Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	mourshedp503final
id	mourshedp503final
authors	Monjur M Mourshed, Denis Kelliher, Marcus Keane
year	2003
title	ArDOT: A tool to optimise environmental design of buildings
source	Building Simulation 2003 (Eighth IBPSA Conference). Eindhoven, Netherlands
summary	Environmental design of buildings involves ‘finding the optimum’ solution satisfying predefined objective(s) (e.g., reduction in operating/capital cost, maximisation of daylighting etc.). A number of computer based simulation models exist to assist professionals in finding this optimum through building performance assessment. Contemporary practices involving building simulation require enormous effort to prepare input, extract output, and visualize data, which restricts designers from realizing the full potentials offered. In most cases, rules of thumb are applied and experienced guesses are made; simulation software is used only to validate the assumptions, which do not necessarily lead to the intended optimum. Moreover, these tools have been developed as simulation engines, which is inadequate to visualize the compounded and interdependent effect of a large number of design variables. The authors believe that to realize the potential offered by building simulation software, a new breed of DBSs (Decision Based Systems) is needed coupling existing simulation engines with formal optimisation methods through neutral data standards (BPM – building product models) for seamless integration. This paper first elaborates on the previous attempts at solving integration issues related to the design process and simulation; also attempts at finding the limitations. Secondly, formulation of design problems as optimisation has been discussed with reference to the different stages of design. Thirdly, for effective integration of activities among stakeholders and processes, the use of client/ server oriented building product model has been proposed to overcome the limitations of file-based prototypes. Analysis and discussions based on the above aspects form as justification for ArDOT, an Architectural Design Optimisation Tool under development at IRUSE, National University of Ireland, Cork. Combining all three aspects into one makes ArDOT unique, which is essentially an enhanced decision making tool for the design of energy efficient buildings.
keywords	ArDOT, Architectural Design Optimisation, Building Energy Simulation, EnergyPlus
series	other
email
last changed	2003/08/27 11:57

_id	ecaade03_561_150_martens
id	ecaade03_561_150_martens
authors	Martens, Yuri and Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2003
title	Realestate online information systems
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 561-567
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.561
summary	Several commercial real-estate sites provide listings of available commercial property on the Internet. These listings are generated on the basis of selection criteria as floor area, price and location. Despite the obvious utility of the listings and their promise for the transaction process and market transparency, one third of commercial realestate listing sites went bankrupt in 2001 and 2002. To provide an explanation for the failure, 63 commercial real-estate sites were analysed and classified into three basic business models: the Research / Information model, the Marketing model and the Transaction model. A common success factor for all models is the functionality of the site, especially interaction between the user and the available information. The paper proposes that the transfer of existing architectural representations, information-processing instruments and decision-taking tools is an essential component of future development towards integrated services that accompany a building throughout its lifecycle. This transfer amounts to (1) the addition of building and contextual information from standard documentation and online information services, (2) the derivation and coherent description of programmatic requirements database, and (3) advanced user interaction with building information.
keywords	e-commerce, human-computer interaction, building information systems,web-based communication
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.re-h.nl
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia03_031
id	acadia03_031
authors	Paolo Fiamma
year	2003
title	Architectural Design and Digital Paradigm: from Renaissance Models to Digital Architecture
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 247-253
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.247
summary	Means of expression have always affected our ways of thinking. Designers, who have to interpret signs, languages, and evolution in order to translate into an organised “form” the recurring problems and values of mankind, have left thoughts, projects and wishes to the study of representational techniques. In this way, they have also disclosed a unique view of reality and at the same time a “way of being” towards the meaning of design itself. In the relationship between architecture and representational techniques, Brunelleschi said that “perspicere” was no longer just the science of optics, but also the science that contained the lines of research on geometry and shape that he was the first to exploit in design. Centuries later, in the axonometric representation advocated by De Stijl and intended for factories and industries, the object, shown in all its parts, easy to reconstruct even in the space to which it referred, revealed with extreme clarity the mass-production building and assembly materials and systems. Digital representational media make a great entrance in the heuristic process, invalidate all signs, and promote its quality. The result is an ever-changing, computerised architecture, dominated by curvilinear, wavy shapes that flow from a generative process made of the deformations, additions, and interference of different volumes.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaade03_025_202_kieferle
id	ecaade03_025_202_kieferle
authors	Drosdol, J., Kieferle, J. and Wössner, U.
