Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
id	eaea2003_11-bremer-sander
authors	Bremer, S. and Sander, H.
year	2004
title	View from the Road: Environmental Simulation for the Fractal City of Rhine Ruhr
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 43-47
summary	Highway seems to be more an issue of traffic planning than of urban design. But the highway can be a very important factor for the modern city pattern. Highways shape the spatial form of the fractal city. The modern highway can define new cores outside and “interior edges” within the city. Seen as a planning tool, highways are the great neglected opportunity in city and regional design. The 1st Architecture Biennial, 1ab, taking place from May 2003 to July 2003 in Rotterdam, explores the creative potentials of modern highways worldwide. An international research team discovered the spatial functions of highways in modern agglomerations. This lecture will give an overview of the results of the worldwide analyses and the design projects that had been undertaken. Both authors are members of the German research team. The German team examined the A 42 running through the Ruhrgebiet, a former coal and steal area in western Germany. The Ruhr Area is converting from an industrially orientated region to an agglomeration of high technology and science. But the regional image remains the same due to the fact that the changes cannot be seen, neither physically, nor from the road. Here, the highway could be used as a catalyst supporting and structuring the spatial changes to make them more legible for the people of Rhine-Ruhr. The nature becomes the most important tool of highway design. Landscape forms a linkage between the different cities of the region. Together with the A 40 and other local highways the region becomes the most important (and largest) public space of the new Rhine-Ruhr. The highway seen as a work of urban art can be designed only from the perspective of the driving car.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	f59d
authors	Koelbl, R., Bruntsch, St. and Knoflacher, H.
year	2003
title	Perspective Vienna – A Comparison of Planning Scenarios and Real Development
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	With the suspension of national boarders in unions of nations, cities and their regions gain in significance for the economic, social and cultural development. This is particularly valid for Vienna, which lies close to the eastern boarder of the European Union, which should fall with the enlargement of EU in the near future. Of prominent importance is therefore to obtain a comprehensive understanding between proposed and defined aims for an urban development, the related measures and their extent ofimplementations and their actual or real effects. This paper attempts to give a strategic analysis of the Viennese urban and traffic development programs, from 1962, 1972, 1984 and 1994, on the one hand, and the data analysis of the statistical year books beginning from 1960 until 2000, on the other. The results show that adjustments have been made not only in response to certain trends, but also to a change of philosophy of urban development. It can be seen that certain assumptions of, for example, economic and transport measures can have the opposite outcome in relation to the intended objectives. Hence, one main question remains to beanswered: How should Vienna deal with the challenges ahead, to secure and foster a sustainable development under such circumstances on a long-term basis. In this respect, some measures are given, which should make it possible to overcome successfully these challenges.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	7655
authors	Okeil, Ahmad and El Araby, Mostafa
year	2003
title	Realism vs. Reality in Digital Reconstruction of Cities
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	The digital reconstruction of existing cities using virtual reality techniques is being increasingly used. For consultants, municipalities and planning departments these models provide decision support through visual simulations (El Araby, 2001). For academia they provide a new tool for teaching students urban design and planning (Okeil, 2001). For authorities they provide a tool for promoting the city on the world wide web trying to attract more businesses and tourists to it. The built environment is very rich in detail. It does not only consist of open spaces surrounded by abstract buildings but it also includes many smaller objects such as street furniture, traffic signs, street lights, different types of vegetation and shop signs for example. All surfaces in the built environment have unique properties describing color, texture and opacity. The built environmentis dynamic and our perception is affected by factors such as pedestrian movement, traffic, environmental factors such as wind, noise and shadows. The built environment is also shaped by the accumulation of changes caused by many influences through time. All these factors make the reconstruction of the built environment a very complex task. This paper tries to answer the question: how realistic the reconstructed models of urban areas can be. It sees “Realism“ as a variable floating between three types of realties. The reality of the physical environment which we are trying to represent. The reality of the digital environment which will host the digitally reconstructed city. And the reality of the working environment which deals with the problem of limitation of resources needed to digitally reconstruct the city. A case study of building a 3D computer model of an urban area in the United Arab Emirates demonstrates that new time-saving techniques for data acquisition can enhance realism by meetingbudget limitations and time limitations.
keywords	Virtual Reality; Photo Realism; Texture Maps; 3D Modeling; Urban Design
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	1373
authors	Pfaffenbichler, Paul C. and Emberger, Günter
year	2003
title	Are European cities becoming similar?
