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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia03_031
id	acadia03_031
authors	Paolo Fiamma
year	2003
title	Architectural Design and Digital Paradigm: from Renaissance Models to Digital Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.247
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 247-253
summary	Means of expression have always affected our ways of thinking. Designers, who have to interpret signs, languages, and evolution in order to translate into an organised “form” the recurring problems and values of mankind, have left thoughts, projects and wishes to the study of representational techniques. In this way, they have also disclosed a unique view of reality and at the same time a “way of being” towards the meaning of design itself. In the relationship between architecture and representational techniques, Brunelleschi said that “perspicere” was no longer just the science of optics, but also the science that contained the lines of research on geometry and shape that he was the first to exploit in design. Centuries later, in the axonometric representation advocated by De Stijl and intended for factories and industries, the object, shown in all its parts, easy to reconstruct even in the space to which it referred, revealed with extreme clarity the mass-production building and assembly materials and systems. Digital representational media make a great entrance in the heuristic process, invalidate all signs, and promote its quality. The result is an ever-changing, computerised architecture, dominated by curvilinear, wavy shapes that flow from a generative process made of the deformations, additions, and interference of different volumes.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	sigradi2003_020
id	sigradi2003_020
authors	Abarca, R., Díaz, S. and Moreno, S.
year	2003
title	Desarrollo de material informatico-educativo para la enseñanza de la geometría a estudiantes de diseño (Development of IT-based educational material for the teaching of geometry to students of design)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This paper is born as an answer to the meaningful learning difficulties and academic performance in Spatial and Flat Geometry course on second year Design School at Universidad de las Americas University, Santiago de Chile. The problem is faced from the potentiality that digital environment gives us in representation, display options, shape and projection testing, analysis and non visual accounts to teach flat and spatial geometry within the receptors' codes and coherent with designer's own language.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	avocaad_2003_17
id	avocaad_2003_17
authors	Anna Maria Chrabin, Jaroslaw Szewczyk and Herman Neuckermans
year	2003
title	A Critical Evaluation of Early Stages Software in its Capacity of Coping with Contextual Issues
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	In this paper we analyse critically early design stages software in its capacity of coping with contextual data at large (i.e. representing cultural, aesthetical context, etc.). We identified 5 categories of early stages software: geometry based graphic editors, evaluation architectural software, generative and shape-grammar based systems, evolutionary systems and other systems. Calling the object under creation during of the early stages a CAD conceptual model, we will investigate to what extend this software allows the architect to experience and represent the context in which a design is situated. Especially we will focus on its capacity to allow interaction, playful interaction on our way to the design. Designers, and particularly architects, interact with the local context similarly to interacting in a game: the context influences the users’ decisions, surprises them and causes permanent changes to their ways of thinking. On the other hand, architects permanently shape and reshape the context, and reduce the context to a protean point of reference. Such behaviour characterises creative thinking that is crucial for the early stage of design. The investigation led us to the conclusions that the effective interactivity with the context needs simple rules, a plain interface and data reduced as simple as possible, especially when interaction with the context is performed during the early stages of a design process. The findings can be used in organising computer environments for early-stage design.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	sigradi2008_049
id	sigradi2008_049
authors	Benamy, Turkienicz ; Beck Mateus, Mayer Rosirene
year	2008
title	Computing And Manipulation In Design - A Pedagogical Experience Using Symmetry
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The concept of symmetry has been usually restricted to bilateral symmetry, though in an extended sense it refers to any isometric transformation that maintains a certain shape invariant. Groups of operations such as translation, rotation, reflection and combinations of these originate patterns classified by modern mathematics as point groups, friezes and wallpapers (March and Steadman, 1974). This extended notion represents a tool for the recognition and reproduction of patterns, a primal aspect of the perception, comprehension and description of everything that we see. Another aspect of this process is the perception of shapes, primary and emergent. Primary shapes are the ones explicitly represented and emergent shapes are the ones implicit in the others (Gero and Yan, 1994). Some groups of shapes known as Semantic Shapes are especially meaningful in architecture, expressing visual features so as symmetry, rhythm, movement and balance. The extended understanding of the concept of symmetry might improve the development of cognitive abilities concerning the creation, recognition and meaning of forms and shapes, aspects of visual reasoning involved