Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade03_639_62_liew
id	ecaade03_639_62_liew
authors	Liew, Haldane
year	2003
title	SGML - A Shape Grammar Meta-Language
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 639-648
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.639
summary	The shape grammar meta-language creates layers of abstraction in the shape grammar formalism for the purpose of developing descriptions that can organize and sequence rule applications in a grammar, filter information in a drawing, and provide additional matching constraints based on the subshapes found. These concepts are incorporated into the formalism by expanding the rule application process into six phases; control, context, transformations, parameters, descriptors, and application. Seven meta-language descriptive conventions are developed from the six phases; rule-sets, directive, label-filters, focus, maxline, zones, and apply-mode. Examples of how the meta-language descriptions can be used to generate designs are provided.
keywords	Shape grammars, meta-language, and computational design
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://architecture.mit.edu/~haldane
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia03_036
id	acadia03_036
authors	Gerzso, J. Michael
year	2003
title	On the Limitations of Shape Grammars: Comments on Aaron Fleisher’s Article “Grammatical Architecture?”
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 279-287
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.279
summary	Shape grammars were introduced by Gips and Stiny in 1972. Since then, there have been many articles and books written by them and their associates. In 1992, Aaron Fleisher, a professor at the School of Planning, MIT, wrote a critique of their work in an article titled “Grammatical Architecture?” published in the journal Environment and Planning B. According to him, Gips, Stiny and later Mitchell, propose a hypothesis that states that shape grammars are presumed to represent knowledge of architectural form, that grammars are “formable,” and that there is a visual correspondence to verbal grammar. The strong version of “the hypothesis requires that an architectural form be equivalent to a grammar.” Fleisher considers these hypotheses unsustainable, and argues his case by analyzing the differences between language, and architecture, and by dealing with the concepts of lexicons, syntax and semantics. He concludes by stating that architectural design is negotiated in two modalities: the verbal and the visual, and that equivalences are not at issue; they do not exist. If there is such thing as a language for design, it would provide the means to maintain a discussion of the consequences in one mode, of the state and conditions of the other. Fleisher’s observations serve as the basis of this paper, a tribute to him, and also an opportunity to present an outline to an alternate approach or hypothesis to shape grammars, which is “nonlinguistic” but “generative,” in the sense that it uses production rules. A basic aspect of this hypothesis is that the only similarity between syntactic rules in language and some rules in architecture is that they are recursive.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	sigradi2003_020
id	sigradi2003_020
authors	Abarca, R., Díaz, S. and Moreno, S.
year	2003
title	Desarrollo de material informatico-educativo para la enseñanza de la geometría a estudiantes de diseño (Development of IT-based educational material for the teaching of geometry to students of design)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This paper is born as an answer to the meaningful learning difficulties and academic performance in Spatial and Flat Geometry course on second year Design School at Universidad de las Americas University, Santiago de Chile. The problem is faced from the potentiality that digital environment gives us in representation, display options, shape and projection testing, analysis and non visual accounts to teach flat and spatial geometry within the receptors' codes and coherent with designer's own language.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	avocaad_2003_17
id	avocaad_2003_17
authors	Anna Maria Chrabin, Jaroslaw Szewczyk and Herman Neuckermans
year	2003
title	A Critical Evaluation of Early Stages Software in its Capacity of Coping with Contextual Issues
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	In this paper we analyse critically early design stages software in its capacity of coping with contextual data at large (i.e. representing cultural, aesthetical context, etc.). We identified 5 categories of early stages software: geometry based graphic editors, evaluation architectural software, generative and shape-grammar based systems, evolutionary systems and other systems. Calling the object under creation during of the early stages a CAD conceptual model, we will investigate to what extend this software allows the architect to experience and represent the context in which a design is situated. Especially we will focus on its capacity to allow interaction, playful interaction on our way to the design. Designers, and particularly architects, interact with the local context similarly to interacting in a game: the context influences the users’ decisions, surprises them and causes permanent changes to their ways of thinking. On the other hand, architects permanently shape and reshape the context, and reduce the context to a protean point of reference. Such behaviour characterises creative thinking that is crucial for the early stage of design. The investigation led us to the conclusions that the effective interactivity with the context needs simple rules, a plain interface and data reduced as simple as possible, especially when interaction with the context is performed during the early stages of a design process. The findings can be used in organising computer environments for early-stage design.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	sigradi2008_049
id	sigradi2008_049
authors	Benamy, Turkienicz ; Beck Mateus, Mayer Rosirene
year	2008
title	Computing And Manipulation In Design - A Pedagogical Experience Using Symmetry
