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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	ijac20031106
id	ijac20031106
authors	Moloney, Jules; Issa, Rajaa
year	2003
title	Materials in Architectural Design Education Software: A Case Study
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 1
summary	Most CAAD software in use for architectural education relies heavily on abstract geometry manipulation to create architectural form. Building materials are usually applied as finishing textures to complement the visual effect of the geometry. This paper investigates the limitations of commonly used CAAD software in terms of encouraging an intuitive thinking about the physical characteristics of building materials in the context of the educational design studio. The importance of the link between representation and creativity is noted. In order to sample the current functionality of typical software used in architectural education a case study involving 80 first year architecture students is presented.These outcomes are discussed and the possibility for new or extended software features are suggested. The paper concludes with an argument for design software that redresses the balance between geometry and materials in architectural design education.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	avocaad_2003_06
id	avocaad_2003_06
authors	Arturo F. Montagu and Juan Pablo Cieri
year	2003
title	Urbamedia - Development of an urban database of fragments of some Argentinian and Latin-American cities using digital technology
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	The proposal of "Urbamedia" is to undertake the development of 3D virtual and interactive models of historical areas of Latin-American cities. The selected zone is the "Mayo Avenue" including the "Mayo Square", an historical place of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina; this project is financed by the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Development of Argentina and the University of Buenos Aires.We are presenting the first experimental model of the "Mayo Square" that has been developed at ABACUS, Department of Architecture & Building Aids Computer Unit, University of Strathclyde UK. combined with a system analysis of urban activities using the “Atlas.ti” CAQDAS software.This particular use of the “Atlas.ti” software is under experimental applications to this type of urban analysis procedures; allowed us the possibility to analysed a set of activities by means of graph theory as result of a series of interviews to the people working in the area. We are also looking to include historical areas of three cities: Mar del Plata, Rosario and Santa Fe (Argentina) and eventually other cities from Latin América as Rio de Janeiro and Habana.Due that ABACUS has a strong experience in city modelling plus the powerful software and hardware used there, we must develop a VRML customized menu to be adapted to our low cost PC equipment. The 3D model will be used mainly in urban design simulation procedures and the idea is to extend to other type of simulations of the environmental parameters.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	sigradi2003_039
id	sigradi2003_039
authors	Balmaceda, María Isabel and Malmod, Alicia Violeta
year	2003
title	Multimedia ¡Alerta SISMO!: Prevención Sísmica en la Escuela (Multimedia "EARTHQUAKE Alert!": Sìsmic Prevention in the School)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	Alerta SISMO is a multimedia developed as a didactic tool in order to teach Seismic Prevention at the elementary school. It intends to improve the performance of traditional tools not only due to the digital support but also because of the didactic proposal. It has been designed to be used by qualified teachers who could guide pupils in their building knoledgement process. The value of this product lies in using computer resources, animation, video, images and sound, whith a didactic intention.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	745f
id	745f
authors	Bauni Hamid; Devin Defriza
year	2003
title	A Preliminary Model of Community-based Integrated Information System for Urban Spatial Development
source	Proceeding of the 3rd China Urban Housing Conference, July 3-5 2003, Center for Housing Innovations, Chinese University of Hong Kong, ISBN 962-8272-26-8, pp. 417-424
summary	This paper describes a research on building Integrated Information System for Urban Spatial Development. The objective of the research phase discussed in this paper is to define a prototype of information system that basically facilitates information communication among involved participants in an urban spatial development planning. The system is designed by putting stress on local community. Their spatial perception and the availability of GIS technology in local context become constraints in building the system. Internet becomes the main alternative for information dissemination for this phase. This is also supported by the use of web-based GIS as framework of information system. Through few socialization sessions, the proposed model has indicated a prospected alternative to be seamless communication media among participants. To support an easy-access for local people in using this information system a mechanism of information access has been proposed in the form of local information center.