year	2003
title	The Integration of Virtual Reality (VR) into the Architectural Workflow - Experiences with an interprofessional project at DaimlerChrysler
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 25-28
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.025
summary	DaimlerChrysler as a worldwide operating company is continuously maintaining and developing their brand architecture for the points of sale. It is one of the strategic decisions to have a 'Brand Architecture Center' at the company headquarters in Stuttgart to develop the brand architecture and engage local architects to adopt it to the local context. As a major step, a new generation of autohauses is currently developed. Many aspects have to be taken care of in this process, therefore a great number of specialists have to be involved. They are supported by Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). To integrate VR/AR into the architectural process, necessary architectural interactions have been integrated into the software
keywords	Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Architectural workflow, Visualization,Simulation
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.architektur.fh-wiesbaden.de
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cf2003_m_097
id	cf2003_m_097
authors	FRÖST, Peter
year	2003
title	A Real Time 3D Environment for Collaborative Design
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 203-212
summary	By setting up collaborative design processes in architecture it is possible to considerably improve the integration of customer needs and ideas into the programming phase of a building project. Our design process includes active collaboration between customers, users and other stakeholders as well as the use of virtual environments in conceptual design. The output from the process is treated as visualised input to the architectural programming. The work presented focuses on developing digital tools to support this collaborative design dialogue. We have developed an extremely “easy to use” digital modelling tool called “ForeSite Designer”. The tool enables the users to build layouts of prefabricated components on a building site in 2D. This 2D layout can then instantly be exported to a lit-up real time 3D environment in the computer game “Half-Life.” ForeSite Designer has been used in a several design events with different settings. This paper presents the tool and one project where it was utilized. The results show that ForeSite Designer can promote dialogue and collaborative design work among the participants. We have also found that it is important how the virtual environment and its components are visually designed in order to support the dialogue and collaborative design work.
keywords	collaboration, customer, real time, virtual environment
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	1f6d
authors	Mourshed, M. M., Kelliher, D., Keane, M.
year	2003
title	Integrating building energy simulation in the design process
source	IBPSA News, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 21-26.
summary	To significantly increase building energy performance, the use of building simulation software at the earliest has been emphasized. Inherent complexity in data representation, I/O (Input and Output) and Visualization of available software requires specialist knowledge to leverage the potentials offered. Early stages of design are characterized by unstructured and incomplete data which is insufficient as inputs to software based on detailed representations of the systems in the building. Existing simulation software, developed in research organizations are targeted to be used by building services engineers at detailed stages and does not suit the purposes of design community. This article attempts at identifying the reasons behind unpopularity of simulation software in the early stages of design and also argues that a new breed of decision support systems is needed for energy efficient building design.
keywords	ArDOT; Energy Simulation; Integration; Environmental Design; Design Process
series	other
email
last changed	2003/05/27 17:19

_id	cf2011_p163
id	cf2011_p163
authors	Park, Hyoung-June
year	2011
title	Mass-Customization in the Design of 4,000 Bus Stops
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 265-278.
summary	In Hawaii, ‚"TheBus‚" has been a main transportation system since 1971. Considering the high cost of living in Hawaii and the absence of a rail system, the use of ‚"TheBus‚" has been an instrumental vein of the city life in Honolulu with rhythmical pauses at about 4,000 bus stops in Honolulu. However, existing undifferentiated bus stops are developed from a cost effective mass production system so that they have been problematic for satisfying specific needs from various site conditions. In this research, an integrated computational method of mass-customization for designing 4,000 bus stops is introduced. According to various site conditions, the design of each bus stop is customized. Unlike the mass‚Äêproduced bus stops commonly seen in cities today, the proposed computational method in this paper produces bus stop design outcomes that fit into the physical characteristics of the location in which they are installed. Mass-customization allows for the creation and production of unique or similar buildings and building components, differentiated through digitally‚Äêcontrolled variation (Kolarevic, 2003). The employment of a computational mass‚Äêcustomization in architectural design extends the boundary of design solutions to the satisfaction of multi-objective requirements and unlimited freedom to search alternative solutions (Duarte, 2001; Caldas, 2006). The computational method developed in this paper consists of 1) definition of a prototype, 2) parametric variation, 3) manual deformation, and 4) simulation based deformation. The definition of a prototype is the development of a basic design to be transformed for satisfying various conditions given from a site. In this paper, the bus stop prototype is developed from the analysis of more than 300 bus stops and the categorization of the existing bus stops according to their physical conditions, contextual conditions, climatic conditions, and existing amenities. Based upon the outcome of the analysis, the design variables of a bus stop prototype are defined. Those design variables then guide the basic physical parameters for changing the physical configuration of the prototype according to a given site. From this, many possible design outcomes are generated as instances for further developments. The process of manual deformation is where the designer employs its intuition to develop the selected parametric variation. The designer is compelled to think about the possible implication derived from formal variation. This optional process allows every design decision to have a creative solution from an individual designer with an incidental quality in aesthetics, but substantiated functional quality. Finally the deformation of the selection is guided and controlled by the influence of sun direction/ exposure to the selection. The simulation based deformation starts with the movement of the sun as the trigger for generating the variations of the bus stop prototype. The implementation of the computational method was made within the combination of MEL (Maya Enbedded Language), autodesk MAYA and Ecotect environment.