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The concept of symmetry has been usually restricted to bilateral symmetry, though in an extended sense it refers to any isometric transformation that maintains a certain shape invariant. Groups of operations such as translation, rotation, reflection and combinations of these originate patterns classified by modern mathematics as point groups, friezes and wallpapers (March and Steadman, 1974). This extended notion represents a tool for the recognition and reproduction of patterns, a primal aspect of the perception, comprehension and description of everything that we see. Another aspect of this process is the perception of shapes, primary and emergent. Primary shapes are the ones explicitly represented and emergent shapes are the ones implicit in the others (Gero and Yan, 1994). Some groups of shapes known as Semantic Shapes are especially meaningful in architecture, expressing visual features so as symmetry, rhythm, movement and balance. The extended understanding of the concept of symmetry might improve the development of cognitive abilities concerning the creation, recognition and meaning of forms and shapes, aspects of visual reasoning involved in the design process. This paper discusses the development of a pedagogical experience concerned with the application of the concept of symmetry in the creative generation of forms using computational tools and manipulation. The experience has been carried out since 1995 with 3rd year architectural design students. For the exploration of compositions based on symmetry operations with computational support we followed a method developed by Celani (2003) comprising the automatic generation and update of symmetry patterns using AutoCAD. The exercises with computational support were combined with other different exercises in each semester. The first approach combined the creation of two-dimensional patterns to their application and to their modeling into three-dimensions. The second approach combined the work with computational support with work with physical models and mirrors and the analysis of the created patterns. And the third approach combined the computational tasks with work with two-dimensional physical shapes and mirrors. The student’s work was analyzed under aspects such as Discretion/ Continuity –the creation of isolated groups of shapes or continuous overlapped patterns; Generation of Meta-Shapes –the emergence of new shapes from the geometrical relation between the generative shape and the structure of the symmetrical arrangement; Modes of Representation –the visual aspects of the generative shape such as color and shading; Visual Reasoning –the derivation of 3D compositions from 2D patterns by their progressive analysis and recognition; Conscious Interaction –the simultaneous creation and analysis of symmetry compositions, whether with computational support or with physical shapes and mirrors. The combined work with computational support and with physical models and mirrors enhanced the students understanding on the extended concept of symmetry. The conscious creation and analysis of the patterns also stimulated the student’s understanding over the different semantic possibilities involved in the exploration of forms and shapes in two or three dimensions. The method allowed the development of both syntactic and semantic aspects of visual reasoning, enhancing the students’ visual repertoire. This constitutes an important strategy in the building of the cognitive abilities used in the architectural design process.
keywords	Symmetry, Cognition, Computing, Visual reasoning, Design teaching
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	caadria2003_b1-1
id	caadria2003_b1-1
authors	Gu, Ning and Maher, Mary Lou
year	2003
title	A Grammar for The Dynamic Design of Virtual Architecture Using Rational Agents
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 71-84
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.071
summary	Virtual Architecture is a virtual place that uses the metaphor of architecture and provides an online environment for various human activities. While Virtual Architecture inherits many of the characteristics of physical architecture, it is possible to reconsider the virtual in terms of flexibility and autonomy. This paper presents a Usercentred Virtual Architecture (UcVA) Agent, a kind of rational agent capable of representing a person in virtual worlds and designing virtual worlds based on current needs. The UcVA agent model has a design component that uses the shape grammar formalism. This model and a sample grammar are demonstrated for a meeting room scenario.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac20031404
id	ijac20031404
authors	Gu, Ning; Maher, Mary Lou
year	2003
title	A Grammar for the Dynamic Design of Virtual Architecture Using Rational Agents
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 4
summary	Virtual Architecture is a virtual place that uses the metaphor of architecture and provides an online environment for various human activities. While Virtual Architecture inherits many of the characteristics of physical architecture, it is possible to reconsider the virtual in terms of flexibility and autonomy. This paper presents a User-centred Virtual Architecture (UcVA) Agent; a kind of rational agent capable of representing a person in virtual worlds and designing virtual worlds based on current needs. The UcVA agent model has a design component that uses the shape grammar formalism. This model and a sample grammar are demonstrated for a meeting room scenario.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2003_043
id	sigradi2003_043
authors	Bianchi, N., Montelpare, A. and Soboleosky, L.
year	2003
title	El aprendizaje inicial del proceso proyectual (The initial learning of the design process)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	The act of design using the graphic language is esential to the organization and determination of the process. Introducing digital tools modifies the design project research. Its application faces the traditional experience and encourages different demands conceptually and operatively. We wonder if the use of digital media, from the very beginning, is possible or pupils must have trainning in the use of conventional graphic in order to be meaningfull. Our proposition is to include digital technology from the beginnitng of the teaching process, in order to explore the potencial of each mode and promoving to learn the normative background.
keywords	Initial learning design, analog and digital modes
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
authors	Bremer, S. and Sander, H.
