., Mai, N., Ken, T.-K. N. and Sharifah Nur, A.S.A. (Eds.)
year 2002
title CAADRIA 2002 [Conference Proceedings]
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.
source Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X / Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, 370 p.
summary Evolution of trends in the realm of computer aided architectural design (CAAD) has seen the convergence of technologies – complementing traditional tools with emerging sciences like Information Technology (IT) and multimedia applications. This appliqué of technologies has not just expanded the scope and enhanced the realm of CAAD research and practice, but is also breaking new frontiers. This creative nexus will be realised at the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research In Asia (CAADRIA 2002) to be held at the Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, Malaysia, between 18th-20th April, 2002. CAADRIA 2002’s theme, "Redefining Content", seeks to recognise and infuse these emerging components in the field of architecture and design with a holistic approach towards online, digital and interactive systems. The 41 papers compiled were selected through a blind review process conducted by an international review panel. To reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of this year's conference, the chapters are arranged topically to facilitate the in-depth study of key components. The component sessions include: // Web Design, Database and Networks // CAD, Modelling and Tools // Collaborative Design, Creative Design and Case Reasoning // Simulation and Prototyping // Virtual Environment and Knowledge Management // Design Education, Teaching and Learning /// We believe that this specialised approach will provide a deeper and more illuminating feel of the various components and their critical convergence in the field of architecture and design.
series CAADRIA
email
more www.caadria.org
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id e8d7
authors Cagan, J. Shimada, K. and Yin, S.
year 2002
title A survey of computational approaches to three-dimensional layout problems
source Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 34 (8) (2002) pp. 597-611
summary The component layout or packaging problem requires efficient search of large, discontinuous spaces. This survey paper reviews the state-of-the-art in product layoutalgorithms. The focus on optimization and geometric interference calculation strategies addresses the common aspects of the layout problem for all applications.
keywords Intelligent Packaging, Product Layout, Optimization, Stochastic Optimization
series journal paper
last changed 2003/05/15 21:33

_id 705f
authors Champion, Erik and Dave, Bharat
year 2002
title Where is this place?
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.085
source Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 85-95
summary ‘Place’ is arguably an essential component of most successful virtual environments, yet the concept ofwhat is ‘place’, and what sort of ‘placeness’ is required for digital environments, are seldom discussed.A reflexive argument such as here is a place because it was designed to be a place does not stimulatedesign guidelines for virtual places, and it certainly does not help us create and evaluate virtual placessuitable for audiences who vary in intention or in available technology. To articulate useful distinctionsbetween virtual places, this paper extends design guidelines proposed by Kalay and Marx, reshapesthem with the help of Relph’s definitions, into spatial visualisation and activity-based environments, andadds a further category, the hermeneutic. The paper also proposes a graduated matrix for selection ofplacemaking elements and for selecting a mode of representation appropriate to the design objective ofthe virtual environment, be it spatial, activity-based, or hermeneutic.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id 3a3d
authors Coors, Volker
year 2002
title Resource-Adaptive 3D Maps for Location Based Services
source UMDS '02 Proceedings, Prague (Czech Republic) 2-4 October 2002, I.29-I.38
summary In this paper, we present a database driven approach for managing and visualizing 3D urban city models and related multimedia content. Such a 3D database is a core component of a 3D Cadastre system (Coors 2002a). In the TellMaris project (IST 2000- 28249, www.tellmaris.com), we will make use of the 3D database to generate 3D maps. The objective of TellMaris is the development of a generic 3D-map interface to tourist information on mobile computers. The interface provides a new concept for creating value added information services on mobile computers for the European citizens related to geographical information. The interface is in the project used for accessing tourist information relevant for boat tourism in the Baltic Sea and Aegean Sea area in the Mediterranean. In this paper we focus on the online generation and compression of 3D-maps in order to make use of these maps in a mobile enviroment.
keywords 3D City modeling
series other
email
more www.udms.net
last changed 2003/03/29 10:42

_id ecaade2009_193
id ecaade2009_193
authors Frumar, Jerome; Zhou, Yiyi
year 2009
title Beyond Representation: Real Time Form Finding of Tensegrity Structures with 3d ‘Compressed’ Components
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.021
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 21-30
summary Tensegrity structures are of interest to architecture and engineering as a practical means to explore lightweight and rapidly deployable modular structures that have a high degree of geometric freedom and formal potency. The notion of tensegrity structures with 3D ‘compressed’ components is introduced and their feasibility is demonstrated through selected physical models. Attempts to further explore the architectural potential of tensegrity structures within a computational environment have proven difficult, as they are statically indeterminate and require form finding procedures to “find a geometry compatible with a self-stress state” (Motro 2002). An overview of tensegrity ‘capable’ software that can be used for architectural design is followed by a discussion that introduces an additional computational method based on particle-spring systems. This approach enables real time manipulation of tensegrity networks. Two projects that utilize this unique tool are described.
wos WOS:000334282200001
keywords Form finding, particle-spring, tensegrity, 3D compressed component
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id d7b0
authors Kvan, Thomas and Kolarevic, Branko
year 2002
title Rapid prototyping and its application in architectural design
source Automation in Construction 11 (3) (2002) pp. 277-278
summary At the beginning of the 20th century, the clarion call of the Modern Movement was sounded to awaken architects to the purity and clarity of engineered and manufactured goods. In this aesthetic, the house was to be considered a manufactured item, drawing upon scientific and engineering logic for the design to be clarified and reduced to the essential. Mass production of the house would bring the best to a wide market and design would not cater to the elite. At the start of the 21st century, the goal remains, although reinterpreted, with the process inverted. No longer does factory production mean mass production of a standard item to fit all purposes, i.e., one size fits all. Instead, we now strive for mass customization, bringing the benefits of factory production to the creation of a unique component or series of similar elements differentiated through digitally controlled variation.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:22

