CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id acadia03_022
id acadia03_022
authors Anders, Peter
year 2003
title Towards Comprehensive Space: A context for the programming/design of cybrids
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.161
source Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 161-171
summary Cybrids have been presented as mixed realities: spatial, architectural compositions comprised of physical and cyberspaces (Anders 1997). In order to create a rigorous approach to the design of architectural cybrids, this paper offers a model for programming their spaces. Other than accepting cyberspaces as part of architecture’s domain, this approach is not radical. Indeed, many parts of program development resemble those of conventional practice. However, the proposition that cyberspaces should be integrated with material structures requires that their relationship be developed from the outset of a project. Hence, this paper provides a method for their integration from the project’s earliest stages, the establishment of its program. This study for an actual project, the Planetary Collegium, describes a distributed campus comprising buildings and cyberspaces in various locales across the globe. The programming for these cybrids merges them within a comprehensive space consisting not only of the physical and cyberspaces, but also in the cognitive spaces of its designers and users.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2003_047
id sigradi2003_047
authors Baccaglio, S., Brebbia, V. Bueno, R., Lagorio, L., Noya, A., Salgado, M., Rucq, M. and Pons, A.
year 2003
title Una Herramienta Alternativa Para La Comunicación Académica (An Alternative Tool for the Academic Communication)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary The aim of this report is to develop a digital pattern easy to use, which will be a suitable tool to display images and texts for academic purposes. The proposal is done through the configuration of a html code page. Besides the study proposes to carry out a digital catalog in order to make easy the files and communication of graphic and photographic documentation. The case of some urban transformations in Rosario's riverside sets an example of its use and verifies its potential condition.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2003_039
id sigradi2003_039
authors Balmaceda, María Isabel and Malmod, Alicia Violeta
year 2003
title Multimedia ¡Alerta SISMO!: Prevención Sísmica en la Escuela (Multimedia "EARTHQUAKE Alert!": Sìsmic Prevention in the School)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary Alerta SISMO is a multimedia developed as a didactic tool in order to teach Seismic Prevention at the elementary school. It intends to improve the performance of traditional tools not only due to the digital support but also because of the didactic proposal. It has been designed to be used by qualified teachers who could guide pupils in their building knoledgement process. The value of this product lies in using computer resources, animation, video, images and sound, whith a didactic intention.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2003_093
id sigradi2003_093
authors Banchini, Guillermo andMoliné, Aníbal
year 2003
title Seminario: Exploración de Enfoques y Técnicas Digitales aplicadas al Proyecto (Seminar: Exploration de Digital Aproaches and Techniques applied to the Project)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary This paper explains the experience performed by a group of architecture students during a short term worksop, trying to explore the potentials of new approaches and digital technics applied to urban and architectural design. The main purposes were: the inclusion of objetive information and quantitative data of material significance in order to assist the generation and structuring of the design process. The notions of "diagram", "field conditions", "contextual logistic" and "animation" were the conceptual categories employed to approach the dinamic conditions and time related logics as critical aspects of the flexibility associated with material organizations.
keywords Projects, approaches, explorations, digital, technics.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2003_c4-3
id caadria2003_c4-3
authors Belblidia, S. and Alby, E.
year 2003
title Implicit Handling of Geometric Relations in an Existing Modeler
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.613
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 613-622
summary This paper presents a constraint-based modeling system, integrated into a widely used CAD modeler. Using a notification mechanism, the system records the precision functions called by the user in order to maintain geometric relations between points locations and source objects. These relations are stored in a directed graph which allows an automatic update of the model.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2003_119
id sigradi2003_119
authors Bermudez, J., Foresti, S., Agutter, J., Westenskow, D., Syroid, N. Drews, F. Tashjian, E. and Adams, V.
year 2003
title Metodología Interdisciplinaria para Diseñar Nuevas Arquitecturas de Representación de Datos (Interdisciplinaria Methodologies for the Design of a New Architectures of Data Representation)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary Data representation architecture can be defined as the organizational, functional, experiential, formal, and media-technological order defining the interaction between data, representation, and user. This paper presents an interdisciplinary methodology to develop such architectures in order to significantly improve real time decision making in complex data environments. We have reported in some aspects of this work elsewhere. In this occasion, we will describe our working methodology based on complete interdisciplinarity, the design process and evaluation protocols. We will show work done for Finance and Network Monitoring. Our long-term goal is to design a new generation of data representation architectures that is applicable to diverse fields.
