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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	201caadria2004
id	201caadria2004
authors	Marc Aurel Schnabel, Steve K S Kuan and Weidong Li
year	2004
title	3D Transformations - 3D Scanning, Digital Modelling, Rapid Prototyping and Physical Depiction
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 227-238
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.227
summary	We investigate the creation and reinterpretation of an architectural design process using a variety of digital and physical media. We study how tools for design influence perception, comprehension and creation of spatial volumes within both Virtual Environments (VE) and physical realms. We explain how designers translate spatial volumes and communicate architectural design ideas by using VE and conventional models. In a series of reinterpretation of architectural meanings we examine the translation of threedimensional design from virtual to tangible depictions and vice versa. We conduct a design-studio in order to explore issues of quality, understanding, communication and building of architectural compositions. VE can be an environment for design distinguishable and facilitating reality. We test this statement by interchanging both realms to that extent that the boundaries of each one are nearly dismantled. Virtuality and reality are both used in alternative formand design-finding exercises in order to gain an overall conclusive design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2004_304
id	2004_304
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel and Kvan, Thomas
year	2004
title	3D Crossover - From 3D Scanning to Digital Modelling, Rapid Prototyping and Physical Depiction
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 304-311
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.304
summary	Crossing over a variety of digital and physical media, creation and representation of an architectural design process can influence perception, comprehension and conception of spatial volumes within both physical and virtual environments. These tools then transform and translate the design process from virtual to tangible portrayal of architectural design and vice versa. Artists and designers pushed media to new interpretations of the media themselves and with that of their artwork. Using these potentials and translate them by employing current technologies we embarked to new understanding and communication of architectural gestalt, form finding and design process. Interchanging and merging design environments from reality to virtuality to an extent that the boundaries of each one are dismantled, both realms can be used together in an overall process that leads to alternative form findings and resulting designs.
keywords	Form Generation; Design Translation; Design Interpretation; Design Manipulation; Virtual Environment
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia04_176
id	acadia04_176
authors	Loukissas, Yanni and Sass, Lawrence
year	2004
title	RULEBUILDING (3D PRINTING: OPERATORS, CONSTRAINTS, SCRIPTS)
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 176-185
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.176
summary	3-D printers alter the speed, cost, complexity, and consistency with which physical architecture models can be crafted. If architects are to harness the unique abilities of this modeling process, it is necessary to find a complementary means of conceptualizing designs and generating the geometric data necessary for 3-D printing. This paper introduces a novel combination of 3-D printing and scripting through three examples of architectural surface models. In these examples, VBScript is used to write generative scripts for execution within the Rhinoceros modeling environment. The scripts produce digital geometric models which, in turn, are exported to a Z-Corp 3-D printer. The merits of this methodology are demonstrated, in one example, through models of an architectural surface composed of light-modulating conical components. The design intent in this example is a grid of responsive components which ride on a complex curved surface and steer toward a light. The written script is an explicit representation of this intention. Methods in the script use external parameters to generate a digital geometric model. The form of the subsequent printed model is calculated as a function of the initial parameters, two boundary splines and a vector indicating the orientation of the light. By varying these parameters, a set of design options can be generated and 3-D printed for comparison. The combination of scripting and 3-D printing allows complex design intentions to be managed in a concise, sharable format and modeled iteratively without manual intervention.