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	The paper discusses city specific development patterns to overcome todays transport problems. The results are based on recent andongoing research activities at TUW-IVV and ITS. At previous CORP-conferences, we presented the basics and the development of aplanning support tool to find optimal policy packages in urban transport and land use (Emberger, 1998), (Pfaffenbichler, Emberger, 2001). The core of this planning support tool is a dynamic land use and transport interaction model. This model, which we refer to as Sketch Planning Model (SPM), is embedded into an appraisal and optimisation framework. The SPM and this framework were developed in the recently finished European Union funded research project PROSPECTS1. Case studies with this planning supporttool were performed within PROSPECTS for the cities Edinburgh, Helsinki, Madrid, Oslo, Stockholm and Vienna. These cities are principally comparable in regards of their status (capitals and major business and education centres), but different in their size, population density, transport system etc. A set of policy instruments like public transport improvements, car traffic restrictions, and infrastructure provision was available to formulate strategies to reduce negative impacts of transport and to increase welfare. The overall objective was a sustainable development of the city. Although the instruments and the goals are similar in all investigatedcites, different solutions were adequate. The solutions vary in regard of spatial implementation, implementation time and level of implementation. The paper will highlight some reasons for the different development paths of the cities. As well the comparison of the do nothing scenario as the comparison of the most feasible policy strategies shows that European cities are different, need different solutions for their problems and will stay different in the future.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	dc66
authors	Sitar, Metka
year	2003
title	New Communication Processes The Impacts of the Economy on Urban Issues in Slovenia areas
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	The time in which we live today is marked by quick economic, political, and social changes. We can also add the new development potential of European space, which is not formed only within the borders of EU; their influences are also reaching into neighboring countries and beyond their borders into wider areas. If we summarize the main characteristics of settlement development over the past decade in Slovenia, it is necessary to stress out that those processes were marked by developmental dynamics, which profoundly changed traditional images of the cities and settlements.The most explicit characteristics of the current developmental trends is the strengthening of the centers of economic power - dense city areas, which compete with competitive advantages of their location, with an emphasis on traffic and other infrastructure equipment.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	caadria2003_k-2
id	caadria2003_k-2
authors	Suwansawat, Suchatvee
year	2003
title	The Challenging Subway Project in Bangkok - New Hope of Thais in Solving Traffic Problem [Keynote]
source	CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 13-24
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.013
summary	This paper describes the overall delivery of the Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line, the first subway project in Bangkok as a challenging tunneling project in an urban environment. Eight pressure balance shields were employed under two major civil works contracts (North and South sections) to drive approximately 20 kilometers of twin-tunnel underneath congested area. As a international well known project, multinational workforces exca vated tunnels for the large subway system intended to carry a half million people daily over several lines through the central city in order to minimize traffic jam. Tunnel problem includes many existing structures along the tunnel route as well as flooding, ground subsidence, and fire problems.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2003_042
id	sigradi2003_042
authors	Carvalho, Silvana and Corso, Gilberto
year	2003
title	Áreas Livres para Ocupação Urbana em Salvador (Free areas for urban occuoation in Salvador)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This work has as main objective to show that Geoprocessing technologies can increase the Urban Planning actions, being a great help to the professionals that work daily with urban space data. For that it was looked for to develop a work methodology, using those technologies, to identify Free Areas for Urban Occupation in Salvador city. The resulting maps of this work intend to be study object for understanding urban space of Salvador and how the city can address its growth and development.