keywords Data representation; visualization; design, architecture, interdisciplinary
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id acadia03_015
id acadia03_015
authors Bernhardt, Matthew and Blostein, Beth
year 2003
title APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF ACCESS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE AVAILABILITY OF COMPUTERS IN STUDIO
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.119
source Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 119-127
summary One of the most significant technological challenges facing architecture schools today is how to provide an appropriate level of access to computing resources. As the computer has become a significant tool in the study and practice of architecture, students need to have access to that tool in order to further their studies. But in facing this question of access, what is “appropriate”? Is there such a thing as too much access? Is 1:1 access—a computer for every student—the minimum level of access that schools and students should accept? Or is there a point beyond which more resources just means more waste; computers sitting idle and unused, or students using the computer for unproductive ends? These questions were the subject of an experimental series of studios in the spring of 2002, wherein three studios were given varying numbers of computers for a term. The use of these computers was then tracked, and compared with previous terms. In tandem, the quality of work produced by these three studios was compared. While additional experiments are most likely needed to draw firm conclusions, the results of this experiment seem to support defining “an appropriate level of access” at less than 1:1.
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id f8f7
id f8f7
authors Bhzad Sidawi
year 2003
title The pattern of Internet use for information management by architectural practices in the UK
source Cardiff University, Welsh School of Architecture Cardiff, UK
summary In recent history, architects have experienced problems related to the use and management of new innovations. The Internet presents one such challenge. It offers considerable expansion in types of communication and sources of business information and connects people and businesses around the globe. As is argued in this research, these services could play a positive role in architectural practice. This research examines the use of the Internet by architectural practices in UK in order to reveal how aware they are of the opportunities it presents, the extent to which they are taking advantage of them, and the problems they are experiencing. A field study was conducted of two types of practices: RIBA private practices and local authority practices. A number of research tools were used to inspect how these practices are using the Internet to manage various types of information that used and produced in the practice, namely: the acquisition of web information, the exchange of the practice’s information through the web and the presentation of the practice’s information on the web. Explanations for the results were sought by correlating variables from the questionnaire study, using simple statistical tests. The field study shows that many Internet services are unpopular among architects, and that practices have problems in adopting and using the technology. The pace at which the Internet is being absorbed and accepted by practices is slow. The study suggests that possible causes are: the little knowledge of users’ about IT, the poor resources of the practice, and old or imperfect Internet installations and the absence of the Internet support to the architect’s activities. The research argues that there are a number of links between these negative factors which make the practice unable to utilize the Internet and to manage the practice’s information through the Internet. To break these links, the research suggests that practices should adopt a specific management strategy to promote more utilization of Internet services in the office and to manage information. Practices need to make certain changes to the way they manage the Internet and work with it, if they plan to integrate the Internet more successfully into their practice. The research discusses techniques for improving practice management which would help practices to digest Internet technology and to use it more effectively in the practice.
keywords Internet, Architectural practices, Information management, Communications
series thesis:PhD
type normal paper
email
last changed 2006/11/03 23:29

_id sigradi2003_043
id sigradi2003_043
authors Bianchi, N., Montelpare, A. and Soboleosky, L.
year 2003
title El aprendizaje inicial del proceso proyectual (The initial learning of the design process)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary The act of design using the graphic language is esential to the organization and determination of the process. Introducing digital tools modifies the design project research. Its application faces the traditional experience and encourages different demands conceptually and operatively. We wonder if the use of digital media, from the very beginning, is possible or pupils must have trainning in the use of conventional graphic in order to be meaningfull. Our proposition is to include digital technology from the beginnitng of the teaching process, in order to explore the potencial of each mode and promoving to learn the normative background.
keywords Initial learning design, analog and digital modes
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id 9b4d
authors Boerner, Wolfgang
year 2003
title The “Franziszeische Kataster” (land register) – Only a historial Map?
source CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary Franz I. of Austria that the legislative and technical hindrances were cleared away in order to commence with big changes. One cantruly say that it was due to his land tax patent from the 23rd of December 1817 that he founded the main land register of Austria andof the whole empire. The basic ideas of this patent are still valid today.This land register, named after it’s originator, was also said to be a “stabile” land register because the net profit rate, which wascrucial for the rating of taxation, was to be stabilized without giving consideration to higher productivity or diligence except to casesin which the fertility of the earth was destroyed by natural phenomenon.The land register was developed for the city of Vienna in the years 1819 to 1824. This land register of Vienna was scanned and digitized by the Urban Archaeology of Vienna. Since the launching of the “Kulturgüterkataster (Cultural Heritage Cadastre)“ in 1996, the individual municipal departments of the City of Vienna have developed a massive body of know-how regarding the various fields of interest. In particular, the inventoryingand evaluation of architectural objects as implemented by the City of Vienna could be easily adapted to other EU cities. It has alreadybeen suggested to initiate corresponding EU projects or participate in such.The long-time objective is an Internet portal. Based on the applications and competence developed in Vienna, the cultural assets of European metropolises could be digitised to present them in a novel forum. Lovers of culture, historians and urban planners would thus dispose of an instrument that renders urbanistic research much more efficient. Here, the “Franziszeischer Kataster“ could play a key role. Especially in the candidate countries in Eastern and South-eastern Europe, land surveying to this day would be unthinkable without this land register. A digital version of the register, could provide enormous support to the surveyor’s offices in the new Member States.
series other
email
last changed 2003/11/21 15:16

_id cf2011_p157
id cf2011_p157
authors Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year 2011
title Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call “business views”. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users’ business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user’s interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id sigradi2003_072
id sigradi2003_072
authors Braga, Gisele Pinna
year 2003
title O modelo digital auxilia a compreensão do desenho arquitetônico ou o desenho arquitetônico auxilia a compreensão do modelo digital (The digital model assists the understanding of the architectural design or the architectural design assists the understanding of the digital models)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary In order to design architecture projects, 1st grade architecture students have to understand the space and how to figure it out. To be succeeded in the design process it is necessary to develop their spatial abstraction capability. Each architectural representation tool can contribute for this development. This work shows the pedagogical experience applied to students of the first grade of architecture course at UNICENP, in Curitiba, Brazil, approaching the strategies of different subjects to increase the development of spatial skills using different architecture design tools.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2003_135
id sigradi2003_135
authors Breutmann, B., Fernández, M., Piegari, R., Guerrero, R., Borda Almeida da Silva, A. , Rodríguez Félix, N., Pina, A., Serón Arbeloa, F., Latorre Andrés, P. Vaz de Carvalho, C. and Payssé, M.
year 2003
title Proyecto Red Alfa T-GAME (Teaching computer Graphics And MultimEdia) (Alfa Network Project T-GAME (Teaching Computer Graphics and Multimedia))
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary T-GAME Project integrates the academical achievement of eight European and Latin American universities in order to design a series of interdisciplinaries courses, related to computer graphics, to be assumed in new standard and post grade plans of study by those universities.
keywords Teaching, computer graphics, multimedia, interdisciplinary
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2003_a1-2
id caadria2003_a1-2
authors Bunyavipakul, Monchai and Charoensilp, Ekasidh
year 2003
title Designing the Virtual Design Studio System for Collaborative Work on Pda Collaborative Works Anytime, Anywhere
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.043
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 43-54
summary This research presents the collaboration in the VDS system through a microcomputer technology- a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants). Architect can collaborate anytime anyplace via VDS, a substitution to an old system that requires a specific location to work on. This research has studied and analyzed the format and the limitation of collaboration between PDA and Personal Computer, the wireless communication technology, and the Web Service technology, which enable different devices to share information through the Internet Network. The work process and the studied information have been used to develop a Web Application, a collaboration tool for a team of architect and designer. This Web Application has been tested in a renovation project, a clubhouse for a scuba diving place The objective of this research is to become a guideline of collaboration in architectural design work through Smart Object in order to serve the coming Ubiquitous era (Weiser, 1998)
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ijac20031304
id ijac20031304
authors Bustos, Gabriela L.; Burgos, Ivan P.
year 2003
title Virtual Menus on VRML
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 3
summary The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) has allowed the expansion of resources and possibilities for architectural applications. In order to take even more advantage of VRML, we developed an application of virtual menus within VRML using Java Script as a first step to the creation of a Synthetic Environment Laboratory for architectural design. This paper briefly presents the criteria used to define the menus, the utilization of Visual Basic programming to allow the addition of said virtual menus to any file with extension *. wrl, specific examples of applicability of the menus developed, and how they were inserted in a methodological model of architectural design.