in the design process. This paper discusses the development of a pedagogical experience concerned with the application of the concept of symmetry in the creative generation of forms using computational tools and manipulation. The experience has been carried out since 1995 with 3rd year architectural design students. For the exploration of compositions based on symmetry operations with computational support we followed a method developed by Celani (2003) comprising the automatic generation and update of symmetry patterns using AutoCAD. The exercises with computational support were combined with other different exercises in each semester. The first approach combined the creation of two-dimensional patterns to their application and to their modeling into three-dimensions. The second approach combined the work with computational support with work with physical models and mirrors and the analysis of the created patterns. And the third approach combined the computational tasks with work with two-dimensional physical shapes and mirrors. The student’s work was analyzed under aspects such as Discretion/ Continuity –the creation of isolated groups of shapes or continuous overlapped patterns; Generation of Meta-Shapes –the emergence of new shapes from the geometrical relation between the generative shape and the structure of the symmetrical arrangement; Modes of Representation –the visual aspects of the generative shape such as color and shading; Visual Reasoning –the derivation of 3D compositions from 2D patterns by their progressive analysis and recognition; Conscious Interaction –the simultaneous creation and analysis of symmetry compositions, whether with computational support or with physical shapes and mirrors. The combined work with computational support and with physical models and mirrors enhanced the students understanding on the extended concept of symmetry. The conscious creation and analysis of the patterns also stimulated the student’s understanding over the different semantic possibilities involved in the exploration of forms and shapes in two or three dimensions. The method allowed the development of both syntactic and semantic aspects of visual reasoning, enhancing the students’ visual repertoire. This constitutes an important strategy in the building of the cognitive abilities used in the architectural design process.
keywords	Symmetry, Cognition, Computing, Visual reasoning, Design teaching
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
authors	Bremer, S. and Sander, H.
year	2004
title	View from the Road: Environmental Simulation for the Fractal City of Rhine Ruhr
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 43-47
summary	Highway seems to be more an issue of traffic planning than of urban design. But the highway can be a very important factor for the modern city pattern. Highways shape the spatial form of the fractal city. The modern highway can define new cores outside and “interior edges” within the city. Seen as a planning tool, highways are the great neglected opportunity in city and regional design. The 1st Architecture Biennial, 1ab, taking place from May 2003 to July 2003 in Rotterdam, explores the creative potentials of modern highways worldwide. An international research team discovered the spatial functions of highways in modern agglomerations. This lecture will give an overview of the results of the worldwide analyses and the design projects that had been undertaken. Both authors are members of the German research team. The German team examined the A 42 running through the Ruhrgebiet, a former coal and steal area in western Germany. The Ruhr Area is converting from an industrially orientated region to an agglomeration of high technology and science. But the regional image remains the same due to the fact that the changes cannot be seen, neither physically, nor from the road. Here, the highway could be used as a catalyst supporting and structuring the spatial changes to make them more legible for the people of Rhine-Ruhr. The nature becomes the most important tool of highway design. Landscape forms a linkage between the different cities of the region. Together with the A 40 and other local highways the region becomes the most important (and largest) public space of the new Rhine-Ruhr. The highway seen as a work of urban art can be designed only from the perspective of the driving car.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	caadria2003_b5-2
id	caadria2003_b5-2
authors	Caldas, Luisa G.
year	2003
title	Shape Generation Using Pareto Genetic Algorithms Integrating Conflicting Design Objectives in Low-Energy Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.681
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 681-694
summary	The Generative Design System [GDS] presented in this paper was developed to assist designers in researching low-energy architecture solutions. The GDS has the capability to evolve architectural forms that are energy-efficient, while complying to design intentions expressed by the architect, and responding to conflicting objectives. To achieve this evolutionary development, the system integrates a search and optimization method [Genetic Algorithm], a building energy simulation software [DOE2.1E], and Pareto multicriteria optimization techniques. The GDS adaptively generates populations of alternative solutions, from an initial schematic layout and a set of rules and constraints designed by the architect to encode design intentions. The two conflicting objective functions considered in this paper are maximizing daylighting use, and minimizing energy consumption for conditioning the building. The GDS generated an uniformly sampled, continuous Pareto front, from which six points were visualized in terms of the proposed architectural solutions.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac20031402
id	ijac20031402
authors	Caldas, Luisa G.; Norford, Leslie K.