keywords	information system, digital model, urban development, community, participation
series	other
type	paper session
email
last changed	2007/02/04 06:15

_id	sigradi2008_049
id	sigradi2008_049
authors	Benamy, Turkienicz ; Beck Mateus, Mayer Rosirene
year	2008
title	Computing And Manipulation In Design - A Pedagogical Experience Using Symmetry
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The concept of symmetry has been usually restricted to bilateral symmetry, though in an extended sense it refers to any isometric transformation that maintains a certain shape invariant. Groups of operations such as translation, rotation, reflection and combinations of these originate patterns classified by modern mathematics as point groups, friezes and wallpapers (March and Steadman, 1974). This extended notion represents a tool for the recognition and reproduction of patterns, a primal aspect of the perception, comprehension and description of everything that we see. Another aspect of this process is the perception of shapes, primary and emergent. Primary shapes are the ones explicitly represented and emergent shapes are the ones implicit in the others (Gero and Yan, 1994). Some groups of shapes known as Semantic Shapes are especially meaningful in architecture, expressing visual features so as symmetry, rhythm, movement and balance. The extended understanding of the concept of symmetry might improve the development of cognitive abilities concerning the creation, recognition and meaning of forms and shapes, aspects of visual reasoning involved in the design process. This paper discusses the development of a pedagogical experience concerned with the application of the concept of symmetry in the creative generation of forms using computational tools and manipulation. The experience has been carried out since 1995 with 3rd year architectural design students. For the exploration of compositions based on symmetry operations with computational support we followed a method developed by Celani (2003) comprising the automatic generation and update of symmetry patterns using AutoCAD. The exercises with computational support were combined with other different exercises in each semester. The first approach combined the creation of two-dimensional patterns to their application and to their modeling into three-dimensions. The second approach combined the work with computational support with work with physical models and mirrors and the analysis of the created patterns. And the third approach combined the computational tasks with work with two-dimensional physical shapes and mirrors. The student’s work was analyzed under aspects such as Discretion/ Continuity –the creation of isolated groups of shapes or continuous overlapped patterns; Generation of Meta-Shapes –the emergence of new shapes from the geometrical relation between the generative shape and the structure of the symmetrical arrangement; Modes of Representation –the visual aspects of the generative shape such as color and shading; Visual Reasoning –the derivation of 3D compositions from 2D patterns by their progressive analysis and recognition; Conscious Interaction –the simultaneous creation and analysis of symmetry compositions, whether with computational support or with physical shapes and mirrors. The combined work with computational support and with physical models and mirrors enhanced the students understanding on the extended concept of symmetry. The conscious creation and analysis of the patterns also stimulated the student’s understanding over the different semantic possibilities involved in the exploration of forms and shapes in two or three dimensions. The method allowed the development of both syntactic and semantic aspects of visual reasoning, enhancing the students’ visual repertoire. This constitutes an important strategy in the building of the cognitive abilities used in the architectural design process.
keywords	Symmetry, Cognition, Computing, Visual reasoning, Design teaching
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	c35c
authors	Bender, Oliver
year	2003
title	The Geographical Alpine Information System “Galpis” in the Raumalp Project. Outlay and Output
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	RAUMALP, an interdisciplinary research project of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, shall examine problem areas of spatial development on community level in the Austrian alpine region. The aim is the investigation of scientific basics for political decision finding, especially for the regional-specific realisation of the Alpine Convention. All ascertained information shall be included in “GALPIS”, a comprehensive Alpine Space Information System. GALPIS based on ESRI ArcGIS and MS Access software works with data from different sources, like ISIS, the electronic data base of Statistic Austria, and original data and maps gathered and elaborated by the working groups of RAUMALP. This also includes ecological raster data. Dealing with administrative units, „real“ space and raster space, RAUMALP will integrate the different space levels mostly to administrative spatial units representing the existing 1145 communities of the RAUMALP study area. This will be realised by overlay of grids, types of land use and communitypolygons. Major task of GALPIS is a conversion of former communal data (p. e. 1451 communities in 1951) that should represent the recent administrative boundaries. By this way it is possible to make thematic and time-integrative analyses of community data. GIS modelling of the six case studies is more complex. The conceptual model has to integrate several vector and raster layers such as land plots (“Digitale Katastralmappe”), types of land use (“Land Use and Land Cover Austria” by M. Seger) and biodiversity. P. e., the working group settlement is using a logical data model based on the entity “building” with the attributes “construction”,“function”, etc.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	caadria2003_a6-4
id	caadria2003_a6-4
authors	Bialas, Z.,Glinkowska, A., Kepczynska-Walczak, A. and Szrajber, R.