_id ecaade03_561_150_martens
id ecaade03_561_150_martens
authors Martens, Yuri and Koutamanis, Alexander
year 2003
title Realestate online information systems
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.561
source Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 561-567
summary Several commercial real-estate sites provide listings of available commercial property on the Internet. These listings are generated on the basis of selection criteria as floor area, price and location. Despite the obvious utility of the listings and their promise for the transaction process and market transparency, one third of commercial realestate listing sites went bankrupt in 2001 and 2002. To provide an explanation for the failure, 63 commercial real-estate sites were analysed and classified into three basic business models: the Research / Information model, the Marketing model and the Transaction model. A common success factor for all models is the functionality of the site, especially interaction between the user and the available information. The paper proposes that the transfer of existing architectural representations, information-processing instruments and decision-taking tools is an essential component of future development towards integrated services that accompany a building throughout its lifecycle. This transfer amounts to (1) the addition of building and contextual information from standard documentation and online information services, (2) the derivation and coherent description of programmatic requirements database, and (3) advanced user interaction with building information.
keywords e-commerce, human-computer interaction, building information systems,web-based communication
series eCAADe
email
more http://www.re-h.nl
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id 7400
authors Rizal, H. and Ahmad Rafi, M.E.
year 2002
title The Impact of Internet Enabled Computer Aided Design (iCAD) in Construction Industry
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.085
source CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 085-92
summary The advent of the Internet has opened up and given, particularly, the developing countries and the world in general, a transformation into collective intelligence (Levy, 1998) societies linked to digital communication (Rafi, 2001). Apart from large corporations, the rapid evolution of border-less communication has also synergise between the art and science expertise to form low-cost internet-based networks that have become multi-million dollar companies within a short period of time (e.g. Linux) (Rafi, 2001). In the context of architectural designs and construction industries, the birth of Internet-based CAD (iCAD) solutions has offered a new dimension to architectural practice. The function of CAD has expanded as a tool to communicate and collaborate as well as to better control all phases of the architectural practices. This paper will review the current available iCAD tools and explore the possible utilisation of iCAD in architectural practices. The opportunities for modifying current professional practice standards to best use iCAD will be rationalised as well as the elements in ensuring the effectiveness of iCAD implementation. The final component of the paper will be an evaluation framework to measure the value of iCAD in an architectural practice. The framework will become an early platform for an architectural practice to decide and plan their future in utilising and applying iCAD in the most efficient way.
series CAADRIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id 2ed6
authors Serrentino, Roberto H. and Molina, Hernán
year 2002
title Arquitectura modular basada en la teoría de policubos [Modular Architecture Based on the Theory of Policubos]
source SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 264-267
summary Modular Architecture refers to the design of any system composed of separated components that can be connected together preserving proportional and dimensional relationships. The beauty of modular architecture is that it is possible to replace or add any component (a module) without affecting the rest of the system. A polycube is a set of unit cubes joined in such a way that each face of the cube is either completely joined to another or completely free of any join. A polycube is a 3D generalization of polyominoes, which consist in a set of squared unit modules joined by their sides. This paper shows how, from the volumetric and modular character of polycubes, it is possible to set correspondences with 3D forms of architectural use, being a very powerful sustain in assisted design processes. The main purposes are:- to be used as creative triggers in the realization of architectural designs- to enlarge the possibilities of CAAD systems exploring modular complex groupings- to develop a simplified procedure of teaching-learning architectural forms.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:00

_id 8244
authors Stoter, Jantien E. and Ploeger, Hendrik D.
year 2002
title Multiple Use of Space: Current Practice of Registration and Development of a 3D Cadastre
source UMDS '02 Proceedings, Prague (Czech Republic) 2-4 October 2002, I.1-I.16
summary A cadastral registration system provides insight in rights and limited rights related to (2D) parcels. In case of multiple use of space, the 2D parcel has shown its limitations. To illustrate this we describe two cases in this paper. At our Department a research is carried out in collaboration with the Netherlands’ Kadaster to study the 3D issue of cadastral registration in a fundamental way. During this research a prototype of a 3D cadastre is being developed, in which rights established on 2D parcels can be represented in 3D (3D right-objects). We give a description of this prototype and demonstrate that the introduction of 3D right-objects improves the insight in the vertical component of rights considerably by applying this concept to the described cases. Future research will focus on defining the 3D right-objects more precisely in 2D and 3D (geometrically as well as topologically) and on the registration of 3D physical objects (objects as they occur in the real world). The last will require more drastic adjustments in the current cadastral registration system.
keywords 3D City modeling
series other
email
more www.udms.net
last changed 2003/03/29 10:40

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