year	2004
title	View from the Road: Environmental Simulation for the Fractal City of Rhine Ruhr
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 43-47
summary	Highway seems to be more an issue of traffic planning than of urban design. But the highway can be a very important factor for the modern city pattern. Highways shape the spatial form of the fractal city. The modern highway can define new cores outside and “interior edges” within the city. Seen as a planning tool, highways are the great neglected opportunity in city and regional design. The 1st Architecture Biennial, 1ab, taking place from May 2003 to July 2003 in Rotterdam, explores the creative potentials of modern highways worldwide. An international research team discovered the spatial functions of highways in modern agglomerations. This lecture will give an overview of the results of the worldwide analyses and the design projects that had been undertaken. Both authors are members of the German research team. The German team examined the A 42 running through the Ruhrgebiet, a former coal and steal area in western Germany. The Ruhr Area is converting from an industrially orientated region to an agglomeration of high technology and science. But the regional image remains the same due to the fact that the changes cannot be seen, neither physically, nor from the road. Here, the highway could be used as a catalyst supporting and structuring the spatial changes to make them more legible for the people of Rhine-Ruhr. The nature becomes the most important tool of highway design. Landscape forms a linkage between the different cities of the region. Together with the A 40 and other local highways the region becomes the most important (and largest) public space of the new Rhine-Ruhr. The highway seen as a work of urban art can be designed only from the perspective of the driving car.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	caadria2003_a1-1
id	caadria2003_a1-1
authors	Burrow, A., Burry, J., More, G., Tengono, Y. and Burry, M.
year	2003
title	Visual and Sonic Communication Representations to Support Design Interaction
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 29-42
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.029
summary	Interaction between collaborating parties exerts strong and surprising forces on the design process and thus its outcomes. Hence, there is much to be gained by investigating the nature of these communications. By definition, an organisation establishes clear protocols to realise effective communication, and does so in response to business needs. In contrast, creative endeavours must often harness loose teams of specialised individuals, working in different contexts, disciplines, and language bases, and relying on nonformalised yet highly selective exchanges of information. It is therefore a considerable challenge to comprehend and improve these processes. One approach is to exploit the discrete information contained within digital communications to produce models of these complex conditions. This paper reports preliminary work to identify the components of an email visualisation system. The goal is to apprehend developing structures, providing the collective with the capacity for reflection.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac20031304
id	ijac20031304
authors	Bustos, Gabriela L.; Burgos, Ivan P.
year	2003
title	Virtual Menus on VRML
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 3
summary	The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) has allowed the expansion of resources and possibilities for architectural applications. In order to take even more advantage of VRML, we developed an application of virtual menus within VRML using Java Script as a first step to the creation of a Synthetic Environment Laboratory for architectural design. This paper briefly presents the criteria used to define the menus, the utilization of Visual Basic programming to allow the addition of said virtual menus to any file with extension *. wrl, specific examples of applicability of the menus developed, and how they were inserted in a methodological model of architectural design.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	caadria2003_b5-2
id	caadria2003_b5-2
authors	Caldas, Luisa G.
year	2003
title	Shape Generation Using Pareto Genetic Algorithms Integrating Conflicting Design Objectives in Low-Energy Architecture
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 681-694
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.681
summary	The Generative Design System [GDS] presented in this paper was developed to assist designers in researching low-energy architecture solutions. The GDS has the capability to evolve architectural forms that are energy-efficient, while complying to design intentions expressed by the architect, and responding to conflicting objectives. To achieve this evolutionary development, the system integrates a search and optimization method [Genetic Algorithm], a building energy simulation software [DOE2.1E], and Pareto multicriteria optimization techniques. The GDS adaptively generates populations of alternative solutions, from an initial schematic layout and a set of rules and constraints designed by the architect to encode design intentions. The two conflicting objective functions considered in this paper are maximizing daylighting use, and minimizing energy consumption for conditioning the building. The GDS generated an uniformly sampled, continuous Pareto front, from which six points were visualized in terms of the proposed architectural solutions.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac20031402
id	ijac20031402
authors	Caldas, Luisa G.; Norford, Leslie K.