keywords	mass-customization, parametric variation, simulation based deformation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	64c0
id	64c0
authors	Pektas, S T
year	2003
title	A FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS MODELING WITH PARAMETER-BASED DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRICES
source	In C. J. Anumba (Ed.), Innovative Developments in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction. (pp. 25-31). Rotterdam: MillPress
summary	Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry is one of the multidisciplinary domains in which collaboration among related parties is utmost important. While the knowledge needed for building processes are distributed among the different participants from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the product of their activities, i.e. the building itself, must be highly integrated. Despite the intense flow of information between design professionals, there is a lack of research to better understand and manipulate these flows. Furthermore, most of the current process modeling tools in the AEC industry do not enable analyses of iteration in the process and they represent the process at high levels with very little information at lower levels. In order to resolve the issues mentioned above, this paper introduces the use of parameter-based dependency structure matrix as a process modeling and system analysis tool for building design. The method reveals insights into the process structure, optimum sequence of parameter decisions, iterative cycles and concurrency in the process. A knowledge management framework for parameter-based DSM applications is proposed and the application of the framework is demonstrated through a real life building design problem.
keywords	Design Integration, Design Process Modeling, Information Flow, and Parameter-based Dependency Structure Matrix
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/12/01 15:52

_id	ecaade03_407_19_sterk
id	ecaade03_407_19_sterk
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2003
title	Building Upon Negroponte: A Hybridized Model of Control Suitable for Responsive Architecture
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 407-414
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.407
summary	Responsive architecture is commonly defined as a type of architecture that has the ability to alter its form in response to changing conditions. While this description is successful in capturing the gist of the topic, it does not provide us with the more detailed understandings required to build it. The knowledge required to build a truly responsive form of architecture is substantial, an understanding of architecture, robotics, artificial intelligence and structural engineering are all beneficial. The links that are required between each knowledge base to actuate and control the responses of this type of architecture further complicate matters – suggesting potential reasons for the ambivalence of architects towards deeply exploring to the topic or extending it beyond the aesthetic application of an event-based architecture. This paper will build a model of responsive architecture that explains one possible approach to the topic, emphasizing ways to build it and control it in the process.
keywords	Controlling responsive architecture, Controlling networks of response buildings
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2003_a6-2
id	caadria2003_a6-2
authors	Embi, M. Hamid, M. and Rafi, A.
year	2003
title	Learning Basic Principles of Fire Regulations An Experimental Teaching and Learning Tool
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 771-786
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.771
summary	The study on integrating fire regulations into the design process is described through several study and analysis. However not all of them address the real issue of which fire regulation are difficult to be considered at the early stage of the design process. There are few factors on which fire regulation was not being considered at the early stage of the design. Two strong factors are the complexity of the regulations and the lack of knowledge among architects about fire regulations. Therefore fire requirements are always considered towards the end of the design process. This paper intends to address about the issue of difficulties in fire regulations and how we think these can be solve. We also design a system that can be used either by students or architects to understand the principles of the regulations and its applications in the design process. Finally a prototype system is demonstrated on how we envisage the system that can be used to help architects integrate fire regulations at the early stage of design process.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	avocaad_2003_04
id	avocaad_2003_04
authors	Rob van Helvoort
year	2003
title	Mecano - when CAAD meets ICT
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	For some years ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has been worldwide a hot topic and, especially in the European academic environment, a very fashionable word. No matter where the road would lead to, almost any ICT related project was welcomed as the next step towards a brand new and even better system of education. In the meantime CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) plays a role of utmost importance during a range of stages in the design process or building project.In this situation a research project is set up to develop an educational environment where CAAD meets ICT. The first application was turned down as the proposed (ICT) technology wasn’t available, according to committee judging. After proving them wrong, the second application was more successful. Even though the project was set up for local values, education in CAAD and related topics in Belgium, it was situated in a networked (internet) world.After running the project for a period of two years a list of pros and cons can be made up. Moreover, both local and on a global scale, ideas have changed.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	caadria2003_b3-1
id	caadria2003_b3-1
authors	Stipech, Alfredo and Morahan, Thomas
year	2003
title	Digital Media Its Incorporation into the Education of Architects and Graphic Designers
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 397-410
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.397
summary	Here we introduce a pedagogic experience in the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. It has begun about ten years ago, with the first intents of incorporating the computer into the design and teaching process , until current days with the setting of a Class for Introduction to Digital Media (IMD), as an obligatory subject in the first course of careers such as Architecture and Urbanism (AU) and Graphic Design of Visual Communication (DGCV). The introduction of "Computing Science" in this university resembled the process of other Universities (Pentill‰ Hannu, 2001), Today we can see that this was not adjusted to the necessities of these professions neither in the educational process nor in the professional production. In our case we will address particular experiences that enabled us to evolve in a pedagogic model towards the concept of Digital Media (DM) that we currently practice.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2003_c2-4
id	caadria2003_c2-4
authors	Al-Sallal, Khaled A.