keywords	Generative, Scripting, Rapid Prototyping, 3-D Printing, Architectural Design
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2004_095
id	2004_095
authors	Sass, Larry
year	2004
title	Design for Self Assembly of Building Components using Rapid Prototyping
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 95-104
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.095
summary	Design of assemblies will become an area of study when using rapid prototyping devices in the architectural design process becomes standard practice. This paper is a presentation of a design process study focused on understanding a method of working with rapid prototyping devices in a creative design process. This paper has an emphasis is on the creation of physically large models. These models are built from many layers of detail and are too large to print on a conventional 3D building device (3D printer). In response to this is a proposal to design assemblies as a means to create models of parts manufactured with rapid prototyping devices. Design for Assembly (DFA) becomes an exclusive process within this method of model making. Designing assemblies as part of a creative design enterprise offers greater knowledge of the building's construct at an early stage of the process. As an example, there are three physical models built from 3D CAD descriptions for this study. These models are manufactured from various rapid prototyping devices and differing processes of assembly. They are evidence of DFA as a necessary process in architectural design when using rapid prototyping devices.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Design Methods, Design for Assembly
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	avocaad_2003_06
id	avocaad_2003_06
authors	Arturo F. Montagu and Juan Pablo Cieri
year	2003
title	Urbamedia - Development of an urban database of fragments of some Argentinian and Latin-American cities using digital technology
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	The proposal of "Urbamedia" is to undertake the development of 3D virtual and interactive models of historical areas of Latin-American cities. The selected zone is the "Mayo Avenue" including the "Mayo Square", an historical place of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina; this project is financed by the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Development of Argentina and the University of Buenos Aires.We are presenting the first experimental model of the "Mayo Square" that has been developed at ABACUS, Department of Architecture & Building Aids Computer Unit, University of Strathclyde UK. combined with a system analysis of urban activities using the “Atlas.ti” CAQDAS software.This particular use of the “Atlas.ti” software is under experimental applications to this type of urban analysis procedures; allowed us the possibility to analysed a set of activities by means of graph theory as result of a series of interviews to the people working in the area. We are also looking to include historical areas of three cities: Mar del Plata, Rosario and Santa Fe (Argentina) and eventually other cities from Latin América as Rio de Janeiro and Habana.Due that ABACUS has a strong experience in city modelling plus the powerful software and hardware used there, we must develop a VRML customized menu to be adapted to our low cost PC equipment. The 3D model will be used mainly in urban design simulation procedures and the idea is to extend to other type of simulations of the environmental parameters.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	ddss2008-33
id	ddss2008-33
authors	Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year	2008
title	A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords	Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	2004_024
id	2004_024
authors	Holmgren, S., Rüdiger, B., Storgaard, K. and Tournay, B.
year	2004
title	The Electronic Neighbourhood - A New Urban Space
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 24-34
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.024
summary	During the event Cultural Market Days on 23 and 24 August 2003 at Noerrebro Park in Copenhagen, visitors could also enter the marketplace from their home via the Internet, as a digital 3D model had been constructed that showed the marketplace with all its information booths and activities. This virtual marketplace functioned as an extension of the urban space, allowing you to take part in the flow of information, activities and experiences that were offered in the marketplace. And this just by a click on the Internet address: http://www.e-kvarter.dk. Furthermore at certain times of the day you could chat with people from some of the many working groups of the urban regeneration project in Noerrebro. The digital 3D model is similar to the marketplace, but it creates its own universe in the green surroundings of Noerrebro Park. And now, when the Cultural Market Days are finished and the booths and people have gone, the Electronic Marketplace still remains on the Internet, with a potential for developing a new public space for information, dialogue and cooperation between the actors of the urban regeneration project. This paper presents the results of a 3-year research project, The Electronic Neighbourhood (2000-2004). Researchers have developed and tested a digital model of the urban area and other digital tools for supporting the dialogue and cooperation between professionals and citizens in an urban regeneration project in Copenhagen. The Danish Agency for Enterprise and Housing, the Ministry for Refugees, Immigration and Integration and Copenhagen Municipality have financed the research, which is planned to be published 2004. The results can also be followed on the Internet www.e-kvarter.dk.
keywords	3D Modelling; Virtual Environments; Design Process; Human-Computer Interaction; Collaborative Design; Urban Planning
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	502caadria2004
id	502caadria2004
authors	Kirsty A. Beilharz
year	2004
title	Designing Generative Sound for Responsive 3D Digital Environment Interaction
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 741-758
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.741
summary	This paper examines three key areas of responsive sound interaction in 3D Digital Environments: designing generative sound that derives its composition and relevance from social and physical human interaction within a digital environment; the relation of sonic structure to the digital visual and spatial experience; and responsive, reactive real time sound generation activated by environmental conditions and human behaviours. The primary purposes for responsive sound design are: (1) to provide navigational cues supporting way-finding and spatial orientation; and (2) to provide realtime generative environmental sound that reflects social behaviour in a way that is meaningful and recognisable. The applied contexts for navigational cues and environmental generative sound include online (multi-user), synchronous Virtual Environments and Digital Installation Spaces (e.g. intelligent rooms, virtual reality and immersive environments). Outcomes of responsive sound design include: a trigger system of aural alerts, warnings and guidance; a computational system for generating sound in real time activated by spatial location and social interaction; and an audio (non-visual) tool aiding spatial orientation and way-finding interaction in 3D immersive Digital Environments.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	eaea2003_12-matalasov
id	eaea2003_12-matalasov
authors	Matalasov, M. and Matalasov, E.