series	SIGRADI
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	ea0f
authors	El Araby, Mostafa and Okiel, Ahmed
year	2003
title	The Use of Virtual Reality in Urban Design: Enhancing the Image of Al-Ain City, UAE
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	This study aims at exploring the rapid growth of the use of Virtual Reality techniques in the field of Urban Design with application to the Al-Ain City. Currently, Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments are the most growing fields of information technology and have a great media attention. There is evidence to suggest that the use of such technology will enhance conceivable image of any proposed project at any urban setting for users, designers and clients. Therefore, city officials and administrators (clients) and the public (users) can reach better decisions regarding proposed projects within their towns and cities. Because of the limited time and resources, this study examines the visual quality of Downtown Al Ain, UAE, specifically, the Khalifa street (major shopping street). A basic VRmodel to the street was constructed. Modifications to the basic model were made to examine how changes in buildings’ heights and street vegetation affect the visual quality of the street. Results of this study showed that urban visualization is proving to be a valuable tool for designers and planners. Increasing the heights of buildings in the mid-street and on the edges, along with enforcing distinctive architectural styles for the proposed buildings will enhance the overall quality of the street. Furthermore, decreasing the intensity of current vegetation and tree heights will increase the imaginable quality of the street. Nevertheless, the built of a comprehend VR model needs more time, resources and facilities that were not available to this study. This model, if completed, tothe whole downtown area can be used both to identify existing problems and to quickly evaluate alternative solutions to those problems.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	c5d7
authors	Kuffer, Monika
year	2003
title	Monitoring the Dynamics of Informal Settlements in Dar Es Salaam by Remote Sensing: Exploring the Use of Spot, Ers and Small Format Aerial Photography
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	Dar es Salaam is exemplary for cities in the developing world facing an enormous population growth. In the last decades, unplanned settlements have tremendously expanded, causing that around 70 percent of the urban dwellers are living now-a-days in these areas. Tools for monitoring such tremendous growth are relatively weak in developing countries, thus an effective satellite based monitoring system can provide a useful instrument for monitoring the dynamics of urban development. An investigation to asses the ability of extracting reliable information on the expansion and consolidation levels (density) of urban development of the city of Dar es Salaam from SPOT-HRV and ERS-SAR images is described. The use of SPOT and ERS should provide data that is complementary to data derived from the most recent aerial photography and from digital topographic maps. In a series of experiments various classification and fusion techniques are applied to the SPOT-HRV and ERS-SAR data to extract information on building density that is comparable to that obtained from the 1992 data. Ultimately, building density is estimated by linear and non-linear regression models on the basis of an one ha kernel and further aggregation is made to the level of informal settlements for a final analysis. In order to assess the reliability, use is made of several sample areas that are relatively stable over the study period, as well as, of data derived from small format aerial photography. The experiments show a high correlation between the density data derived from the satellite images and the test areas.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	ijac20031306
id	ijac20031306
authors	Rall, Juan Carlos
year	2003
title	The Digital Environment of Urban Dynamic Analysis
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 3
summary	Urban sprawl and complexity are increasing at an alarming rate causing huge energetic waste and affecting the quality of life of people and life on earth in general. This paper proposes Urban Dynamic Analysis as a feasible approach to address this negative phenomenon. Urban Dynamic Analysis is a multidisciplinary holistic method that inquires into temporal relations between structures and related characteristics in cities. A range of simulation tools are being adapted and developed aiming to assess different morphological configurations of urban spaces, to improve the welfare of citizens and to optimise energy consumption. All these tools are based on digital image utilization, with simple computational techniques.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2003_077
id	sigradi2003_077
authors	Soares, Francirose Furlani and Gomes da Costa, Anibal Sabrosa
year	2003
title	O limite arquitetônico na floresta. A vigília digital na favela (The architectural limit in the forest. The digital surveillance in the "favela")
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This paper aims to discuss new preservation strategies for Rio de Janeiro's Rain Forests threatened by favelas' growth. It is supported by the developing of digital technology associated to urban design practices with a focus turned to a careful watching of the boundaries between the favela and the forest. Our case study is the Favela do Vidigal, situated in the forest, at the top of one of the city mountains and close to the sea. The paper presents a proposal based on people-environment relationships studies, considering the existence of a phisical-virtual limit which could be a permeable balance and control promoting.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:00

_id	sigradi2003_087
id	sigradi2003_087
authors	Cabezas, M., Mariano, C., Mítolo, S. and Oliva, S.