year	2003
title	Integrating Energy Design Into Caad Tools: Theoretical Limits and Potentials
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 323-340
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.323
summary	The study is part of a research aims to establish theoretical grounds essential for the development of user efficient design tools for energy-conscious architectural design, based on theories in human factors of intelligent interfaces, problem solving, and architectural design. It starts by reviewing the shortcomings of the current energy design tools, from both architectural design and human factor points of view. It discusses the issues of energy integration with design from three different points of view: architectural, problem-solving, and human factors. It evaluates theoretically the potentials and limitations of the current approaches and technologies in artificial intelligence toward achieving the notion "integrating energy design knowledge into the design process" in practice and education based on research in the area of problem solving and human factors and usability concerns. The study considers the user interface model that is based on the cognitive approach and can be implemented by the hierarchical structure and the object-oriented model, as a promising direction for future development. That is because this model regards the user as the center of the design tool. However, there are still limitations that require extensive research in both theoretical and implementation directions. At the end, the study concludes by discussing the important points for future research.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2008_049
id	sigradi2008_049
authors	Benamy, Turkienicz ; Beck Mateus, Mayer Rosirene
year	2008
title	Computing And Manipulation In Design - A Pedagogical Experience Using Symmetry
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The concept of symmetry has been usually restricted to bilateral symmetry, though in an extended sense it refers to any isometric transformation that maintains a certain shape invariant. Groups of operations such as translation, rotation, reflection and combinations of these originate patterns classified by modern mathematics as point groups, friezes and wallpapers (March and Steadman, 1974). This extended notion represents a tool for the recognition and reproduction of patterns, a primal aspect of the perception, comprehension and description of everything that we see. Another aspect of this process is the perception of shapes, primary and emergent. Primary shapes are the ones explicitly represented and emergent shapes are the ones implicit in the others (Gero and Yan, 1994). Some groups of shapes known as Semantic Shapes are especially meaningful in architecture, expressing visual features so as symmetry, rhythm, movement and balance. The extended understanding of the concept of symmetry might improve the development of cognitive abilities concerning the creation, recognition and meaning of forms and shapes, aspects of visual reasoning involved in the design process. This paper discusses the development of a pedagogical experience concerned with the application of the concept of symmetry in the creative generation of forms using computational tools and manipulation. The experience has been carried out since 1995 with 3rd year architectural design students. For the exploration of compositions based on symmetry operations with computational support we followed a method developed by Celani (2003) comprising the automatic generation and update of symmetry patterns using AutoCAD. The exercises with computational support were combined with other different exercises in each semester. The first approach combined the creation of two-dimensional patterns to their application and to their modeling into three-dimensions. The second approach combined the work with computational support with work with physical models and mirrors and the analysis of the created patterns. And the third approach combined the computational tasks with work with two-dimensional physical shapes and mirrors. The student’s work was analyzed under aspects such as Discretion/ Continuity –the creation of isolated groups of shapes or continuous overlapped patterns; Generation of Meta-Shapes –the emergence of new shapes from the geometrical relation between the generative shape and the structure of the symmetrical arrangement; Modes of Representation –the visual aspects of the generative shape such as color and shading; Visual Reasoning –the derivation of 3D compositions from 2D patterns by their progressive analysis and recognition; Conscious Interaction –the simultaneous creation and analysis of symmetry compositions, whether with computational support or with physical shapes and mirrors. The combined work with computational support and with physical models and mirrors enhanced the students understanding on the extended concept of symmetry. The conscious creation and analysis of the patterns also stimulated the student’s understanding over the different semantic possibilities involved in the exploration of forms and shapes in two or three dimensions. The method allowed the development of both syntactic and semantic aspects of visual reasoning, enhancing the students’ visual repertoire. This constitutes an important strategy in the building of the cognitive abilities used in the architectural design process.