year	2004
title	Our Views on Actual Researches of 3D-modelling in Architecture
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 48-58
summary	This contribution is devoted to the brief description of the basic directions and tendencies of researches of the laboratory of video systems MARCHI. In connection with development of hardware-software computer means and their practically absolute, not alternative application in the practice of architectural designing, nowadays (not always is proved) the sphere of application of the former traditional methods of physical modeling and their connection to the endoscopic methods has been narrowed. We consider some new probable directions of development of scientific and educational work within the framework of activity of our laboratory, allowing a more balanced approach to these problems. As we have discussed, our theoretical researches and practical works must reassume an existing non-standard and controversial situation in Russia, such as established substantial intellectual potentials in scientific- and methodological researches within study processes. In addition to that, what we can use are affordable and limited physical and financial recourses and capability for technical development of works for modeling perception in designing architectural and town planning space. These initiated searches in the field of non-standard thinking, derive from our contacts with EAEA colleagues. Below we will try briefly to explain our basic principles of work development. (To be clear, some time we dismiss references and notes into exact reports from our conferences supposing that interested colleagues may get further and detailed information from already published past events).
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	ijac20042404
id	ijac20042404
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Kvan, Thomas; Kuan, Steve K.S.; Li, Weidong
year	2004
title	3D Crossover: exploring objets digitalisé
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 4, 476-490
summary	By merging a range of digital and physical media, the architectural design process is enriched by different perceptions, comprehensions and conceptions of spatial volumes within both physical and virtual environments. The use of digital media often confines the design process to only the digital realm; in this class, students moved fluidly back and forth from digital to physical using digital tools in unorthodox ways. These different media transformed the design process from a tangible portrayal of architectural design to a virtual portrayal, and vice versa. With this interchanging and crossing over of design environments from reality to virtuality the limits of each one are dismantled, both realms can be brought together in an overall process that led to alternative form findings and resulting designs. This work lies in the tradition of artists who push media to explore new interpretations both of the media themselves and of their artwork.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	2004_593
id	2004_593
authors	Stellingwerff, Martijn and Kuhk, Annette
year	2004
title	3D/4D Communication Tools for Facilitators in Public Participation
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 593-600
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.593
summary	The international research project, Planning Inclusion of Clients through e-Training, (PICT) aims at developing various computerised tools and training programmes to enhance public participation in local urban projects. This article presents a communication strategy and two tools, which were applied in a pilot study in Brussels Capital Region. The communication strategy involves the use of multiple channels to introduce, inform and involve people to the urban planning debates. The first tool, called ‘3D-projection’, combines an urban scale-model of the neighbourhood with an interactive projection. Thus, parts of the model are related to photographic and computer-graphic impressions of the existing or future streetscape. The end-user can develop a thorough understanding of the presented changes in the built environment. Getting involved and being informed are made easier. The second tool, called ‘4D-viewer’, combines planning and design software into evaluative 3D-renderings which visualise the change of a site over time. This tool is supposed to be helpful at meetings of planners, architects and local actors and residents. The paper introduces the PICT project and the specific planning-approach of Neighbourhood Contracts in Brussels Capital Region. Then, we will describe the communication strategy and present the general concept of the two systems as well as their application in the pilot study for the ‘Brabant Groen’ Neighbourhood Contract. Finally, we will discuss our experiences with the system and plans for the future.
keywords	Public Participation, Design & Decision Support Systems, Digital City Modelling, Interface-Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2004_057
id	sigradi2004_057
authors	Themis Fagundes; Eliane Schlemmer; Clarice Maraschin
year	2004
title	Cidades virtuais: projetos de aprendizagem em arquitetura e urbanismo [Virtual Cities: Architecture and Urbanism Learning Projects]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	This paper discuss partial findings concerning academic research on Virtual Cities and Virtual Learning Environments, applied to the learning process in Architecture and Urbanism. We approach the paradigmatic shift on the conception of space and time, related to Informational Technology in the global context (WWW). This implies changes in the notion of city, space and place within the network society, which are raw material for architects. We use case study methodology to build partial digital models of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, based on basic 3D modelling and GIS technology. They composed computer places that are our digital base for the future development of virtual cities. They are operated as learning objects by the community of students and teachers, within Virtual Learning Environments (AVA). We argue that this process might enhance the development of autonomy, solidarity and cooperation, which are relevant cognitive abilities to the profile of young architects.