year	2003
title	Architectural Heritage As A Force In Networked Caad Education
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 801-808
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.801
summary	This paper aims to present a project being currently in progress. The task is to describe a concept for future access to information resources which cover the Polish (in wider international context) architectural and urban design, architectural heritage, applied arts in form of drawings, images, 3D models and VR along text explanations. In this way the database would enable access to huge resources and didactic packages. The proposed database would be primarily addressed to students of architecture, who in addition would be involved in creation of the collection, e.g. through building 3D models.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2003_b1-2
id	caadria2003_b1-2
authors	Chakraborty, Somen
year	2003
title	Automated Generation of Residential Roomlayout within a Constrained Covered Area
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 85-100
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.085
summary	A significant quantum of all buildings constructed in modern times is designed for residential purpose. A tremendous amount of money is being spent every year for construction of residential buildings. Therefore, optimization of design becomes very important. In a country like India most people in urban area live in houses having constrained area. A significant part of residential units comes under mass housing either as high-rise building blocks or as plotted developments. In any of such schemes there are large number of housing units for a group of families of whom general characteristics are known but characteristics of individual families are not known at the time of designing. This situation is, however, suitable for scientific investigation and analysis based on statistical surveys. Broadly speaking, this paper suggests approach to deal with this situation of finding optimum layout of rooms of a housing unit for any target group of families when the covered area is so constrained that freedom of using different criteria like aesthetics, structural systems, materials and methods of construction in varieties of ways is drastically reduced. In such constrained area for housing units rooms are generally found rectangular within overall rectangular outline of each unit. Method shown here is valid under this restriction. It is also assumed that number of rooms will be restricted to such number that exhaustive search for design is practically possible within a reasonable time with present day capabilities of normally available PCs.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2003_b4-2
id	caadria2003_b4-2
authors	Choi, Jin Won and Park, Jae Wan
year	2003
title	Developing a Building Design Compiler that Frequently evaluates Building Design Performance within the Design Process
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 553-566
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.553
summary	This paper demonstrates an experience in the development of a design performance evaluation system that can frequently evaluate building design performance within the design process in a real-time manner. The evaluation system, that we call "design compiler," is composed of several modules such as a front-end component-based CAD engine, a knowledge base, and a set of design agents. The notion of the design compiler is quite similar to a compiler for computer programming such as a C compiler. While a computer programmer compiles a set of programming codes to check compiling errors during the implementation of a software system, an architectural designer can 'compile' his/her intermediate design product to evaluate design errors during the design process. The compilation can be done immediately at any level or any time during the design process in a real-time manner. We expect that this compiling process will dramatically increase design feedbacks, and thus result in a better design product. Further research issues that have been identified at the end of the research include increasing the modeling capability, extending to multi-story building representation, developing various design agents, exploring better ways to request and manage design knowledge, and supporting design collaboration.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cf2003_m_034
id	cf2003_m_034
authors	DING, L, LIEW, P.-S., MAHER, M.-L., GERO, J.S. and DROGEMULLER, R.
year	2003
title	Integrating CAD and 3D Virtual Worlds Using Agents and EDM
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 301-312
summary	This paper develops an overall architecture for integrating CAD and virtual worlds. The advantages of having access to the building model in a virtual world include the collaborative nature of the world. The EDM database as an object-oriented database is developed to establish a common object-oriented representation of building model, which can be accessed by both CAD systems and virtual worlds. The integration between CAD systems and an EDM database is implemented through the use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) as an intermediate data model and the communication between the database and virtual worlds is developed through agents.
keywords	agents, IFC, virtual world
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	ecaade03_527_71_donath
id	ecaade03_527_71_donath
authors	Donath, Dirk and Weferling, Ulrich
year	2003
title	Digital building surveying and planning Integrative approaches with commercial object-oriented CAAD systems
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 527-532
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.527
summary	As a result of growing activity in the field of renovation and building within existing built contexts, modern digital tools and methods are increasingly in demand. Support of the planning process means: the step-by-step capture of building-relevant information, a rule and parameter-based development of solutions and the combination of traditional and automated methods and technologies used for model creation (building surveying) and model transformation (planning). This article discusses general requirements and the results from our own research and development as well as illustrating how building surveying can already contribute to the planning process more effectively using currently available tools.
keywords	Planning, Building surveying, Process model, CAAD, IT-planning tools, renovation, 3D-model, information systems
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://infar.architektur.uni-weimar.de
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac20031303
id	ijac20031303
authors	Donath, Dirk; Richter, Katharina; Hansen, Stefan
year	2003
title	Internet based support for architectural planning processes
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 3
summary	As building projects become increasingly more complex, the number of project participants grows as does their spatial distribution. An effective decentralised work process and co-operation is of increasing importance. The global computer network, the internet, has great potential and recent times have seen the development of a variety of techniques in this field. The project described here is based upon this approach and also takes it a step further. A specific analysis of the topic and the subsequent identification of potential approaches formed the basis for an architectural application that brings the architect in contact with other project participants using the internet as a powerful yet simple and easy to use medium.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	archidna_thesis
id	archidna_thesis
authors	Doo Young Kwon
year	2003
title	ARCHIDNA: A GENREATIVE SYSTEM FOR SHAPE CONFIGURATONS
source	University of Washington, Design Machine Group
summary	his thesis concerns a new generation process for shape configurations using a set of operations. The approach derives from analyzing a particular design style and programming them into a computer. It discusses how generative CAD software can be developed that embodies a style and how this software can serve in the architectural design process as a computational design tool. The thesis proposes a prototype software system, ArchiDNA, to demonstrate the use of operations to generate drawings in a specific design style. ArchiDNA employs a set of operations to produce design drawings of shape configuration in Peter Eisenman's style for the Biocentrum building plan in Frankfurt, Germany. The principles of form generation are defined as a set of operations. ArchiDNA generates 2D and 3D drawings similar to Eisenmans plan and model for the Biocentrum building. The extension system of ArchiDNA, called ArchiDNA++, supports designers in defining operations and generating shape configurations. Designers can enter and edit their own shapes for the generation process and also control the parameters and attributes for shape operations. Thus, designers can manage the generation process and explore using ArchiDNA++, to generate shape configurations that are consistent with their own drawing style.