year	2003
title	Shape Generation Using Pareto Genetic Algorithms: Integrating Conflicting Design Objectives in Low-Energy Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 4
summary	The Generative Design System [GDS] presented in this paper was developed to assist designers in researching low-energy architecture solutions. The GDS has the capability to evolve architectural forms that are energy-efficient, while complying to design intentions expressed by the architect and responding to conflicting objectives. To achieve this evolutionary development, the system integrates a search and optimization method [Genetic Algorithm], building energy simulation software [DOE2.1E], and Pareto multicriteria optimization techniques. The GDS adaptively generates populations of alternative solutions, from an initial schematic layout and a set of rules and constraints designed by the architect to encode design intentions. The two conflicting objective functions considered in this paper are maximizing daylighting use and minimizing energy consumption for conditioning the building. The GDS generated an uniformly sampled, continuous Pareto front, from which six points were visualized in terms of the proposed architectural solutions.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	caadria2003_a4-3
id	caadria2003_a4-3
authors	Chang, Yu-Li
year	2003
title	Dual Interface Between Physical and Digital Cities Cyberspatial Cognitive Approach to Thread Digital City In Physical City
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.523
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 523-538
summary	Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to explore the structure of the new style spatiality as cyberspace. By exploring the factors of human spatial cognition in physical space to interpret that human how to image and percept the spatial form of digital cities by the spatial experience in physical space, to construct the dual interface of spatial cognition of interaction between digital cities and physical cities.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2003_a5-4
id	caadria2003_a5-4
authors	Chang, Yu-Li
year	2003
title	The Prototype of Digital Cities On Line A Cognition-Oriented Approach for Spatially Metaphorical Model
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.651
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 651-662
summary	The cyberspace upon physical space forms a new spatial structure to increase the influence on the urban fabric and the concept of space in architecture. Today, digital cities are being developed all over the world. By using a city metaphor, digital cities integrate urban information and create public spaces. However, human how to entry into the new emerging digital cities, to percept themselves in around cities, and then taking shape the recognition of digital city forms? How do digital cities directly connect to physical cities and become an imaginable city? Therefore, we argue that a new spatial analysis theory must be established for digital city, comparing with theories of spatial cognition, to find the explicitly spatial structures and relations in digital city upon physical city. This paper studied by the viewpoint of cognition in order to propose a prototype of metaphor of digital city.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade03_465_118_chase
id	ecaade03_465_118_chase
authors	Chase, Scott C.
year	2003
title	Revisiting the use of generative design tools in the early stages of design education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.465
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 465-472
summary	Computer based generative design tools can help elucidate the nature of design, but are often restricted in their scope due to implementation issues. These ‘toy’ applications are often developed as proof of concept software, but have the potential to serve as teaching aids in early design education. A number of such tools will be described and the case made for their continued use in design education.
keywords	Generative design tools, design education, computer programming, parametric variation, shape grammars
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://homepages.strath.ac.uk/~cas01101
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2003_116
id	sigradi2003_116
authors	Daz, Susana
year	2003
title	Miríadas de luz (Diversity of light)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	There is a point, a conjunction of situations: a newly found daub. Finding the shape, the exact spot, going into, imagining the unexplored vastness of something which expands itself...When a daub begins its race and I can see the colors blending, getting saturated or broken. When I see the succession of changes I become part of that space made of light. My eyes are the daub. Neither reasons nor topics inspire the moment. Only the pleasure of finding for a few minutes the magic of perceiving and having, apparently without reason, absolutely aware of our being.