keywords	Virtual Cities, Network Society, Informational Technology, Virtual Learning Environments
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	314caadria2004
id	314caadria2004
authors	Ying-Shiu Huang, Jainyou Lee
year	2004
title	The New Combination of Digital Sketching and Modeling Process in Idea-Developing Stage
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 545-556
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.545
summary	With the introduction of the computer into different forms of digital applications in the design process, Mitchell strongly recommended a wider application of the new technology in the design process -- implying the mutual influence between physical architecture and the sketches, and between physical and digital models. Most important is the possibility of using computer aided design (CAD) to develop ideas in early design stage. During the developing idea stage, the traditional design process from sketching drawings to forming ideas has been transformed to a process where the idea directly proceeds to computer modeling. The aim of this approach is to tackle the above issues created by the introduction of computer technology, trying to produce the same possibilities during the computer modeling process as that in the cognitive behavior of sketching. Also, the designer usually realizes the abstract concepts with the aid of the 2D sketches and the 3D physical models; but between the traditional sketches and the models, a large degree of disagreement always exists. Therefore, this work aims to develop a new formula for employing digital media, which will enable the designer to envisage 2D sketches and computer models simultaneously. In this scenario, the designer can remain aware of cognitive behavior in sketching while constructing computer models.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	0131
id	0131
authors	Chiarella, Mauro
year	2004
title	GEOMETRY AND ARCHITECTURE: NURBS, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
source	Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Special Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 135-139.
summary	Geometry regarded as a tool for understanding is perhaps the part of Mathematics which is the most intuitive, concrete and linked to reality. From its roots as a tool to describe and measure shapes, geometry as ‘the space science’ , has grown towards a theory of ideas and methods by means of which it is possible to build and study idealised models, not only from the physical world but also from the real world. In graphic architecture thought, geometry usually appears as an instrumental support for project speculation. Geometric procedures are presented as representational resources for the graphic testing of reflection and for the exposition of ideas in order to build a logical order as regards representation and formal prefiguration. The fast rise of computing in the last decades has made it possible for architects to work massively and in a graphic and intuitive way with mathematical representations of tridimensional geometry, such as the NURBS . These organic surfaces of free shapes defined by vectorial curves have allowed access to a rapid generation of complex shapes with a minumum amount of data and of specific knowledge. The great development of modelling achieved by the digital media and the limitations in the technical and building areas and in the existence of materials which are coherent with the resultant shapes reveal a considerable distance between the systems of ideation and simulation characteristic of the computing era and the analogous systems of production inherited from the slow industrial development. This distance has been shortened by CAD/CAM systems, which are, however, not very accessible to the architectural field. If we incorporate to the development of these divergent media the limitations which are distinctive of the material resources and procedures of the existent local technology, the aforementioned distance seems even greater. Assuming the metaphor of living at the threshold of two ages (industrial-computing, analogical-digital, material-virtual) and the challenge of the new conceptual and operational tools in our field, we work in the mixture, with no exclusions or substitutions, proposing (by means of the development of informational complements) some alternatives of work to approach the issue under discussion from the Architecture Workshop.
keywords	Geometry, Design, NURBS, Unfolding, Pedagogy
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/04/07 12:51

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	acadia04_162
id	acadia04_162
authors	Perez, Santiago R.
year	2004
title	The Synthetic Sublime
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 162-175
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.162
summary	The distinction between the artificial and the natural has been increasingly challenged as a result of advances in genetics, microbiol¬ogy, and robotics. Beginning with the molecular assemblage of organic systems into complex micro-surfaces and structures, and expanding into the realm of the macro landscape, our understanding of the term Synthetic must be revised. What is the relationship between the component (or part) and the whole, when confronted with the Synthetic? Digitally mediated fabrication technologies, combined with a renewed interest in topology and (bio)logical form, serve to challenge our preconceived notions of space and form. This inquiry will attempt to explore the relationship between traditional assemblies produced by hand, and the production of complex forms through digital rapid prototyping. The impact of D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form will be considered both as a historical juncture and a contemporary source of knowledge for the exploration of new assemblages inspired by topology and biology. In particular, the organic micro-surfaces depicted in France Bourély's Hidden Beauty will be explored, in comparison with the mathematical development of organic forms inspired by Periodic Minimal Surfaces. The analysis of emerging forms and assemblages based on the notion of the Synthetic will be compared with the Organic, and considered within the context of twentieth century art and sculpture. An attempt will be made to establish new modes of inquiry for combining digital and physical explorations of space and form, influenced by advances in micro-scale structures, complex surfaces, and the history of organic form in art.
keywords	landscape, form, surface, assemblage
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ascaad2004_paper5
id	ascaad2004_paper5
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael A.