year	2003
title	Una experiencia pedagógica de interacción análogo-digital en el aprendizaje de la forma (A pedagogical experience of analog-digital interaction in the learning of the form)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This work treats the most outstanding aspects in experiences that conjugate analogical and digital processes in the teaching and learning in the way, carried out in the School of Architecture of the UNMDP, Argentina. A new dialogue space among the ways of manual and digital production, motivates the student beginning to traffic a path toward other and new thought forms that it spreads to achieve growing levels of autonomy. In this productive space of interactions, the necessity of both means is verified, since each one has different and inaccessible potentialities to the other one and its interaction transcends its individual advantages.
keywords	Digital, analogical, form, pedagogy
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	6c78
authors	Schechtner, K., Zajicek, J. and Allison, L.
year	2003
title	Changes of access in local and global facilities due to the development of transport information systems TIS
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	The advent of communications technology has revolutionised the way that we conduct our affairs. Services are now more prolific andaccessible. Traffic Information Systems are helping to deliver those services. It is important to recognise which services are sought after by the public and how they can be improved by TIS (Traffic InformationSystems). Freight transport is one service that will increase due to the perceived chance in global access (Internet orders) and that canbe improved by TIS. If goods are to be regularly ordered from afar then they need to be cheaper and be delivered quickly. TIS systems through VMS signs, real-time traffic prognosis and public transport information are allowing us to conserve time as part of our daily lifestyles so that we can access our local facilities as readily as the improved freight networks allow us to access our global facilities. The correct implementation of TIS will make transport easier, and reduce congestion times, however it will only be able to do so, if it is possible to break the correlation of increase in GNP and traffic. Otherwise TIS services will still be useful but greatlymuted so.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	acadia03_002
id	acadia03_002
authors	Anders, Peter
year	2003
title	Four Degrees Of Freedom
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, p. 17
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.x.s7a
summary	Letting go is hard to do. Remember back to when, after months of trying, you let go of the handlebars of your bicycle and sailed down the street, effortless and assured. It was a freedom born of mastery, balance and technique. You had let go, but were in control. Technique extends to other devices as well and we are here to discuss architectural computation. Here too, as we will see, mastery is shown by letting go. These papers explore new degrees of freedom in design computation. Each is on a separate aspect of architecture, whether it be aesthetics, process, or structure. Two papers inquire into the entities of design and the processes by which they are manifested. They pose important questions. If we can affect the course of design going forward, are we free to change its past? By defining the characteristics of objects at the outset, are we through automation free to choose from a refined spectrum of outcomes? From the evidence of these papers, the answer to both questions is yes. Through the agency of parametric design we can affect the future and past of architectural processes and their products. Rather than being locked into rigid, linear decisions we are temporally free to choose, tweak and modify. Choice and chance play an important role in aesthetics as well. This has become emblematic of design trends as we have seen in recent years. One of our papers addresses the indeterminacy of particle systems in the design of a monument to the victims of 9/11. By letting go of the handlebars of the computer, the author has been freed to new, poetic forms and processes. Another paper opens urban design to its client community by use of a sophisticated web site. In the tradition of populist innovators like Charles Moore and Lucien Kroll, the authors have extended the design process beyond the office walls to the city itself. The designers, by loosening their grip on the project have made the effort democratic and participatory. Intriguingly, at the end of the paper, they note that this use of cyberspace opens the door to a non-physical architecture. Could architecture, then, let go its materialist biases as well? We hope to engage this and other questions shortly.We are pleased then, to share with you these insights and projects. Wassim and I hope that these presentations will be as liberating for you as they were for us.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	sigradi2003_075
id	sigradi2003_075
authors	Arroyo, Julio
year	2003
title	Imagen del espacio público e imagen digital (Image of the public space and digital image)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This paper refers to the concept, image and meaning of the public space in media size cities. The premise is the displacement of the social comprehension and valuation of the public due to economical, political and cultural features of contemporary. The concept of public understood as an adjective of urban space moves to the public as a substantive that refers to a general condition of life in city. Digital image and its informational manipulation are the main resources for processing the public. The research depends on images both from its methodological or epistemological point of view.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2003_071