keywords	Light, perception, innocence, space, being
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	ijac20031204
id	ijac20031204
authors	de Vries, Bauke; Achten, Henri; Orzechowski, Maciej; Tan, Amy; Segers, Nicole; Tabak, Vincent; Jessurun, Joran; Coomans, Marc
year	2003
title	The Tangible Interface: Experiments as an Integral Part of a Research Strategy
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 2
summary	The Human-Computer interface is crucial to good design support tools. It has to be non-interruptive and non-distracting, yet allow the architect to interact with the computer software. The physical reality of the interface, such as the shape and manipulability of devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, or data-glove, has to be mapped on actions and commands in the software. Already the current user interfaces are felt to be inadequate for a good support of design, and the functionality of design tools is growing, requiring even more and new physical interface devices. In this paper, we present research on new tangible interfaces for architectural design support. In particular, we focus on the research methodological question how to investigate such devices.The research strategy is introduced and discussed, after which concrete implementations of this strategy are shown. Based on this work, we conclude that the combination of interface and the context of its use in terms of design method and user needs form crucial aspects for such research and cannot be considered separately.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	acadia11_272
id	acadia11_272
authors	Dimcic, Milos; Knippers, Jan
year	2011
title	Free-form Grid Shell Design Based on Genetic Algorithms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.272
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 272-277
summary	In the 21st century, as free-form design grows in popularity, grid shells are becoming a universal structural solution, enabling the conflation of structure and skin (façade) into one single element (Kolarevic 2003). This paper presents some of the results of a comprehensive research project focused on the automated design and optimization of grid structures over some predefined free form shape, with the goal of generating a stable and statically efficient structure. It shows that by combining design and FEM software in an iterative, Genetic Algorithms-based optimization process, stress and deformation in grid shell structures can be significantly reduced, material can be saved and stability enhanced.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	archidna_thesis
id	archidna_thesis
authors	Doo Young Kwon
year	2003
title	ARCHIDNA: A GENREATIVE SYSTEM FOR SHAPE CONFIGURATONS
source	University of Washington, Design Machine Group
summary	his thesis concerns a new generation process for shape configurations using a set of operations. The approach derives from analyzing a particular design style and programming them into a computer. It discusses how generative CAD software can be developed that embodies a style and how this software can serve in the architectural design process as a computational design tool. The thesis proposes a prototype software system, ArchiDNA, to demonstrate the use of operations to generate drawings in a specific design style. ArchiDNA employs a set of operations to produce design drawings of shape configuration in Peter Eisenman's style for the Biocentrum building plan in Frankfurt, Germany. The principles of form generation are defined as a set of operations. ArchiDNA generates 2D and 3D drawings similar to Eisenmans plan and model for the Biocentrum building. The extension system of ArchiDNA, called ArchiDNA++, supports designers in defining operations and generating shape configurations. Designers can enter and edit their own shapes for the generation process and also control the parameters and attributes for shape operations. Thus, designers can manage the generation process and explore using ArchiDNA++, to generate shape configurations that are consistent with their own drawing style.
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2004/06/02 19:40

_id	acadia03_036
id	acadia03_036
authors	Gerzso, J. Michael
year	2003
title	On the Limitations of Shape Grammars: Comments on Aaron Fleisher’s Article “Grammatical Architecture?”