year	2004
title	A Java Program Model for Design-Idea Exploration in Three Dimensions
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	Visual Perception of depictions is the basis of the act of imagining employed in visual design thinking of design process, and consequently in design-idea exploration. Digital-media use plays a significantly important role in these exploration processes. The underlying assumption of the research is that Visual Perception affects Design-Idea Exploration processes. The research investigates and sheds more light on the processes of Visual Perception, which architects use in mass exploration of design ideas. The research is a part of a series that presents a Java program based on creating 3d shapes, in order for architects to explore initial shapes related to design ideas. The initial version of the program, which is a part of another research, creates 3d shapes through controlling their dimensions and insertion point. Functions of painting, controlling the light position, and shading are added to the program that is presented in this research. The research discusses Design-Idea Exploration and Visual Perception and their correlation. The added features of the program that is used as a design medium are also presented and linked to the investigated areas.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2004_047
id	sigradi2004_047
authors	Antonio Almagro Gorbea; Ana Almagro Vidal; José Antonio Fernández Ruiz; Miguel González Garrido
year	2004
title	Madinat al-zahraí: Investigación y representación [Madinat al-Zahraí: Investigation and Representation]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	The virtual reconstruction of the archeological site of Madinat al-Zahra. in Córdoba (Spain) has permitted a new approach to the study and comprehension of this palatine city as well as to the typologies of Islamic architecture in Al-Andalus during the 10th century. Starting from fieldwork and from a photogrammetric survey of the site, the digital model has become a highly qualified tool in the research process. Through virtual navigation, it allows to learn new aspects about spatial configuration of this characteristic constructions that configure the basis for the development of further architectures during the following centuries. Furthermore, being conscious that knowledge is basic for cultural heritage preservation, this 3D reconstruction model is an important instrument for general dissemination and for implementing a visit to this significant case of Islamic architecture in Spain.
keywords	Islamic architecture, computer graphics, virtual reconstruction, 3D modeling
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddss2004_ra-161
id	ddss2004_ra-161
authors	Bandini, S., S. Manzoni, and G. Vizzari
year	2004
title	Crowd Modeling and Simulation
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 161-175
summary	The paper introduces a Multi Agent Systems (MAS) approach to crowd modelling and simulation, based on the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. This is a special class of Multilayered Multi Agent Situated System (MMASS), exploiting basic elements of Cellular Automata. In particular SCA model provides an explicit spatial representation and the definition of adjacency geometries, but also a concept of autonomous agent, provided with an internal architecture, an individual state and behaviour. The latter provides different means of space-mediated interaction among agents: synchronous, between adjacent agents, and asynchronous among at-a-distance entities. Heterogeneous entities may be modelled through the specification of different agent types, defining different behaviours and perceptive capabilities. After a brief description of the model, its application to simple crowd behaviours will be given, and an application providing the integration of a bidimensional simulator based on this model and a 3D modelling application (3D Studio) will also be described. The adoption of this kind of system allows the specification and simulation of an architectural design with reference to the behaviour of entities that will act in it. The system is also able to easily produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the design and the communication with involved decision-makers. In fact, while experts often require only abstract and analytical results deriving from a quantitative analysis of simulation results, other people involved in the decision-making process related to the design may be helped by qualitative aspects better represented by other forms of graphical visualization.
keywords	Multi-Agent Systems, 3D modelling, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-69
id	ddss2004_ra-69
authors	Barton, J., B. Parolin, and V. Weiley
year	2004
title	A Spatial Decision Support System for the Management of Public Housing
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 69-84
summary	This paper is reporting on a research project undertaken jointly between the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and the NSW Department of Housing (DoH) to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to assist planning, management and evaluation in areas of high public housing concentration. In the paper we will describe the development of the SDSS, the specific spatial problems challenging the DoH and the potential for the system to incorporate a range of social, financial and physical data, both internal and from other sources, for interaction and presentation in a three dimensional environment. The prototype SDSS attempts to address the specific challenges of providing better service for clients of the DoH. An information audit and survey has been conducted of the department’s resources and needs. Issues identified include the management of high-rise and superlot areas, crime mapping, community interactivity, internal and intergovernmental information sharing, interoperability and maintaining confidentiality and security of data. Interactive 3D visualisation of the model is facilitated by use of the 3map free geospace platform. Use of open source code and open standards such as X3D for 3D graphics interchange allow the project to explore advanced visualisation techniques while ensuring interoperability and data longevity.
keywords	Spatial Decision Support System, Public Housing, Community Renewal, Security, Open Source, Interoperability, Visualisation, 3D GIS, PPGIS, X3D
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

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