keywords	Symmetry, Cognition, Computing, Visual reasoning, Design teaching
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2003_m_016
id	cf2003_m_016
authors	CHEN, Hong-Sheng and LIN, Feng-Tyan
year	2003
title	A Simulation Study on Public Building's Staircase Fault Tolerance
source	Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 393-402
summary	This paper applies the concept of fault tolerance to staircase layout plan. Fire or smoke may cause some staircases in a building inaccessible. We argue that architects should assess the result from the possible fault of vertical routes. The capability of tolerating staircase faults depends on space usage, arrangement, and pedestrian attributes. In this study, a mathematical model is constructed. For analysing pedestrian's movement in interior space, we employ Monte Carol simulation and Agent-Based Modelling method in a CAAD environment. It helps us to visualise the dynamic process of agent's evacuation process, and to test the problem of possible staircase faults. Finally, a case study brings some important discoveries.
keywords	agents, fault tolerance, simulation
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	2003/09/22 12:21

_id	ecaade03_659_166_hungming
id	ecaade03_659_166_hungming
authors	Cheng, Hung-Ming
year	2003
title	A digital modeling with reasoning system in early phase of design
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 659-664
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.659
summary	This study describes statue in the early phase of design, the approach taken by its conceptual development and manipulation. And on the developing digital tools provide a computational support for the process of indexing and retrieving. The digital modeling also addresses specifically architectural programming, adjacent relationship between the building element and articulation in designing. The overall in building mass development starting with reasoning of the conceptual model in early phase try to find evocative cases to help designer thinking. And finally discuss some issues and challenges of artificial intelligent. The research for representing designer’s creativity and searching solution provide another way to generate an articulating conceptual model. The integration approach of research starts with the pure case-based and rule-based reasoning system to help designer generate more understandable and creative product in the architectural design application.
keywords	Case-based reasoning, conceptual model, computer aided design, buildingmass development, design process
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia11_272
id	acadia11_272
authors	Dimcic, Milos; Knippers, Jan
year	2011
title	Free-form Grid Shell Design Based on Genetic Algorithms
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 272-277
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.272
summary	In the 21st century, as free-form design grows in popularity, grid shells are becoming a universal structural solution, enabling the conflation of structure and skin (façade) into one single element (Kolarevic 2003). This paper presents some of the results of a comprehensive research project focused on the automated design and optimization of grid structures over some predefined free form shape, with the goal of generating a stable and statically efficient structure. It shows that by combining design and FEM software in an iterative, Genetic Algorithms-based optimization process, stress and deformation in grid shell structures can be significantly reduced, material can be saved and stability enhanced.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	archidna_thesis
id	archidna_thesis
authors	Doo Young Kwon
year	2003
title	ARCHIDNA: A GENREATIVE SYSTEM FOR SHAPE CONFIGURATONS
source	University of Washington, Design Machine Group
summary	his thesis concerns a new generation process for shape configurations using a set of operations. The approach derives from analyzing a particular design style and programming them into a computer. It discusses how generative CAD software can be developed that embodies a style and how this software can serve in the architectural design process as a computational design tool. The thesis proposes a prototype software system, ArchiDNA, to demonstrate the use of operations to generate drawings in a specific design style. ArchiDNA employs a set of operations to produce design drawings of shape configuration in Peter Eisenman's style for the Biocentrum building plan in Frankfurt, Germany. The principles of form generation are defined as a set of operations. ArchiDNA generates 2D and 3D drawings similar to Eisenmans plan and model for the Biocentrum building. The extension system of ArchiDNA, called ArchiDNA++, supports designers in defining operations and generating shape configurations. Designers can enter and edit their own shapes for the generation process and also control the parameters and attributes for shape operations. Thus, designers can manage the generation process and explore using ArchiDNA++, to generate shape configurations that are consistent with their own drawing style.
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2004/06/02 19:40

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