series journal
more http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id ijac20031408
id ijac20031408
authors Chang, Yu-Li
year 2003
title Spatial Cognition in Digital Cities
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 4
summary Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, there are questions as to how to enter the new emerging digital cities, how humans perceive themselves in digital cities, and there are also issues of recognition of the digital city forms? This paper takes the idea of cognition in order to explore the structure of the new spatiality as cyberspace. By exploring the factors relating to human spatial cognition in physical space it is possible to interpret how humans perceive the spatial form of digital cities. By examining spatial experience in physical space, the interface of spatial cognition of interaction between digital cities and physical cities can be investigated. And by taking this approach, we propose an online prototype of a metaphor for a digital city.
series journal
more http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id caadria2003_a4-3
id caadria2003_a4-3
authors Chang, Yu-Li
year 2003
title Dual Interface Between Physical and Digital Cities Cyberspatial Cognitive Approach to Thread Digital City In Physical City
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.523
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 523-538
summary Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to explore the structure of the new style spatiality as cyberspace. By exploring the factors of human spatial cognition in physical space to interpret that human how to image and percept the spatial form of digital cities by the spatial experience in physical space, to construct the dual interface of spatial cognition of interaction between digital cities and physical cities.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id caadria2003_a5-4
id caadria2003_a5-4
authors Chang, Yu-Li
year 2003
title The Prototype of Digital Cities On Line A Cognition-Oriented Approach for Spatially Metaphorical Model
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.651
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 651-662
summary The cyberspace upon physical space forms a new spatial structure to increase the influence on the urban fabric and the concept of space in architecture. Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? How do digital cities directly connect to physical cities and become an imaginable city? Therefore, we argue that a new spatial analysis theory must be established for digital city, comparing with theories of spatial cognition, to find the explicitly spatial structures and relations in digital city upon physical city. This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to propose a prototype of metaphor of digital city.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id caadria2003_a7-1
id caadria2003_a7-1
authors Chantawit, D. and Hadikusumo, B.H.W.
year 2003
title Integrated 4d Cad and Construction Safety Planning Information for a Better Safety Management
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.891
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 891-904
summary Safety is an important element of project successes. In the conventional project management, safety planning, as a function, is separated from other functions, such as planning/scheduling function. This separation creates difficulties for engineers to analyze what, when, why and where a safety measure is needed to prevent accidents in a construction activity. Another problem occurs due to the conventional practice of representing project designs using two-dimensional (2D) drawings. In this practice, a user (e.g. an engineer) has to convert the 2D drawings into three-dimensional (3D) mental pictures, and this is a tedious task. If only converting this 2D drawing is a tedious task, combining these 2D drawings with safety planning creates more difficult tasks. In order to address the problems, this paper discusses our research in integrating construction scheduling and safety planning in a 4D environment.
series CAADRIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id cf2003_m_001
id cf2003_m_001
authors CHEVRIER, Christine and PERRIN, Jean Pierre
year 2003
title ModLum - Illumination Project Aided Design Tool
source Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 361-370
summary Illumination phenomena simulation is important for architectural project design and communication: simulation tools must assist efficiently the designer; results have to be reliable and realistic for the decision-makers. Indeed, it is very difficult, for a nonspecialist to imagine the result of an illumination from the light designer plans. Experience shows that the success of a photo-realistic simulation relies essentially on the choice of the light source characteristics and their correct positioning in the scene. This paper first presents the specificities of illumination projects (very large geometrical data bases enlightened by a large amount of light sources) and the difficulties of their set-up. Light arrangement requires tricky compositions, judicious choices and accurate studies. Currently there is no specific modeller for the handling of light sources as they are considered in radiosity software. Then we present the interactive tool we have developed, named ModLum, in order to set up light sources in a 3D architectural model in order to save time during the design step and simplify the source handling. ModLum specifications and principles are presented. Finally, an application is presented: the illumination project of two cloisters in Quito (Ecuador, South America).
keywords architecture, lighting, simulation
series CAAD Futures
last changed 2003/09/22 12:21

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