year	2003
title	Shape Generation Using Pareto Genetic Algorithms: Integrating Conflicting Design Objectives in Low-Energy Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 4
summary	The Generative Design System [GDS] presented in this paper was developed to assist designers in researching low-energy architecture solutions. The GDS has the capability to evolve architectural forms that are energy-efficient, while complying to design intentions expressed by the architect and responding to conflicting objectives. To achieve this evolutionary development, the system integrates a search and optimization method [Genetic Algorithm], building energy simulation software [DOE2.1E], and Pareto multicriteria optimization techniques. The GDS adaptively generates populations of alternative solutions, from an initial schematic layout and a set of rules and constraints designed by the architect to encode design intentions. The two conflicting objective functions considered in this paper are maximizing daylighting use and minimizing energy consumption for conditioning the building. The GDS generated an uniformly sampled, continuous Pareto front, from which six points were visualized in terms of the proposed architectural solutions.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2003_097
id	sigradi2003_097
authors	Carnicero, C. , Fornari, G. and Enrich, Rosa
year	2003
title	Superficies en las ciudades invisibles (Surfaces in the invisible cities)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	We present as an example a story entitled "Invisible Cities" by Italo Calvino in which the author describes an imaginary city. Appealing to mathematical concepts, students seek to design a type of city or architectural space, arising from each student's interpretation of the text. Here, Literature, Design and Mathematics form a framework in which each discipline justifies the presence of the others. In our private case the need of an evolution of the language is presented besides by means of the use of the Digital Graphic.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	caadria2003_a4-3
id	caadria2003_a4-3
authors	Chang, Yu-Li
year	2003
title	Dual Interface Between Physical and Digital Cities Cyberspatial Cognitive Approach to Thread Digital City In Physical City
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 523-538
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.523
summary	Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to explore the structure of the new style spatiality as cyberspace. By exploring the factors of human spatial cognition in physical space to interpret that human how to image and percept the spatial form of digital cities by the spatial experience in physical space, to construct the dual interface of spatial cognition of interaction between digital cities and physical cities.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2003_a5-4
id	caadria2003_a5-4
authors	Chang, Yu-Li
year	2003
title	The Prototype of Digital Cities On Line A Cognition-Oriented Approach for Spatially Metaphorical Model
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 651-662
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.651
summary	The cyberspace upon physical space forms a new spatial structure to increase the influence on the urban fabric and the concept of space in architecture. Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? How do digital cities directly connect to physical cities and become an imaginable city? Therefore, we argue that a new spatial analysis theory must be established for digital city, comparing with theories of spatial cognition, to find the explicitly spatial structures and relations in digital city upon physical city. This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to propose a prototype of metaphor of digital city.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade03_465_118_chase
id	ecaade03_465_118_chase
authors	Chase, Scott C.
year	2003
title	Revisiting the use of generative design tools in the early stages of design education
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 465-472
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.465
summary	Computer based generative design tools can help elucidate the nature of design, but are often restricted in their scope due to implementation issues. These ‘toy’ applications are often developed as proof of concept software, but have the potential to serve as teaching aids in early design education. A number of such tools will be described and the case made for their continued use in design education.
keywords	Generative design tools, design education, computer programming, parametric variation, shape grammars
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://homepages.strath.ac.uk/~cas01101
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cf2003_m_105
id	cf2003_m_105
authors	CHASE, Scott C.
year	2003
title	A Prototype Generative System for Construction Details Combining FBS Descriptions with Design Grammars
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 413-422
summary	A formal framework for redesign based upon Function-Behaviour-Structure models and design grammars is described. A proposed application domain is for the design and redesign of construction assemblies. GDL object technology is illustrated as a candidate tool for implementation.
keywords	construction, grammar, geometric description, redesign
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	sigradi2003_116
id	sigradi2003_116
authors	Daz, Susana
year	2003
title	Miríadas de luz (Diversity of light)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	There is a point, a conjunction of situations: a newly found daub. Finding the shape, the exact spot, going into, imagining the unexplored vastness of something which expands itself...When a daub begins its race and I can see the colors blending, getting saturated or broken. When I see the succession of changes I become part of that space made of light. My eyes are the daub. Neither reasons nor topics inspire the moment. Only the pleasure of finding for a few minutes the magic of perceiving and having, apparently without reason, absolutely aware of our being.
keywords	Light, perception, innocence, space, being
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	ijac20031204
id	ijac20031204
authors	de Vries, Bauke; Achten, Henri; Orzechowski, Maciej; Tan, Amy; Segers, Nicole; Tabak, Vincent; Jessurun, Joran; Coomans, Marc
year	2003
title	The Tangible Interface: Experiments as an Integral Part of a Research Strategy
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 2
summary	The Human-Computer interface is crucial to good design support tools. It has to be non-interruptive and non-distracting, yet allow the architect to interact with the computer software. The physical reality of the interface, such as the shape and manipulability of devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, or data-glove, has to be mapped on actions and commands in the software. Already the current user interfaces are felt to be inadequate for a good support of design, and the functionality of design tools is growing, requiring even more and new physical interface devices. In this paper, we present research on new tangible interfaces for architectural design support. In particular, we focus on the research methodological question how to investigate such devices.The research strategy is introduced and discussed, after which concrete implementations of this strategy are shown. Based on this work, we conclude that the combination of interface and the context of its use in terms of design method and user needs form crucial aspects for such research and cannot be considered separately.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

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