id	sigradi2003_071
authors	Arroyo, Julio and Chiarella, Mauro
year	2003
title	Laboratorio proyectual (Design Laboratory)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	The concern about public space, digital graphic and a non-habitual theoretical background are the elements of an on-process research this paper relates to. The premise of the research is the current uncertain experience of both socio-cultural and physical-spatial public space in an Argentinean intermediate city. The focus is a workshop carried out to explore how forms for the public space may be designed when urban conditions are unstable, such the case of vacant areas, lost places or terrain-vague. Digital liquid shapes and post-structural concepts are alternative resources applied to this exploration that assumes the cultural and material complexity of our urban life.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	avocaad_2003_06
id	avocaad_2003_06
authors	Arturo F. Montagu and Juan Pablo Cieri
year	2003
title	Urbamedia - Development of an urban database of fragments of some Argentinian and Latin-American cities using digital technology
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	The proposal of "Urbamedia" is to undertake the development of 3D virtual and interactive models of historical areas of Latin-American cities. The selected zone is the "Mayo Avenue" including the "Mayo Square", an historical place of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina; this project is financed by the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Development of Argentina and the University of Buenos Aires.We are presenting the first experimental model of the "Mayo Square" that has been developed at ABACUS, Department of Architecture & Building Aids Computer Unit, University of Strathclyde UK. combined with a system analysis of urban activities using the “Atlas.ti” CAQDAS software.This particular use of the “Atlas.ti” software is under experimental applications to this type of urban analysis procedures; allowed us the possibility to analysed a set of activities by means of graph theory as result of a series of interviews to the people working in the area. We are also looking to include historical areas of three cities: Mar del Plata, Rosario and Santa Fe (Argentina) and eventually other cities from Latin América as Rio de Janeiro and Habana.Due that ABACUS has a strong experience in city modelling plus the powerful software and hardware used there, we must develop a VRML customized menu to be adapted to our low cost PC equipment. The 3D model will be used mainly in urban design simulation procedures and the idea is to extend to other type of simulations of the environmental parameters.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	sigradi2003_047
id	sigradi2003_047
authors	Baccaglio, S., Brebbia, V. Bueno, R., Lagorio, L., Noya, A., Salgado, M., Rucq, M. and Pons, A.
year	2003
title	Una Herramienta Alternativa Para La Comunicación Académica (An Alternative Tool for the Academic Communication)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	The aim of this report is to develop a digital pattern easy to use, which will be a suitable tool to display images and texts for academic purposes. The proposal is done through the configuration of a html code page. Besides the study proposes to carry out a digital catalog in order to make easy the files and communication of graphic and photographic documentation. The case of some urban transformations in Rosario's riverside sets an example of its use and verifies its potential condition.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2003_093
id	sigradi2003_093
authors	Banchini, Guillermo andMoliné, Aníbal
year	2003
title	Seminario: Exploración de Enfoques y Técnicas Digitales aplicadas al Proyecto (Seminar: Exploration de Digital Aproaches and Techniques applied to the Project)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	This paper explains the experience performed by a group of architecture students during a short term worksop, trying to explore the potentials of new approaches and digital technics applied to urban and architectural design. The main purposes were: the inclusion of objetive information and quantitative data of material significance in order to assist the generation and structuring of the design process. The notions of "diagram", "field conditions", "contextual logistic" and "animation" were the conceptual categories employed to approach the dinamic conditions and time related logics as critical aspects of the flexibility associated with material organizations.
keywords	Projects, approaches, explorations, digital, technics.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2003_005
id	sigradi2003_005
authors	Barros, D.R., Mandagarán, M., Susta, C. and Nigro, P.
year	2003
title	Hipermedios y no linealidad (Hypermedia and non-linearity)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	The following is the preliminary presentation of a study being carried out at the CEAC FAUD UNMdP Center, registered within the research project 15/B101, on hypermedia readings of urban fragments by non-expert users. This work aims at contributing to the definition of an analysis methodology applicable to hypermedia, Web site and CD rom, about design and architecture topics. It is based on the model of analysis by Aarseth, enlarged for hypermedia. Its purpose is to recognize and describe the features, recurrencies, saturations and differences which characterize them.
keywords	Hypermedia, design, analysis methodology
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

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