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2004/06/02 19:40

_id	ecaade03_407_19_sterk
id	ecaade03_407_19_sterk
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2003
title	Building Upon Negroponte: A Hybridized Model of Control Suitable for Responsive Architecture
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 407-414
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.407
summary	Responsive architecture is commonly defined as a type of architecture that has the ability to alter its form in response to changing conditions. While this description is successful in capturing the gist of the topic, it does not provide us with the more detailed understandings required to build it. The knowledge required to build a truly responsive form of architecture is substantial, an understanding of architecture, robotics, artificial intelligence and structural engineering are all beneficial. The links that are required between each knowledge base to actuate and control the responses of this type of architecture further complicate matters – suggesting potential reasons for the ambivalence of architects towards deeply exploring to the topic or extending it beyond the aesthetic application of an event-based architecture. This paper will build a model of responsive architecture that explains one possible approach to the topic, emphasizing ways to build it and control it in the process.
keywords	Controlling responsive architecture, Controlling networks of response buildings
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade03_541_131_fiamma
id	ecaade03_541_131_fiamma
authors	Fiamma, Paolo
year	2003
title	Object oriented Thinking for Technical Architecture Modelling
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 541-546
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.541
summary	Today it is increasingly important to focus the efforts of research on thinking about the great innovation introduced by digital 3D modelling in the housing sector, not only in the merits but also in the methods of the designing conception. Thinking of an object-orientated constructive 3D model does not only mean to represent it, but to conceive it, by generating it within an existing although virtual space. This encourages one to focus not only on the formal and compositive side, but also on the technical and technological side of the future building, whose constructive components are brought in, arranged and above all connected within the virtual building, as will happen in the practice of building, according to the building rules.
keywords	Virtual Architecture, 3D Model, Object Oriented, Project Thinking
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2003_m_005
id	cf2003_m_005
authors	FISCHER, T., BURRY, M. and FRAZER, J.
year	2003
title	How to Plant a Subway System
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 403-412
summary	We speculate on a possible CAAD future that deploys and extends paradigms of natural growth and cellular development to an extent that would allow the planting and growth of man-made structures. This approach is based on the translation and expression of digital data structures into artificial physical form and the building of structures by decentral means. In such a scenario, generative and evolutionary architecture could seamlessly blend into building construction. As a discussion of as yet unavailable future technologies and methodologies the proposed remains at a “sketchy” level and must largely limit itself to preliminary and speculative considerations. In order to restrain the scope of this paper to the area of building design and construction, we focus on subway development and discuss possible cellular approaches to this particular field emphasizing aspects of functional aesthetics. We encourage the reader to take this example as a point of departure only, to generalise our explanations and to apply them to other building types. We support our discussion with findings made in software simulations of humandesigned cellular growth processes.
keywords	cellular, evolutionary, morphogenesis, subway
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	cf2003_m_097
id	cf2003_m_097
authors	FRÖST, Peter
year	2003
title	A Real Time 3D Environment for Collaborative Design
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 203-212
summary	By setting up collaborative design processes in architecture it is possible to considerably improve the integration of customer needs and ideas into the programming phase of a building project. Our design process includes active collaboration between customers, users and other stakeholders as well as the use of virtual environments in conceptual design. The output from the process is treated as visualised input to the architectural programming. The work presented focuses on developing digital tools to support this collaborative design dialogue. We have developed an extremely “easy to use” digital modelling tool called “ForeSite Designer”. The tool enables the users to build layouts of prefabricated components on a building site in 2D. This 2D layout can then instantly be exported to a lit-up real time 3D environment in the computer game “Half-Life.” ForeSite Designer has been used in a several design events with different settings. This paper presents the tool and one project where it was utilized. The results show that ForeSite Designer can promote dialogue and collaborative design work among the participants. We have also found that it is important how the virtual environment and its components are visually designed in order to support the dialogue and collaborative design work.
keywords	collaboration, customer, real time, virtual environment
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

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