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.279
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 279-287
summary	Shape grammars were introduced by Gips and Stiny in 1972. Since then, there have been many articles and books written by them and their associates. In 1992, Aaron Fleisher, a professor at the School of Planning, MIT, wrote a critique of their work in an article titled “Grammatical Architecture?” published in the journal Environment and Planning B. According to him, Gips, Stiny and later Mitchell, propose a hypothesis that states that shape grammars are presumed to represent knowledge of architectural form, that grammars are “formable,” and that there is a visual correspondence to verbal grammar. The strong version of “the hypothesis requires that an architectural form be equivalent to a grammar.” Fleisher considers these hypotheses unsustainable, and argues his case by analyzing the differences between language, and architecture, and by dealing with the concepts of lexicons, syntax and semantics. He concludes by stating that architectural design is negotiated in two modalities: the verbal and the visual, and that equivalences are not at issue; they do not exist. If there is such thing as a language for design, it would provide the means to maintain a discussion of the consequences in one mode, of the state and conditions of the other. Fleisher’s observations serve as the basis of this paper, a tribute to him, and also an opportunity to present an outline to an alternate approach or hypothesis to shape grammars, which is “nonlinguistic” but “generative,” in the sense that it uses production rules. A basic aspect of this hypothesis is that the only similarity between syntactic rules in language and some rules in architecture is that they are recursive.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	ecaade03_161_192_grunau
id	ecaade03_161_192_grunau
authors	Grunau, Jens-Peter
year	2003
title	A different approach to planning and design - Combining a planning theory in architectual design with elearning.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.161
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 161-164
summary	We have developed a rather uncommon way of understanding and teaching architectual design and the use of computers in this process: Our idea consists in defining the design process not only as finding a nice shape for an object like a building or a new car. We see designing and planning as the ""art"" of solving complex problems. This implies, that the design process is not the mere use of methods or tools to solve a given problem, but the process of understanding the roots of the problem and finding a suitable and often alternative and unusual solution. The way we teach this process is enhanced by the use of computers and webbased applications. In this paper we will describe the key elements of the planning and design theory used as well as the methods for teaching these ideas to graduate students. Lastly, we point out the experience that came from the practical implementation.
keywords	Approach to Planning and Design, e-learning, course-design, educational design, computer supported collaborative work
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.igp.uni-stuttgart.de
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2003_b1-1
id	caadria2003_b1-1
authors	Gu, Ning and Maher, Mary Lou
year	2003
title	A Grammar for The Dynamic Design of Virtual Architecture Using Rational Agents
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.071
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 71-84
summary	Virtual Architecture is a virtual place that uses the metaphor of architecture and provides an online environment for various human activities. While Virtual Architecture inherits many of the characteristics of physical architecture, it is possible to reconsider the virtual in terms of flexibility and autonomy. This paper presents a Usercentred Virtual Architecture (UcVA) Agent, a kind of rational agent capable of representing a person in virtual worlds and designing virtual worlds based on current needs. The UcVA agent model has a design component that uses the shape grammar formalism. This model and a sample grammar are demonstrated for a meeting room scenario.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac20031404
id	ijac20031404
authors	Gu, Ning; Maher, Mary Lou
year	2003
title	A Grammar for the Dynamic Design of Virtual Architecture Using Rational Agents
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 4
summary	Virtual Architecture is a virtual place that uses the metaphor of architecture and provides an online environment for various human activities. While Virtual Architecture inherits many of the characteristics of physical architecture, it is possible to reconsider the virtual in terms of flexibility and autonomy. This paper presents a User-centred Virtual Architecture (UcVA) Agent; a kind of rational agent capable of representing a person in virtual worlds and designing virtual worlds based on current needs. The UcVA agent model has a design component that uses the shape grammar formalism. This model and a sample grammar are demonstrated for a meeting room scenario.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	acadia03_023
id	acadia03_023
authors	Ibrahim, Magdy and Krawczyk, Robert
year	2003
title	The Level of Knowledge of CAD Objects within the Building Information Model
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.173
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 173-177
summary	The first generation of CAD software depended on entity objects that were manipulated and interpreted by the user as meaningful graphics symbols. These entities only represented the geometrical properties of the architectural elements. With the present emerging generation of CAD systems, a new concept shifts a drawing-based model into a Building Information Model with the potential of modeling true architectural objects. Theoretically, these CAD objects will provide all related data to the designer describing the geometry, as well as any related data associated with how the object is actually used. The knowledge required to support an object should have structure to it. Different levels of knowledge need to be included, such as the geometrical information, which should be flexible enough to accommodate any type of shape and modification while keeping the object’s integrity as a unit and maintaining its relations to other objects. The CAD object concept, as remarkable as it is, might also have potential problems. It has some implications over the design process, as well as the architectural profession itself.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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